Esta pesquisa procura situar a produção do espaço no contexto das operações de reurbanização na cidade de São Paulo, especificamente, a \"revitalização do centro\". Tais abstrações se colocam na realidade reduzindo as potencialidades do urbano, este entendido como lugar do encontro, a simples troca de mercadorias e relações contratuais entre \"agentes\" sociais, ora personificados em capitalistas, ora, em proletários. Neste sentido, o espaço, de modo estratégico, é produzido como espetáculo, ideologia e meio de segregação, dentro dos limites de uma economia capitalista que se apresenta agora como crise do trabalho. Diante destas circunstâncias, as relações de produção não se efetivam totalmente e é cada vez maior uma crescente população de trabalhadores que não consegue vender sua força de trabalho, devido à redução de sua oferta no mercado, e que, por isso, não encontra lugar nesta economia. Através destas questões, buscou-se definir táticas de resistência de parte desta população, notadamente os sem-tetos, perante a revitalização do centro. Daí, o problema da habitação não se resumir às restrições físicas da residência, mas a luta pela cidade, a própria existência e o habitar. / This research tries to situate the production of the space in the context of the operation of reurbanization in the city of São Paulo, specifically, \"the revitalization of the center\". This abstractions are putting in the reality reducing the potentiality of the urban, this understand how a place of the meeting, the simple change of merchandises and contractual relations between social \"agents\", sometimes personified in capitalists, sometimes, in workers. In this way, the space, in a strategic way, is produced like spectacle, ideology and segregation way, inside the limits of a economy capitalist that show yourself like the worker\'s crises. In front of this circumstance, the production relationship don\'t be totally effective and each time a increasing population of workers that don\'t obtains sell his work?s strength, because of the reduction of his offer in the work\'s market, and them because of this, they don\'t find their place in the society. Among these questions, searches have been made to define tactics of resistance by part of the population, nominated the homeless, ahead the revitalization of downtown. So, the problem of habitation can\'t be resumed to the physical restriction of home, but the fight for the city, the own existence and the living.

This document proposes historic preservation guidelines for the downtown area of the City of St. George, Utah. It grew from a summer internship with the city where I took inventory of the streetscape in the Historic Downtown and prepared recommendations in the form of a PowerPoint Presentation that was given to the city council. This paper summarizes the summer internship and introduces a more appropriate approach based on reflection of the internship. The new approach involves a thorough inventory of the historic character, in-depth research of the historic elements that contribute to the historic character, development of design guidelines and standards, reviews, and codification of the design guidelines and standards. The historic elements that contribute most to the city’s historic character are identified as 1) block and lot layout and building setbacks, 2) architecture, 3) irrigation ditches, 4) tree lined streets, and 5) other streetscape elements and site features. Through comprehensive research of old photography, literature, and existing conditions these historic elements are further defined. The historic elements are currently being specified in design guidelines and standards and reviewed by the city in preparation for possible codification. (173 pages)

This study is primarily about the theory of uneven geographical development. In an era when it is proclaimed that, through globalization, the world has become flat, the unevenness of economic and social development is often overlooked or suppressed. As the nexus between global and local processes, the urban space often becomes the site of conflict between those defining the hegemonic narrative of the space, from a global and flat perspective; and those experiencing heterogenous local narratives, whose uneven positions are reinforced by this hegemonic narrative. This study explores the conditions of uneven geographical development in the urban space of central Florida. Focusing primarily on the Reedy Creek Improvement District (RCID), better known by much of the world as Walt Disney World, and on Celebration, the community developed by the Disney Corporation in the 1990s, the relationship between urban development and tourism, the defining economic sector in the region, are explored in the context of space-place, global-local narratives. This is done using the four conditions of David Harvey's Theory of Uneven Geographical Development. First, the history of sociopolitical processes within the urban space are explored as creating a framework upon which contemporary uneven geographical development could be built. Second, the development and continued power of the RCID in central Florida are examined within the context of accumulation by dispossession. Third, Celebration as a consumed company town is examined in the context of accumulation across space-time. Finally, the relationships between the RCID and Celebration, and the rest of the central Florida region, are developed in the context of struggles occurring simultaneously across multiple scales. This study shows that the theory of uneven geographical development applies well to a region that is heavily dependent upon the tourist sector for its economy, and thereby works to control the narrative of that space to continue attracting consumers. It also shows that, while the theory of uneven geographical development works well for a space that is a primary global tourist sink, it needs additional theoretical sophistication in order to better suit rapidly changing global processes.

This thesis is a critical evaluation of the methods of community engagement used by the Hillsborough County City-County Planning Commission during the creation and implementation of the West Tampa Economic Development Plan. Data for this research was conducted in West Tampa, a neighborhood in Tampa, Florida. In the spring of 2005, the Planning Commission began working with the residents, business and property owners in West Tampa to develop the neighborhood's economic development plan. Using the community engagement methods of surveys, mailed and posted community announcements, community meetings, focus groups and interviews, the Planning Commission created an economic development plan which reflected the needs and concerns of the residents, business and property owners and worked to limit their displacement from the redevelopment of the neighborhood. Although these methods were designed to create avenues of participation for all segments of West Tampa's population, the neighborhood's new immigrant, Spanish speaking residents and business owners were not involved in the Planning Commission's community engagement efforts. By focusing specifically in West Tampa's Latino business district, known as "Boliche Boulevard," a long-time nickname given to the area by Tampa's Cuban immigrants, data from this research identifies the reasons for this population's absence in the creation and implementation of West Tampa's economic development plan. The use of the traditional anthropological methods of participant observation, semi-structured interviews and archival research revealed the history of Boliche Blvd.'s relationship with West Tampa, the neighborhood's civic institutions and Tampa city government and how these relationships impacted the business owners' willingness and ability to participate in West Tampa's economic development plan. The Planning Commission's limited understanding of the social relationships which exist between Boliche Blvd., West Tampa and the larger City of Tampa impaired their ability to successfully reach this population with their existing community engagement methods. This research stresses the need for city-county planning agencies to critically evaluate their community engagement efforts when conducting economic development projects in diverse, multi-lingual urban neighborhoods. Community engagement must be tailored to target different language and culture groups in order to achieve successful participation from the entire neighborhood population.

Urban highway infrastructure in North America has been singularly designed for the automobile, severing parts of the urban fabric, blighting our once-thriving city centres and resulting in spaces that are void of the human scale. The Cogswell Interchange in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada is such an infrastructure, cutting through the downtown core and heritage district. This thesis investigates the Cogswell Interchange in an attempt to animate and enliven a dead urban space, reducing traffic and bringing new activity and life to the street. Reappropriating parts of vehicular infrastructure for cyclist and pedestrian use and creating a variety of activities and programs (gallery, gym, restaurant, park) enables an increased connectivity for pedestrians and cyclists and brings a more human-scale urbanity to the site. The infrastructure itself becomes a framework upon which to build, revisioned as an active, vibrant place which people can experience with a renewed sense of wonder and appreciation.

Without change, stagnation is inevitable. Never has this truth been more obvious than during the current epoch of industrial decline in North America. This research provides two economic narratives that exemplify the struggles of industrial communities as they strive to regenerate. The research involves a comparative analysis of the transformation of two steel cities, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and Hamilton, Ontario, from 1970 to 2008. For cities in which one major industry has formed the foundation of the local economy, job losses can result in massive dislocation and devastating consequences for individuals, families, and communities. Pittsburgh and Hamilton are among many cities striving to diversify and strengthen their economies as manufacturing diminishes and Western sunset industries rise in the East. Transformation has been much more extensive in Pittsburgh than in many cities because Pittsburgh was so largely dominated by the steel industry and faced a virtual collapse of that industry. Hamilton has also experienced a steep decline in steel and related manufacturing jobs. Based on 55 interviews with city leaders, including a pilot study in Welland, Ontario, this research examines eight critical factors that collectively influence development: transformational leadership, strategic development planning, civic engagement, education and research, labor, capital, infrastructure, and quality of life. The study looks at how city leaders drive these factors in the context of global economic forces to revitalize their communities. Together, these elements combine to create the new economy of cities. To achieve successful transformation, the elements must function as part of an integrated system─a community economic activity system (CEAS). This research is grounded in MacGregor-Burn’s (1978; 2003) transformational leadership theory and positions local leadership as the central driver of economic regeneration. It highlights the importance of enduring social relations among leaders for creating an organized, yet dynamic, base of power that is necessary to mobilize resources and execute development policies to achieve qualitative change. Moreover, it points to the importance of inclusiveness and openness in engaging local citizen groups in order to build trust and confidence that recovery will happen. Pittsburgh and Hamilton offer many examples of successful partnerships that increasingly involve public-private-nonprofit-academic collaboratives.

For long, industrial archaeological buildings were perceived as unaesthetic objects abandoned at the core of cities, inhibiting spatial and economic development. Much of the industrial heritage were demolished under the modernization discourses of the governments, and as the effects of urbanization and globalization movements. However, especially after the mid-20th century, the issue of conserving the industrial heritage, which was initiated as a disciplinary movement, caused to a change of the mentality in developed societies, which aimed the demolishment of these buildings. In these societies many developments occurred for conserving the industrial heritage. Today, many nations perceive this heritage as a tool of social, spatial and economic development of cities. On the other hand, Maltepe Gas and Electric Factory, which was listed in 1991, still cannot be regenerated since this date. The main aim of this thesis is to clarify the problems that lie behind the conservation problem of Maltepe Gas and Electric Factory landscape, and to propose solutions for the regeneration of the site. The thesis, also aims to put forth the industrial archaeological history of Ankara, to emphasize the significance of this industrial complex. In doing so, after designationg the industrialization history of the city, industrial-spatial evolution of the Maltepe Gas and Electric Factory had been discussed. Then, after clarifying the problems that threaten the regeneration of the landscape, solutions were seeked from the experiences of post-industrial countries. At the end of the thesis, based on the local context, a solution is proposed for the regeneration of the landscape in the framework of conserving the industrial archaeological heritage.

abstract: This dissertation examines the way in which social capital, or productive networks, can be used to support downtown renewal. This case study examines the way in which Phoenix Community Alliance (PCA) and Downtown Phoenix Partnership (DPP)--two, critical downtown-focused organizations ostensibly founded for civic improvement--use social capital to advance downtown urban development initiatives. This case study also explores how and the extent to which new social capital is generated by PCA and DPP through the processes of planning, designing, and implementing downtown development projects and the kinds of initiatives this social capital enables, whether and how the focus of downtown Phoenix development has shifted over time, the challenges facing contemporary downtown development and role PCA and DPP might play in addressing these issues, and recommended strategies for advancing future downtown development through social capital that evolves as downtown needs change. This dissertation contributes to the general understanding of how pivotal groups responsible for impacting downtown development and quality of life can become more effective in their roles by examining how they create networks pivotal to advancing urban downtown renewal. Research findings illuminate how community development groups can more effectively use networks to inspire downtown improvement. Findings emphasize the need to engage a broader downtown community, including both emerging and established organizations and those who desire to contribute to a diverse and exciting heart or city core. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. Public Administration 2011

[pt] O tema desta pesquisa envolve o reconhecimento de Marcos Referenciais Urbanos como caracterizadores da identidade de bairros e cidades e como elementos-chave na formação do imaginário urbano dos habitantes. Se bem aceitos pela população local, os marcos transformam-se em referência simbólica para o tecido urbano. Este trabalho apresenta o resultado do estudo realizado sobre marcos construídos durante a implementação de programas de revitalização urbana, na cidade do Rio de Janeiro - Brasil - e na cidade de Providence - EUA. No programa Rio Cidade 1, os marcos estudados foram o conjunto Obelisco e passarela, no bairro de Ipanema - gerador do problema da pesquisa por ter sido rejeitado pelos usuários cariocas -, e a Laranja, de Campo Grande. No programa Providence`s Renaissance, nos EUA, o WaterFire. O principal objetivo foi examinar a expressão simbólica dos três marcos, mostrar a contextualização histórico-social dos programas de revitalização e as atuações das respectivas administrações públicas. Aplica a técnica da visão serial na contextualização morfológica dos elementos construídos. Apresenta reflexões sobre os processos projetuais, as diretrizes metodológicas, bem como o posicionamento dos usuários, sob análise sistemática baseada em aspectos fundamentais da comunicação estruturalista de Roland Barthes, e da dialógica, de Mikhail Bakhtin. Propõe, por fim, alguns pontos-chave para a análise metodológica dos Marcos Referenciais Urbanos, que puderam ser desenvolvidos a partir dos pressupostos teóricos e da hipótese levantada. / [en] The research theme involves the recognition of Built Urban Landscape Marks as active agents in the identity characterization of neighborhoods and cities, and as key elements in the construction of inhabitants`s urban imaginary. If well accepted by the local population, the marks become a symbolic reference to the site. Otherwise, they only amount to urban furniture without function. This thesis presents the results of the research developed about marks built during urban revitalization programs constructed in Brazil and Providence, USA. From Rio Cidade 1, R.J., the following marks were studied: Ipanema`s Obelisk and foot-bridge - the research`s problem source, once the citizens didn`t recognize or legitimate it , and Campo Grande`s Orange. Lastly, during Providence`s Renaissance (U.S.A.), the third chosen mark was built: WaterFire. The main goal of the research is to analyze the symbolic expression of the three marks. This thesis also aims to address the historical and social contexts in which the revitalization programs took place and the roles played by each public administration during the process. It applies the visual series methodology in the reading of the morphological contexts of the built elements and their positions within it. It presents an analysis about the design processes and the methodological procedures adopted. Moreover, this analysis uses Barthes`s structuralist communication model and Bakhtin`s dialogic communication as theory basis to address the user`s role in the processes and procedures that have been adopted. Finally, the thesis proposes some key points to the methodological analysis of Built Urban Landscape Marks that could be developed by the theory basis and the hypothesis adopted.

The aim of this dissertation is to develop a concept of revitalization of Srbický stream, including its tributaries. The suggestion of arrangement should support an increase of water and environmental stability of the basin. It contains technical and biological revitalization, including the objects of revitalization in the bed of the stream, the estabilishment of restoration of pond reservoirs, designing the localization of wetland areas, oxbow stream restoration, afforestation of the stream banks and erosion - threatened catchment areas. The solution is based on a thorough evaluation of the documents - hydrological, pedological, hydrogeological and vegetative - and on the results of detailed field survey of the area. The proposal follows the processed local territorial system of ecological stability.