The study focuses on the implementation of the prisoners’ right to remunerated labour in Mozambique. It takes on a human rights-based approach to prisoners’ rights, arguing for the provision of remunerated labour as a measure to enhance a fundamental right to work to the most vulnerable members of the society who are prisoners. Within this broad rubric, the following questions are investigated: (1) What are the domestic, regional and international standards in respect of remunerated labour applicable to prisoners? (2) Has Mozambique complied with the duties arising from these obligations? (3) How can the enforcement of these undertakings be ensured? / A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Law University of Pretoria, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Masters of Law (LLM in Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa). Prepared under the supervision of Prof Frans Viljoen of the University of Pretoria Centre for Human Rights. / LLM Dissertation (Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa -- University of Pretoria, 2010. / http://www.chr.up.ac.za/ / Centre for Human Rights / LLM

Magistro baigiamajame darbe yra tiriama, ar Lietuva į savo nacionalinius teisės aktus yra pilnai perkėlusi Priėmimo sąlygų direktyvos nuostatas, ir vertinama, ar yra daromi Priėmimo sąlygų direktyvos pažeidimai praktikoje. Dėl savo ypatingos svarbos detaliai analizuojamos prieglobsčio prašytojų teisė į materialines priėmimo sąlygas ir teisė į darbą. Prieglobsčio prašytojų materialinės priėmimo sąlygos ir užimtumas tiriami tarptautiniu, Europos regiono ir Lietuvos lygmenimis. Nustatyta, kad neatitinkančios Priėmimo sąlygų direktyvos standartų materialinės priėmimo sąlygos gali lemti EŽTK pažeidimus, pavyzdžiui, po EŽTT priimto pilotinio sprendimo M.S.S. prieš Belgiją ir Graikiją byloje valstybės, taikydamos Dublino II reglamentą, nesiunčia prieglobsčio prašytojų į tas šalis, kuriose jiems gresia netinkamas elgesys, prilyginamas kankinimui, nežmoniškam ar žeminančiam jų orumą elgesiui. Europos Komisija Lietuvos materialines priėmimo sąlygas gretina su Graikija ir pasisako, kad jos yra itin žemo lygio. Iš to kylančios praktinės problemos pažeidžia Priėmimo sąlygų direktyvą. Ištirtos literatūros ir teisės aktų pagrindu yra atskleidžiama prieglobsčio prašytojų užimtumo problematika. Europos Sąjungos valstybės narės Priėmimo sąlygų direktyvos nuostatas yra perkėlusios į savo nacionalinius teisės aktus teoriškai, bet savo įgyvendinimo praktikoje daro pažeidimus. Lietuva – vienintelė valstybė, kuri apskritai nėra jokiu teisės aktu reglamentavusi prieglobsčio prašytojų teisės į... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The aim of this work is to analyse if Lithuania has fully transposed the provisions of the Reception Conditions’ Directive into its national law and to assess whether any violations of the Directive occur in Lithuanian‘s practice. Due to its special importance the particular attention is given to the detailed analyses of the asylum seekers‘ right to material reception conditions and the right to work. The material reception conditions and employment are being examined from the international, European and Lithuanian perspective. The analysis shows that the provision of material reception conditions contradicting to the provisions of the Reception Conditions’ Directive can lead to the violations of ECHR. This could be illustrated by the final pilot ECHR decision in M.S.S. v. Belgium and Greece case where Member States applying Dublin II Regulation do not send asylum seekers to such countries where there is a risk of them facing inappropriate behaviour comparable to torture, inhumane or degrading treatment. It is noted that with regard to the asylum seekers‘ material reception conditions the European Commission equates Lithuania to Greece and proclaims conditions as being of a very low level. The practical problems arising from this situation violate the Directive. By evaluating doctrinal works and the legislation the work reveals the problems regarding the asylum seekers’ access to the labour market. Even though Member States of the European Union are transposing the... [to full text]

The work deals with the problems of employing people with disabilities and ethical aspects related to the problem. Describes their difficulties in finding an employment, problems of discrimination, difficulty with unemployment and also how unemployment affects the psyche of the people. It also deals with how the state helps people who have difficulty with finding employment and other ethical problems such as the problem of discrimination, solidarity in the welfare state, the right to work and so on. It also shows the status of people with disabilities in the society and whether their rights are always respected in society.

Submitted by Lafaiete Santos Santiago (lafaiete.santiago@ucsal.br) on 2016-11-14T14:05:33Z No. of bitstreams: 1 COUTO ACBM-UCSAL.pdf: 921607 bytes, checksum: 3637bbec9fe47774a5f3e32fe3d768d6 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rosemary Magalhães (rosemary.magalhaes@ucsal.br) on 2017-01-13T14:03:55Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 COUTO ACBM-UCSAL.pdf: 921607 bytes, checksum: 3637bbec9fe47774a5f3e32fe3d768d6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-13T14:03:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 COUTO ACBM-UCSAL.pdf: 921607 bytes, checksum: 3637bbec9fe47774a5f3e32fe3d768d6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-07-30 / O presente trabalho aborda a participação da família no processo de inclusão das pessoas com deficiência. Apresenta a trajetória das pessoas com deficiência sempre permeada de preconceitos e discriminações inclusive dentro da própria família. Esclarecemos que incapacidade e deficiência não são necessariamente sinônimos e quase sempre uma pessoa deficiente é capaz de exercer suas atividades e desempenhar seu trabalho em busca da sua sobrevivência. A inclusão social das pessoas com deficiência está acompanhada de uma série de questões relevantes, abordadas neste trabalho, que devem ser enfrentadas pelas famílias, pelo Estado e por toda a sociedade. Defende-se uma participação efetiva da família no sentido de aceitar a pessoa com deficiência com suas limitações e orientá-las no sentido de vencer os inúmeros obstáculos impostos pela deficiência seja através de ações próprias ou buscando apoio em diversas entidades como, por exemplo, a APAE e o Projeto Incluir. As pessoas com deficiência necessitam estar inseridas no mercado de trabalho para terem sua dignidade respeitada, uma vez que o trabalho possui extrema importância na vida das pessoas para sobreviverem, exercerem suas atividades de forma digna e completa e se sentirem bem e autoconfiantes perante o mundo em que vivemos. A questão da acessibilidade encontra-se intrinsecamente ligada ao tema uma vez que se torna fundamental eliminar as barreiras de acessibilidade em diversos âmbitos, dentre eles o no ambiente de trabalho e familiar. Destacamos também o importante papel desempenhado pelo Ministério Público do Trabalho na fiscalização da contratação das pessoas deficientes pelas empresas e órgãos. / This paper discusses the participation of the family in the process of inclusion of people with disabilities. Shows the trajectory of the disabled always permeated with prejudice and discrimination even within their own family. We clarify that disability and disability are not necessarily synonymous and almost always a disabled person is able to perform their activities and perform their work in search of survival. The social inclusion of people with disabilities is accompanied by a number of relevant issues raised in this paper that must be faced by households, by state and by society at large. Defends itself an effective participation of the family in order to accept the disabled person with their limitations and direct them towards overcoming numerous obstacles imposed by the disability either through own actions or seeking support for various entities such as, for example, APAE and the include project. People with disabilities need to be involved in the labor market to have their dignity respected, once the work is extremely relevant in people's lives to survive, perform their activities in a dignified and completely and feel good and confident before the world which we live. The issue of accessibility is intrinsically linked to the theme since it becomes essential to remove barriers to accessibility in various areas, including in the work and home environment. We also highlight the important role played by the ministry of labor in overseeing the hiring of disabled persons by companies and agencies.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:27:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DelianyVAM_DISSERT.pdf: 6741319 bytes, checksum: 48e0309e5b76ef9c64df5567da43287d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-05-29 / With a focus on the need for effectiveness of fundamental rights of persons with disabilities, this dissertation held a scientific research to analyze the degree of implementation of reservation of positions and public jobs to people with disabilities in the Brazilian State, because the 1988 Federal Constitution expressly determined such a reservation in your article 37, VIII. Highlight that this subject is enough evidence, given the large number of open public competition in recent years in Brazil, as well as recent proposals to grant equal rights to blacks (Bill n? 6,738/2013). In addition, the wording the constitutional device comes fomenting heated discussions on the subject, which are flowing on the doors of the judiciary and are spicy because such protection Microsystem vulnerable group has several gaps in the regulation of this policy. However, the research produced, unlike other related theme, does not address the problem of inefficiency in its constitutional theory, that is, abstractly, but also focuses on a specific analysis of this ineffectiveness within Brazilian society, so that research based on a bibliographical analysis, plus a study case law, at the national level, as well as in field research, while case study, focusing on the technique of the analysis of everyday life, because it was believed that the degree of realization of the constitutional norm debated is not yet a satisfactory degree of effectiveness. Soon, the methodological procedures chosen confirmed such a hypothesis and contributed to the study of realization of the fundamental right to work of people with disabilities in Brazil, the light of a Constitutional State, proposing a constitutionally appropriate model the greater effectiveness of the constitutional norm studied / Com foco na necessidade de efetiva??o dos direitos fundamentais das pessoas com defici?ncia, a presente disserta??o realizou uma pesquisa cient?fica para analisar o grau de concretiza??o da reserva de cargos e empregos p?blicos a pessoas com defici?ncia no Estado brasileiro, uma vez que a Constitui??o Federal de 1988 expressamente determinou tal reserva em seu art. 37, VIII. Ressalte-se que essa tem?tica encontra-se em bastante evid?ncia, haja vista o grande n?mero de concurso p?blicos abertos nos ?ltimos anos no Brasil, bem como as recentes propostas para conceder igual direito aos negros (Projeto de Lei n? 6.738/2013). Al?m disso, a reda??o dada ao dispositivo constitucional vem fomentando acirradas discuss?es sobre a mat?ria, que est?o desaguando nas portas do Poder Judici?rio e encontram-se apimentadas pelo fato do microssistema de prote??o a tal grupo vulner?vel possui v?rias lacunas na regulamenta??o dessa pol?tica. Todavia, a pesquisa produzida, diferentemente de outras de tema correlato, n?o aborda o problema da inefic?cia constitucional apenas em sua teoria, isto ?, abstratamente, mas tamb?m enfoca uma an?lise concreta desta inefic?cia no seio da sociedade brasileira, por isso a referida pesquisa se pauta numa an?lise bibliogr?fica, acrescida de um estudo jurisprudencial, em ?mbito nacional, assim como numa pesquisa de campo, enquanto estudo de caso, enfocando a t?cnica da an?lise do cotidiano, pois se acreditava que o grau de concretiza??o da norma constitucional debatida ainda n?o se encontra num grau satisfat?rio de efetiva??o. Logo, os procedimentos metodol?gicos escolhidos confirmaram tal hip?tese e contribuiu para o estudo da concretiza??o do direito fundamental ao trabalho das pessoas portadoras de defici?ncia no Brasil, a luz de um Estado Constitucional, propondo um modelo constitucionalmente adequado a maior efic?cia da norma constitucional estudada

The study is critically analysing the current legal framework in Malawi in so far as the right to equality and non-discrimination in the work place and the right to work for people with physical disabilities (PWPDs) is concerned. The paper will assess whether Malawi’s legal framework effectively protects the right to equality and non-discrimination in the work place for PWPDs in conformity with international standards. Finally, the paper will, in the event that Malawi’s legal framework does not conform to international standards, offer suggestions on how it can be reformed to comply with international standards, especially the Convention on the Rights of People With Disabilities / Thesis (LLM (Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa)) -- University of Pretoria, 2008. / A Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Law University of Pretoria, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Masters of Law (LLM in Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa). Prepared under the supervision of Prof Michelo Hansungule of the Centre of Human Rights, Faculty of Law, University of Pretoria / http://www.chr.up.ac.za/ / Centre for Human Rights / LLM

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-22T17:27:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tatiane Fer.pdf: 881292 bytes, checksum: a4177bfb221b02d28b4e5407edadbe72 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-09-30 / The Labor Law is an essential social right, assured by the Legal Order, as it is established in the Chapter II, Title II, of the Federal Constitution of 1988 (BRASIL, 1988). Furthermore, the social value of work is among the basics of the Federative Republic of Brazil. As an essential social right, it is guaranteed to all, in which any form of arbitrary discrimination is forbidden. Concerning handicapped people, the subsection XXXI, of the 7th article, of the Carta Maior, expressly forbids the discrimination concerning income and admission of these people. However, historical records show that handicapped people have faced discriminatory conducts which, considering the stigma that they do not have the conditions to perform a laboring activity successfully, and making their access to the labor market much more difficult. Thus, considering that the Labor Law is an essential right which should be materialized to all, regardless of peculiarities that each human being may present, we aimed to carry out a study on the right to work for handicapped people, based on the constitutional consolidation of the right of reserving places for these people in examinations for the provision of public positions. With the present work, we have also aimed to study the existing impasse between the legal protection granted to handicapped people for the access to public positions and jobs and the principles which rule the public administration, taking into consideration that, nevertheless the placed right, our courts have faced a considerable number of demands which discuss the right of participation of such people in the public examinations. Therefore, we aimed to check through judgments rendered by the Court of Justice of the State of Rio Grande do Sul, by the Federal Court of Appeals from the 4th Region, as well as Supreme Court of Justice and the Federal Supreme Court, what are the main obstacles faced by this segment for the materialization of the right to access to public positions, with the purpose of contributing with the expansion of insertion of these workers in the public service. So, it experienced the refusal of the registrations of handicapped people in public examinations, when the anomaly of the candidate was not in the list of those diseases legally considered for the purpose of an inclusive policy; with the refusal of registration of handicapped people in cases in which, due to the anomaly, they are not considered apt to perform the position which they intended to apply for, as well as the absence of appointment of those candidates approved due to being set aside or, still, when considered inapt to perform the positions to which they applied for. These are the main issues we aimed to approach and which led to the proposal of the present work, with the intention to contribute for the insertion of such workers in the public service / O Direito do Trabalho é um direito social fundamental, assegurado pela Ordem Jurídica, pois é previsto no Capítulo II, do Título II, da Constituição Federal de 1988 (BRASIL, 1988). Ademais, o valor social do trabalho figura entre os fundamentos da República Federativa do Brasil. Como direito social fundamental é garantido a todos, sendo vedada qualquer forma de discriminação arbitrária. No que diz respeito às pessoas com deficiência, o inciso XXXI, do artigo 7º, da Carta Maior, expressamente veda a discriminação no tocante ao salário e à admissão dessas pessoas. Entretanto, registros históricos demonstram que as pessoas com deficiência têm-se deparado com condutas discriminatórias que, a partir do estigma de que não possuem condições de exercer uma atividade laboral exitosa, obstaculizam o acesso desses cidadãos ao mercado de trabalho. Assim, considerando-se que o Direito do Trabalho é um direito fundamental que deve ser concretizado a todos, independentemente das peculiaridades que cada ser humano pode apresentar, pretendeu-se realizar um estudo sobre o direito das pessoas com deficiência ao trabalho, com base na consagração constitucional do direito de reserva de vagas à categoria nos concursos para o provimento de cargos públicos. Com o presente trabalho, objetivou-se, igualmente, estudar o impasse existente entre a proteção jurídica conferida aos deficientes para o acesso aos cargos e empregos públicos e os princípios que regem a administração pública, levando-se em conta que, não obstante o direito posto, nossos pretórios têm-se defrontado com um grande número de demandas que discutem o direito de participação de tais pessoas nos concursos públicos. Destarte, buscou-se verificar, através dos julgamentos proferidos pelo Tribunal de Justiça do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, pelo Tribunal Regional Federal da 4ª Região, bem como através do Superior Tribunal de Justiça e do Supremo Tribunal Federal, quais os principais obstáculos enfrentados por esse segmento para a concretização do direito de acesso aos cargos públicos. Assim, deparou-se com o indeferimento das inscrições das pessoas com deficiência nos concursos públicos, quando a anomalia do candidato não estava prevista no rol daquelas doenças legalmente consideradas para o fim da política inclusiva; com o indeferimento das inscrições das pessoas com deficiência nas hipóteses em que, em razão da anomalia, não são consideradas aptas para o desempenho da função do cargo para o qual pretendiam concorrer à vaga, bem como com a falta de nomeação dos candidatos aprovados por serem preteridos ou, ainda, quando considerados inaptos para o desempenho das funções do cargo para o qual concorreram. Essas são as questões centrais que se pretendeu abordar e que levaram à propositura do presente trabalho, com o propósito de contribuir para a ampliação da inserção destes trabalhadores no serviço público

Submitted by JOSIANE SANTOS DE OLIVEIRA (josianeso) on 2017-11-14T13:39:20Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Luana Caspari_.pdf: 1089712 bytes, checksum: fce341fc667756ba330c5bafd79a5871 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-14T13:39:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Luana Caspari_.pdf: 1089712 bytes, checksum: fce341fc667756ba330c5bafd79a5871 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-09-01 / Nenhuma / Os direitos de segunda dimensão, especialmente os direitos dos trabalhadores, foram conquistados com o passar dos anos por meio de incessantes e reiteradas lutas da classe trabalhadora. Esses direitos foram aos poucos sendo constitucionalizados e hoje estão consagrados como direitos fundamentais na Constituição Federal da República. O direito de acesso ao trabalho constitui-se em instrumento de realização do princípio da dignidade da pessoa humana, o qual fundamenta todo o ordenamento jurídico. A Constituição Federal de 1988 elencou o princípio da dignidade da pessoa humana, os valores sociais do trabalho e a livre iniciativa entre os fundamentos da República, o que denota a sua importância. A dignidade, sob essa análise, não pode ser realizada sem que haja o reconhecimento do trabalho e do seu valor social. A livre iniciativa, por sua vez, somente é devidamente exercida, de acordo com a função social almejada, quando observada a dignidade da pessoa humana e quando de acordo com o valor social do trabalho. O trabalho é fundamental para assegurar as condições materiais do viver do próprio trabalhador, de sua família e de toda a comunidade a quem é endereçada a produção de bens e serviços resultantes do trabalho humano. Assim, os contratos laborais devem primar pela proteção e pela continuidade das relações de trabalho para que atinjam, efetivamente, a sua função social. Nesse contexto, o rompimento do contrato de trabalho por meio de despedida arbitrária ou sem justa causa é completamente incompatível com o direito constitucional fundamental ao trabalho, motivo pelo qual o poder diretivo do empregador deve ser limitado para que as despedidas unilaterais somente possam ser efetivadas mediante justificativa plausível para tanto. / Rights of second dimension, especially workers' rights, have been won over the years through relentless and repeated struggles of the working class. These rights were slowly being constitutionalised and today are enshrined as fundamental rights in the Federal Constitution of the Republic. The right of access to work constitutes an instrument for the realization of the principle of the dignity of the human person, which underlies the entire legal system. The Federal Constitution of 1988 listed the principle of the dignity of the human person, the social values of work and free initiative among the foundations of the Republic, which denotes its importance. Dignity, under this analysis, can not be realized without the recognition of work and its social value. The free initiative, in turn, is only properly exercised, according to the social function sought, when observed the dignity of the human person and when in accordance with the social value of work. Work is fundamental to ensure the material conditions of the living of the worker himself, his family and the entire community to which the production of goods and services resulting from human labor is addressed. Thus, labor contracts must be based on the protection and continuity of labor relations in order to effectively achieve their social function. In this context, disruption of the employment contract by means of arbitrary or unjustified dismissal is completely incompatible with the fundamental constitutional right to work, which is why the employer's executive power must be limited so that unilateral dismissals can only be effected through Justification plausible for both.

中醫按摩源起於遠古時代，早於殷商甲骨文卽有按摩輔助人員之記載，春秋戰國名醫扁鵲併用弟子按摩搶救瀕死患者，戰國秦漢時期《黃帝內經》並以「按龜之法」作為按摩從業人員考覈取材標準，唐朝太醫署按摩科設立官方按摩博士及助理制度；說明中醫按摩法制早已完備。雖自明朝起「按摩」始有「推拿」之稱，清朝並分為十二流派，但按摩推拿法制仍能綿衍不絕。 　　然正當亞洲各國紛紛建立中醫推拿業務法制並重視第三醫學之際，我國行政主管機關卻仍在原地踏步、裹足不前。造成「真正從事中醫推拿助理業務者，無正規學歷與證照考覈管理制度；真正合法醫事人員，卻不從事中醫推拿助理業務且無相關法律配套」之窘境。 綜觀我國憲法、大法官解釋及相關法律規範，並未明文限制人民從事中醫推拿助理之業務。故在就業平等原則下，人民當具有自由選擇為職業之工作權、具有平等接受就業服務及不受歧視之就業與執業機會平等。且各種療法(包括民俗療法)皆存在著風險，甚至已關乎人命問題；是以不論各種療法之風險高低，均應有在職訓練及證照考覈制度管制、相關從業人員身份立法，不應有差別待遇或階級區分。依釋字第666號葉百修大法官協同意見書解釋之精神觀之，行政主管機關應有效提出配套措施、在職訓練及證照考覈制度，實不得以中醫推拿助理所執行之業務非正統醫療、有害社會或不具社會價值為理由，禁止其特定業務活動，使人民得從事該活動之自由『排除於職業自由的保障範圍之外』，藉此淘空憲法所保障中醫推拿助理之工作權。 據此，本論文蒐集歸納歷代與當代中醫按摩推拿歷史及法制文獻；比較當前亞洲國家推拿業務法制與英德日中職業證照制度；分析憲法及現行法秩序下，中醫推拿助理職業自由之保障與限制；並從歷年法院相關實務見解、衛生署行政函釋爭議、立法院質詢改革要點，彙整並比較當前司法、行政及立法機關之見解與措施，並對利弊得失作出評析。最後，提出個人自擬「中醫推拿技術士考覈與管理辦法草案」、「中醫推拿師法草案」及短中長期具體建議，作為未來中醫推拿法制與助理考覈管理改革之重要參考方針。 關鍵字：中醫推拿助理、工作權、職業自由、證照考覈制度 / The Chinese massage originated in ancient times. At the Shang dynasty, the oracle- bone scriptures had already recorded a number of massage assistance personnel . At the Eastern Zhou dynasty, a famous country Chinese herb doctor "pian-chiueh" who rescued the dying with massage therapy by disciples . At the Warring States Period and Qin-Han dynasties , " Laws of pressing the turtle " as the massage employee's standard examination had already described by "Huangdi Neijing(Yellow Emperor's Canon of Medicine)". At the Tang dynasty , imperial government established the official massage doctor and assistant systems . So that Chinese massage system had long been a complete system since then . Althrough "massage" started "tueinar" of call since Ming dynasty, and which divided into twelve divisions at Qing dynasty; the systems of Chinese massage could be still transmitted for ever and ever. However, many Asian countries have established legitimate Chinese massage systems and paid much attention to the third medical science in succession ; but administrative organizations in our country still have hesitated whether to move forward or not.Therefore, those embarrassing situations caused a great deal of trouble to us that" those who engaged in Chinese massage assistants with no formal qualifications and licence examination systems; and those who engaged in legitimate medical personnel with no legal standards of Chinese massage". Taking a comprehensive view of our country Constitution , J .Y . interpretations and related laws,which don't explicitly limit any people engaged in traditional Chinese massage assistants. Therefore , under the principle of equality in employment , people have freely choice of jobs for the right to work as a career;whom have equal acceptance of employment service and free from discrimination of jobs. Various therapies(including folk remedies) all exist risks which even have been already close to human life problems. Based on a variety of treatments regardless of the level of risk,one should have job training, evaluation licence examination systems,the relevant legislation as employees;but should not be discrimination or class distinction. According to the coordination view of J .Y. interpretation NO. 666 by the Honorable Justice Pai- Hsiu Yeh , administrative organizations should put effective integration of on-the-job training and licence examination for Chinese massage assistants ; then those shouldn't forbid their particular business activity in which guaranteed by the Constitution by reason of non-medical, harmful or valueless to the society. Accordingly, this thesis summarized collection of ancient and contemporary history of Chinese massage and legal documents; compared the massage systems in a few Asian countries and occupational licence systems in England , Germany , Japan and China ; analyzed under the Constitution and existing legislation in order to comprehend guarantee and restriction of occupational freedoms for Chinese massage assistants . In addition , it made assessment of the advantages and disadvantages about the related views of judicial , executive and legislature's organs till now. Finally, it proposed the personal draft plans " ordinance draft for Chinese massage technician 's assessment and management " , " law draft for the Chinese massagist " and the short , medium , long term recommendations as important reform references for policy in the future. Key words : Chinese massage assistant , Right to work, Freedom of occupation , Licence examination system

After presenting the evolution of labor stability law in Peru, public and private scopes of the right to work are described allowing the Constitutional Court redefine dismissal regime (working stability of exit), in general, and specifying temporary recruitment regime (working stability of entry). Redefinition of dismissal legal framework is analyzed from constitutional and judicial case law stressing solved and pending issues. / Tras presentar la evolución del derecho de estabilidad laboral en el Perú, se precisan los alcances públicos y privados del derecho al trabajo, que permitieron al Tribunal Constitucional redefinir el régimen del despido (estabilidad laboral de salida), en general, y comenzar a precisar el régimen de contratación temporal (estabilidad laboral de entrada). Se analiza la redefinición del marco jurídico del despido a partir de la jurisprudencia constitucional y judicial, poniendo en relieve los temas resueltos y los pendientes.