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Ecologia e similaridade de Orchidaceae em um trecho da Serra da Mantiqueira na Zona da Mata de Minas Gerais, BrasilAbreu, Narjara Lopes de 11 March 2010 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2010-03-11 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Neste trabalho, é apresentada a lista de espécies de Orchidaceae da Serra Negra/Serra do Funil
(SN/SF), associada à distribuição das espécies ao longo do gradiente altitudinal e ao mosaico
de ambientes encontrados na área. A flora de Orchidaceae da SN/SF, também é investigada
sob aspectos das relações florísticas com 29 localidades nos estados da região Sudeste do
Brasil, Bahia, Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul e Distrito Federal. A área de estudo está inserida no
complexo de serras da Mantiqueira, na Zona de Mata de Minas Gerais, local muito
interessante biologicamente. Foram realizadas sete expedições à área, sendo os espécimes
depositados no herbário CESJ. O gradiente altitudinal foi dividido em oito classes com 100m
de amplitude. As fisionomias foram definidas informalmente como interior de mata, campo,
área de transição campo-mata e área degradada. As informações do habitat e altitude de
ocorrência dos espécimes foram obtidas in situ, ou retiradas do seu rótulo de herbário. Através do teste qui-quadrado (χ2), foi testada a associação entre as categorias de preferência por
substrato e as classes altitudinais. Para analisar a similaridade florística entre as 29
localidades, utilizou-se o coeficiente de Sørensen, o algoritmo UPGMA e 5000 replicações de
bootstrap. O teste de Mantel foi utilizado para testar a correlação entre a distância geográfica
e a similaridade florística. Foram registradas 109 espécies de orquídeas, em maioria (51%)
epífitas. Os microhabitats encontrados nos interiores das matas e nas regiões de campo
resguardam as maiores riquezas, bem como muitas espécies exclusivas, reforçando a
importância dos mesmos, na conservação das orquídeas. As classes 900-1000m, 1301-1400m
e 1501-1600m, concentram a maior riqueza de espécies, fato atribuído ao grau de conservação
da vegetação e também às suas características ambientais, como umidade e heterogeneidade de habitats. O teste χ2 mostrou não existir associação entre as categorias de preferência por
substrato (terrícola e epífita) e as classes de altitude. A análise de agrupamento mostrou alta
significância estatística, e índices de similaridade baixos, exceto para os grupos formados por
Serra Negra/ Serra do Funil + Parque Estadual do Ibitipoca e Parque Estadual da Ilha do
Cardoso + Estação Ecológica Juréia-Itatins. A característica mais visível nos grupos
representados no dendrograma é o agrupamento das áreas com alguma semelhança ambiental.
A SN/SF mostrou-se mais similar a outras áreas de campo rupestre sob influência da Mata
Atlântica, e também está associada ao Parque Nacional do Itatiaia e a Reserva Biológica de
Macaé de Cima, com cerca de 56% de espécies compartilhadas, sugerindo sua posição como
corredor florístico, entre as serras do Itatiaia e do Ibitipoca. As regiões de campos rupestres
foram destacadas no dendrograma, em termos particularidades florísticas. O teste de Mantel
revelou não haver associação entre a similaridade florística e as distâncias geográficas entre as
áreas. Para a definição dos fatores bióticos e abióticos que determinam a similaridade
florística são sugeridos estudos posteriores, utilizando outros métodos multivariados,
juntamente a estudos biogeográficos. / The presente work aims to present a species list of Orchidaceae associated to an assessment of
distributional patterns along an altitudinal gradient and a correlation with habitats mosaics at
SerraNegra/Serra do Funil (SN/SF). The present study also aimed to investigate the floristic
similarities of Orchidaceae from SerraNegra/Serra do Funil (Rio Preto County, Minas Gerais
State, Brazil) with 29 floras from sites in Southeastern Brazil, Distrito Federal, Bahia, Paraná,
and Rio Grande do Sul States. Those mountains are located in Southern Mantiqueira Range,
at Minas Gerais State, an very interesting biological site. Field work consisted on seven
expedition. Collections are deposited at CESJ. The altitudinal gradient was divided in classes
of 100m. The phytophysiognomies were defined informally, as underforest, Field, transitional
área and degraded área. Habitat and elevation data were obtained in situ or taken from plant
labels. The associations between preferred substrate and altitudinal classes were tested by
Chi-Square test. The cluster analyses used UPGMA algorithm based on Sorensen coefficient.
The clusters’ support was tested by bootstrap analyses with 5000 replications. The Mantel
Test was applied to evaluate the relation between the floristic similarity and the geographical
distance. There were registered 109 species of Orchidaceae. The epifitic species represent
51% of the richness. The species are distributed in the interior of the forests and also along the
open fields. Most of them were exclusive of those habitats. The altidutinal classes with
highest richness (900-1000m, 1301-1400m e 1501-1600m) were the most preserved areas at
the study site and their environmental and phytophysionomic heterogeneity should justify that
richness. The Chi-Square Test showed no association between life forms (terrestrial and
epifitic) and altitudinal classes. The result of the cluster analyses was statistically significant,
and were found low similarity indices, exceptions are the clusters composed by Serra
Negra/Serra do Funil + Parque Estadual do Ibitipoca and Parque Estadual da Ilha do
Cardoso+Estação Ecológica Juréia-Itatins. The most relevant result was that clusters grouped
sites environmental similar. The studied area (SN/SF) showed to be more related to other sites
of open rocky grasslands under the influence of the Atlantic Forest. The SN/SF also showed
similarity with Parque Nacional do Itatiaia and Reserva Biológica de Macaé de Cima, sharing
approximately 56% of the Orchidaceae species, they are suggesting that SN/SF should be
considered a floristic corridor between sites in Serra da Mantiqueira. The sites open rocky
grasslands were highlight due their special floristics features. The Mantel test revealed no
association between the floristic similarity and the geographical distance of the areas. The
questions remain opened in relation to what factors are influencing the diversity and the
distributional patterns of Orchidaceae, then other ordination tests ordination, including
abundancy and environmental data should be applied.
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Macrofauna associada à comunidade Bostrychietum em diferentes ambientes no litoral norte de São Paulo / Macrofauna associated with Bostrychietum community in different environments on the northern coast of São PauloGarcia, Abel Furlan, 1984- 23 August 2018 (has links)
Orientador: Fosca Pedini Pereira Leite / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-23T22:36:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
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Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: As algas do gênero Bostrychia, juntamente com outras algas, formam uma comunidade que está presente nos costões, bem como associadas com pneumatóforos nos manguezais. Sua estrutura complexa propicia a retenção de sedimento, água e matéria orgânica, bem como um mosaico de algas que varia temporalmente e, formando microhabitats que são refúgios para a fauna. O objetivo deste estudo é analisar a distribuição da fauna associada à comunidade de algas Bostrychietum e os fatores que influenciam a sua distribuição. Foram amostrados dois costões rochosos e uma área de manguezal no litoral norte do Estado de São Paulo. Nestes locais, foram realizadas quatro coletas durante o ano de 2012, sendo obtidas amostras para a identificação da fauna associada e para a análise de fatores ambientais (teor de matéria orgânica e granulometria do sedimento). O peso da amostra (peso seco da alga + do sedimento) foi usado para o cálculo da densidade de indivíduos. A composição das algas variou nos meses amostrados em todos os locais. Amostras do mesolitoral apresentaram mais espécies de algas associadas que as do supralitoral. Tal fato influenciou a distribuição da macrofauna, uma vez que a diversidade diminuiu nas amostras com menos espécies de algas. Os moluscos e anfípodes onívoros foram abundantes em todas as amostras, sendo os anfípodes Hyalidae dominantes. A interação entre as variações sazonais das algas da comunidade e o hidrodinamismo modula a distribuição da macrofauna nos costões. No manguezal, os pneumatóforos mais próximos da água apresentaram diferenças com relação às amostras do interior do mangue quanto à composição de algas e da fauna associada. O Bostrychietum é, portanto um microecossistema com vários fatores modulando as interações entre as espécies, sendo necessárias maiores investigações das relações existentes entre as espécies e os fatores ambientais atuantes / Abstract: The algae of the genus Bostrychia together with other algae form a community present in rocky shores as well as associated to pneumatophoresin mangroves. Both their complex structure with ramifications which provide sediment, water and organic matter retention and the algae mosaic that varies seasonally foster microhabitats which are refuges for the fauna during low tide periods. The aim of this study was to evaluate the distribution of fauna associated wih algal community Bostrychietum and the factors that influence their distribution.Two rocky shores and one mangrove area in the Northern shore of São Paulo State were sampled. In these sites four samplings were made during the year of 2012: samples were collected for the identification of the associated fauna and for the analysis of environmental factors (organic matter content and sediment grain size). The weight of the sample (alga dry weight + sediment dry weight) was used to calculate the density of individuals. The algal composition varied through the sampled months as well as in relation to distance from the sea. Samples located in the mesolittotal presented more algal species associated. Such fact influenced macrofauna distribution since diversity was lower for samples containing less algal species. Omnivore mollusks and amphipods were abundant in all samples, Hyalidae amphipods being dominant.The interaction between seasonal variations of the algae in the community and the hydrodynamics modulates the distribution of macrofauna on the rocky shores. In the mangroves, those pneumatophores closer to the water presented diferences in relation to the composition of algae and associated fauna compared to samples from inner parts of the mangrove. Thus, Bostrychietum is a microecosystem with many factors modulating the interactions between species, making further investigation on the existing relationships between species and the operating environmental factors necessary / Mestrado / Ecologia / Mestre em Ecologia
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Taxonomia, palinologia e anatomia de Wunderlichia, Asteraceae / Taxomony, anatomy and, palinology of Wunderlichia, AsteraceaeSouza-Buturi, Fatima Otavina de, 1972- 11 August 2013 (has links)
Orientadores: João Semir, Rosangela Simão Bianchini / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T00:49:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
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Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: O resumo poderá ser visualizado no texto completo da tese digital / Abstract: The complete abstract is available with the full electronic document / Doutorado / Biologia Vegetal / Doutora em Biologia Vegetal
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Crested Butte: the Paradox of ParadiseScott, Amber 01 January 2017 (has links)
I have attempted to denaturalize and historicize tourism in Crested Butte as an economic, social, and physical phenomenon that fits into the broader histories of Colorado and the West, as well as the broader histories and realities of travel and tourism. Why do people seek out certain places and experiences in the name of pleasure? How did these activities and spaces come to qualify as desirable? What about people who fall outside temporally limited definitions of tourist, such as those who come to Crested Butte for only a season or a year, or second homeowners who stay for months at a time, or, really, any resident? All these people value the place and their experiences in the exact same ways, influenced by the same physical and psychic constructions of desirability. These current constructions are informed by a long history of evolving tastes and interests, the products of converging local, national, and international dynamics. In tracing a history of tourism and especially tourism in the West, I used a variety of secondary sources authored by scholars of tourism, the West, and Colorado. In charting a history of Crested Butte, I utilized archived local newspapers. I spoke to a number of current Crested Butte residents to understand how Crested Butte locals view themselves, their community, their lifestyles, and their town.
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Arqueoturismo e arte rupestre no semi-árido sergipano: uma análise sob o viés da sustentabilidadeSantos, Jenilton Ferreira 10 January 2007 (has links)
The development of the archaeological research in Brazil has been showing a rich cultural patrimony. In northern, specifically, the rocky art sites have started to be aim of a disordered touristy exploration, inducing impacts to the cultural patrimony. The archaeotouristical enterprise structured to offer to the tourist a perfect apprehending of the archaeological information and make possible the conservation of the their mines are exceptional. However, this study aim to analysis the trails of touristy exploration of the rocky art sites of the Mundo Novo farm, in Canindé do São Francisco/SE, focusing the
structuring process, socioeconomic aspects of the enterprise and the state of conservation of the rocky art. The research was instrumented through analyze of the structuring process by Xingó Archaeology Museum, of the interviews and of the observation and monitoring
of the degradation agents in field. About socioeconomic aspects, the archaeotourism has been enterprised in Mundo Novo farm was not planned to unchain the involvement of the community work, disabling the creation of strategic projects of environmental and
patrimonial education, not constituting like this an opportunity of generation of local development. The structures constructed to access the sites have serious problems of conservation and were not consolidated, for this reason they are not serve to the minimum functional principles. All that state of conservation of the rocky art, was possible detect and delimit in the pictures several mechanisms of degradation. The interferences detected in the sites are predominantly naturals, with prominence to the problems connected with the erosion of the rocky support. Although, about the action of the termites was possible check that the antrophic action aggravate the problem, proliferate it in areas of the archaeological
site. In front of results of this research, we believe that the circuit of the visiting made to the Mundo Novo farm needs to be re-structured, furthermore heal the problems that are unchaining the degradation of the archeological sites. / O desenvolvimento das pesquisas arqueológicas no Brasil tem revelado um rico acervo cultural. No nordeste, especificamente, os sítios de arte rupestre começaram a ser alvo de uma exploração turística desordenada, causando impactos ao patrimônio cultural. São raros
os empreendimentos arqueoturísticos estruturados de forma a oferecer ao turista uma perfeita apreensão das informações arqueológicas e possibilitar a conservação das suas jazidas. Neste sentido, o presente estudo pretende analisar as trilhas de exploração turística
dos sítios de arte rupestre da fazenda Mundo Novo, em Canindé do São Francisco/SE, enfocando o processo de estruturação, aspectos socioeconômicos do empreendimento e o estado de conservação da arte rupestre. A pesquisa foi instrumentalizada através da análise do projeto de estruturação elaborado pelo Museu de Arqueologia de Xingó, de entrevistas e
de observação e monitoramento dos agentes de degradação em campo No que se refere aos aspectos socioeconômicos, o arqueoturismo empreendido na fazenda Mundo Novo não foi planejado para desencadear o envolvimento de mão - de - obra da comunidade, impossibilitando a criação de projetos estratégicos de educação ambiental e patrimonial,
não constituindo assim uma oportunidade de geração de desenvolvimento local. As estruturas construídas para acesso aos sítios possuem sérios problemas de conservação e foram consolidadas, de modo que não atendem aos princípios mínimos de funcionalidade.
Quanto ao estado de conservação da arte rupestre, foi possível detectar e delimitar nos painéis diversos mecanismos de degradação. As interferências detectadas nos sítios são predominantemente naturais, destacando-se os problemas relacionados com a
desestruturação do suporte rochoso. Contudo, acerca da atuação das térmitas foi possível aferir que a ação antrópica acentuou o problema, dando margem para sua proliferação em áreas do sítio arqueológico. Diante dos resultados desta pesquisa, acreditamos que o circuito de visitação elaborado para a Fazenda Mundo Novo necessita ser reestruturado, bem como sanados os problemas que estão desencadeando a degradação dos sítios arqueológicos.
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Estabelecimento de uma estação de monitoramento de longo prazo em habitat bentônico de substrato consolidado no litoral do Atlântico Sul: (Ecorregião Southeastern Brazil) / Long-term monitoring station establishment in consolidated substrate benthic habitat in the South Atlantic Coast (Southeastern Brazil Ecoregion)Bruno Lenhaverde Sandy 24 August 2017 (has links)
Projetos de monitoramento de longo prazo estão sendo desenvolvidos internacionalmente a fim de monitorar continuamente os impactos que as mudanças climáticas globais vêm gerando nas comunidades marinhas bentônicas, entretanto, no âmbito nacional, há uma carência desse tipo de estudo e dados para a costa brasileira. O objetivo do presente estudo foi a instalação de uma estação de monitoramento de longo prazo, bem como a caracterização da comunidade bentônica presente no médiolitoral do costão rochoso à direita da Enseada de Palmas, no Parque Estadual da Ilha Anchieta (Ubatuba, SP) seguindo as diretrizes do \"Protocolo de Médiolitoral para Monitoramento de Comunidades de Costão Rochoso\" da ReBentos (Rede de Monitoramento de Habitats Bentônicos Costeiros). As amostragens dependentes semestrais (n = 3) foram realizadas no período de um ano, compreendendo o inverno de 2014 e o verão de 2015, utilizando fotoquadrados de 10x10 cm na faixa superior e 25x25 cm nas faixas intermediária e inferior. A análise variância ANOVA two way para dados repetidos revelou variação sazonal na largura das faixas das unidades operacionais (UO) Tetraclita (39,1 cm) e Macroalgas (27 cm) e no recobrimento percentual médio (RPM) das UO Cianobactéria (12,6%) na faixa superior, T. stalactifera (16,6%), Espaço vazio (38,4%) e Algas Calcárias Articuladas (55,7%) na faixa intermediária. As análises multivariadas (Cluster, nMDS e PCA) revelaram alta similaridade para as faixas superior (80%) e inferior (85%) e baixa (65%) para a faixa intermediaria, indicando que as maiores diferenças entre verão e inverno foram encontradas nesta faixa. Como o médiolitoral apresenta UO bioindicadoras de monitoramento, como T. stalactifera, A. beauvoisii e Sargassum vulgare, e de variação sazonal, então eleva-se a importância da realização, integração e continuidade de projetos de monitoramento de longo prazo em costões rochosos a fim de gerar dados históricos ao longo do litoral brasileiro / The development of long-term monitoring projects around the world aims to monitor continuously the impacts that global environmental changes (GEC) have been causing in the benthic marine communities. However, nationally, there are few monitoring studies and data for the Brazilian coast. In this study, we aimed to install a long-term monitoring station and characterize the benthic community located in the intertidal zone of the rocky shore in the right of the Cove of Palmas at the Anchieta Island State Park (Ubatuba, São Paulo state). We intended to do that by following the guidelines of the \"Intertidal Protocol for the Monitoring of Rocky Shore Communities\" (Rocky Shores Working group, ReBentos). We studied the rocky shore for a year and collected the dependent samples every semester (n = 3), encompassing the winter of 2014 and the summer of 2015. We used photoquadrats in the intertidal zone (10x10 cm in the upper band and 25x25 cm in the intermediate and lower bands). Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) for repeated measures reveled seasonal variation in the bandwidth of Tetraclita (39,1 cm) and Macroalgae (27 cm) operational units (OU) and in the average percentage overlap for Cyanobacteria (12,6%) at upper band, T. stalactifera (16,6%), Empty space (38,4%) and Articulated Calcareous Algae (55,7%) at intermediate band. Multivariate analysis (Cluster, nMDS and PCA) revealed high similarity for upper (80%) and lower (85%) bands and low similarity for intermediate band (65%), suggesting major differences between summer and winter in the intermediate band. As the intertidal zone has monitoring bioindicators operational units, like T. stalactifera, A. beauvoisii and Sargassum vulgare, and seasonal variation, it is of great importance to implement, integrate and continue long-term monitoring projects in rocky shores in order to generate Brazilian coast historical data
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Free ASAP Rocky, ASAP : En diskursanalys av fallet ”ASAP Rocky” i svensk kvällspress / Free ASAP Rocky, ASAP : A discourse analysis of the case “ASAP Rocky” in Swedish tabloidsJurak, Emilie, Arslanovic, Aida January 2019 (has links)
The trial and verdict of Rakim Mayers, also known as ASAP Rocky, caused major media attention during the summer of 2019. The aim of this bachelor study was to examine how news journalism represented the case “ASAP Rocky” in Swedish tabloids. The research questions examined were: How does journalism portray the story of the victim and perpetrator in the case “ASAP Rocky” ? What are the differences and similarities in how victim and perpetrator are constructed? How does the story develop in Swedish tabloids during the case “ASAP Rocky”? We used Fairclough’s critical discourse analysis (CDA) to identify reoccurring discourses in the description of the case “ASAP Rocky”. By examining the characters, victim and perpetrator in Swedish tabloids, we found that there was no idealistic role portrayed in the case. Both the victim and the perpetrator were described as insufficient. One discursive theme was that the victim is inadequate since ASAP Rocky´s status as a celebrity provides him an advantage. This discourse is identified also in texts describing ASAP Rocky as a perpetrator. The study showed that the different discourses concern moral values in various contradictions, such as good - evil, right - wrong and “we” versus “them”. Our study shows that the discourses we found contributes to the creation of celebrities and the discourse that celebrities are unreachable. The conclusion of this study is that media contributes to the stereotype of celebrities.
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Negative effects of sedimentation on lithophilic spawning fish embryos and methods to potentially mitigate these effectsAlexander J Gatch (8045354) 29 November 2019 (has links)
<p>Natural and constructed rocky
reef habitats constitute important areas for lithophilic spawning fishes and
their embryonic and larval offspring. Interstitial spaces created by the
structure of rocky reefs create micro-environments where incubating embryos and
juvenile fishes are potentially protected from predators. However, if
interstitial spaces are filled or blocked by sediment deposition or biofouling,
the reef structure may lose the protective benefits for embryonic and larval fish
survival. Lake whitefish (<i>Coregonus clupeaformis</i>) and walleye (<i>Sander vitreus</i>) are native Great Lake
lithophilic broadcast spawning fish that use rocky spawning habitats that are
vulnerable to degradation caused by deposition of suspended sediments. To
restore degraded rocky reef habitat, common practices include addition of
material to existing reef structures or construction of new reefs, but both of
these practices can be costly and time intensive. In this study, we measured the
effect of different types and amounts of sediment cover on hatching success of walleye
eggs and assessed if differences in female walleye (female length and egg size)
account for tolerance to sediment cover. Additionally, we explored an
alternative approach for reef restoration, custodial maintenance, in which we
created two novel devices to potentially clean rocky reef habitat. We carried
out two laboratory experiments in 2018 and 2019 to test the effect of sediment
cover on hatching success of walleye eggs (2018) and to test how female
identity and female length or egg size may interact with sediment cover to
influence hatching success (2019). We exposed walleye eggs to instantaneous
sediment cover (0 mm – 7mm) of either sand (course) or silt (fine) sediments
from fertilization until day 15 of incubation. Our results indicated that walleye
eggs were sensitive to silt cover (71% mortality- 2 mm cover silt) but not sand
(47% mortality- 7mm cover sand). While there was an indication that hatching
success was marginally related to female length and egg size, we concluded that
sediment cover seemed to have similar effects on eggs, regardless of female
length or egg size. The susceptibility of walleye eggs to mortality caused by
sediment cover underscores the need for non-degraded spawning habitat. Our two
cleaning devices used either propulsion or pressurized water jets to clean
sediments from the rocky structure as they were towed behind a small vessel
(i.e., did not require the use of SCUBA divers). We used devices to clean two
natural rocky reefs in Saginaw Bay, Lake Huron in 2018 and 2019. We measured
relative hardness before and after use of devices on cleaned and uncleaned
study plots to determine effectiveness of devices. In addition, we measured egg
deposition by fall (lake whitefish) and spring (walleye) lithophilic spawners
on study plots to determine potential differences in fish usage of cleaned and
uncleaned areas. We found that cleaning devices contributed to changes in
relative hardness among study plots. Egg deposition was also variable on study
plots but in general, egg deposition was consistently highest on treatment plots
cleaned by our device that used propulsion. The practicality of cleaning
devices was seemingly related to the magnitude of degradation of rocky reefs,
nevertheless, our results show that the use of these or similar devices may
potentially increase egg deposition by creating areas of higher-quality
habitat. While more testing is necessary to fully understand the potential of
our reef cleaning devices, this two-year study suggests that these devices may
be capable of restoring degraded rocky spawning habitat which could potentially
minimize the negative effects associated with sediment degradation on
lithophilic spawning fish.</p>
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Elevational occurrence of the ticks Dermacentor Andersoni and Dermacentor Parumapertus in Utah County, UtahDespain, William J. 01 May 1968 (has links)
Considerable research on ticks has been done since it was discovered that the Rocky Mountain wood tick, Dermacentor andersoni Stiles, was a principal vector of Rocky Mountain spotted fevero Additional disease agents of man are also transmitted by D. andersoni. This tick and a closely related species, Dermacentor parumapertus Neuman, occur commonly in Utah. The two species are often closely associated, although D. andersoni is believed to occur in the mountains, whereas D. parumapertus is in the desert valleys. Diseases affecting animals in nature are transmitted by ticks of both species. Consequently, any interaction between the two may be influential in the maintenance of diseases in nature communicable to man and his domestic animals.
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When the flame goes out: an exploration of landscape change using repeat photography related to Indigenous burning in Kananaskis Country, AlbertaFrederickson, Maya 02 May 2022 (has links)
Fire exclusion has defined 20th century forestry practices in North America and produced many unintended consequences. In the Canadian Rocky Mountains, the removal of fire from the landscape caused significant landscape changes over the past century. Mountain forests are now more uniform in stand composition and structure, and understorey diversity is reduced. These changes mean that forests are now more susceptible to high-intensity, difficult-to-control wildfires. Re-introducing Indigenous led historical burning patterns modeled on traditional burning techniques can be a restoration technique for these highly altered ecosystems. Indigenous fire regimes that emphasized regular, low-intensity burning created forests that had less fuel build up and were not as susceptible to dangerous wildfires. In order to effectively re-introduce historical fire regimes onto the Canadian mountain landscapes, it is essential to understand the history of human management of landscapes with fire.
This project uses new methods of oblique image analysis that build on recent developments in oblique image analysis to examine the historical management of a portion of the traditional territory of the Stoney Nakoda Nation that overlaps present day Kananaskis Country in Alberta, Canada. While it is difficult to capture low-intensity Indigenous burns using traditional fire reconstruction methods, in-depth analysis of historical photos taken before the introduction of fire suppression laws may reveal new insights into historical fire regimes. Images were classified using machine learning software and compared to images classified by a human to verify the accuracy of the machine learning software. A case study of georeferencing images was also conducted, with the landcover estimates generated by georeferenced images compared to oblique estimates. Spatial signatures of Indigenous burning were identified and applied to repeat image sets to look for visual evidence of Indigenous burning on the landscape. The results from this study provide a useful starting point for further research into repeat photography and Indigenous burning. / Graduate
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