Resumo: O trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a influência de espaçamentos entre as linhas e densidades populacionais, em dois híbridos de milho, no desempenho agronômico da cultura com ênfase nos componentes de produção, produtividade e composição glicídica dos grãos. O experimento foi conduzido na safra 2006/2007, em condições de campo, em Latossolo Vermelho eutrófico típico, textura argilosa, A moderado, a 21°15'22"de latitude sul e longitude 48°18'58" WGr, em Jaboticabal - SP. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos ao acaso, compostos por 24 tratamentos, constituídos pela combinação de três espaçamentos entre as linhas (40, 60 e 80 cm) nas parcelas, dois híbridos (30K73 e 30F80) nas subparcelas, e quatro densidades populacionais (30, 50, 70 e 90 mil plantas ha-1) nas sub-subparcelas, com três repetições. As variáveis avaliadas foram: estatura de plantas, altura da 1ª espiga, n.º espigas por planta, diâmetro de colmo, acamamento e quebramento de plantas, n.º de grãos na 1ª espiga, massa de grãos na 1ª espiga, massa de mil grãos, produtividade de grãos e índice de colheita. Foram feitas análises químicas do grão para determinação do teor de sacarose, açucares redutores e amido. Verificou-se que a produtividade do milho aumentou com a redução do espaçamento entre as linhas de 80 para 40 cm, que o melhor arranjo de plantas, para os híbridos 30K73 e 30F80, nas condições de edafoclimáticas de Jaboticabal, é composto pela combinação de 40 cm de espaçamento entre as linhas e 75 e 80 mil plantas ha-1 de densidade populacional, respectivamente. Modificando o arranjo espacial de plantas de milho, a composição final de glicídios no grão não é alterada. / Abstract: The present work had the objective of evaluating the influence of row spacing and population densities, in two corn hybrids, on the agronomic performance of the culture with enface on production components and productivity. The experiment was carried out in the agricultural year of 2006/2007, under field conditions, in a Typical Haplustox , clay texture, at 21°15'22" South latitude and longitude 48°18'58" W, at Jaboticabal - SP, Brazil. The experimental design was a complete randomized block, in split split-plot scheme with 24 treatments, where the plots were composed by three row spacing (40, 60 e 80 cm), the split-plots by two contrastive hybrids (30K73 ND 30F80) and the split split-plots by four population densities (30, 50, 70, e 90 thousand plants per hectare), with three replications. The following variables were evaluated: plant height, first ear height, number of ear per plant, stem diameter, plant lodging and breakage, number of grains per ear, mass of grains per ear, mass of a thousand grains, grain yield and yield index. Furthermore, grain chemical analyses were done to determine the content of saccharose, redacting sugars and starch. It was verified that corn productivity rises with the reduction of row spacing from 80 to 40 cm, that the best plant arrangement, for the hybrids 30K73 and P0F80, under Jaboticabal environment conditions, is the combination of 40 cm row spacing and 75 and 80 thousand plants per hectare, respectively. Final grain glicidic composition is not altered by the spacial arrangements of corn plants. / Orientador: Domingos Fornasieri Filho / Coorientador: Jairo Osvaldo Cazetta / Banca: Aildson Pereira Duarte / Banca: Orivaldo Arf / Mestre

Background: During the last decade or so the century old bespoke tailors on Savile Row have become the epitome of luxury brands as far as menswear is concerned. At the same time, the different establishments on Savile Row have started to modernise themselves through various means to better fit into today’s fast paced retail-market. Aims of the research: The purpose of this research is to discover what factors have played part in keeping the founders of Savile Row, Henry Poole & Co., modern and relevant throughout the years. Methods: This research was conducted as a qualitative single case, case study. The data was gathered through semi-structured interviews with upper management and other available published sources and then analysed with the help of former research in relevant areas. Results: It was found that the brand of Henry Poole & Co. stayed true to their origins as a bespoke tailor and that modernising is something that has not been forced upon the company and brand but should more be seen as a continuous process where each new generation bring something new to the company. The company had adapted modern ways of communication such as social media and a responsive website and also incorporated step down line extensions, where they sell ready-to-wear and made-to-measure garments in China and Japan. This is a way to develop their brand into other segments but they still kept their original brand vision intact as being a pure bespoke tailor located on Savile Row and kept their different business operations on a distance. Contributions: This thesis has opened up doors to an area that has not had much interest from the academic world. It hopefully gives way for new research ideas, but it has also highlighted management tools and best practices that has contributed to the success of a more than two century old company.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the penetration of spray droplets and grain yield depending on the cultivar, on the arrangement of plants and the spray volume in three stages of soybean. For this two experiments they had been developed in the experimental area of the Department of Fitossanitária Defense of the Federal University of Maria/RS. In the first experiment was used the spacing of 45.0, 52.5 and 60.0 cm between the row and the population of 150,000, 250,000 and 350,000 plants ha-1, being evaluated to cultivate Fundacep 55 and in as the experiment were used will cultivate Fundacep 55 and BRS 243 RR was used the spacing of 30,0; 45,0 and 60,0 cm, kept sine the population in 250.000 plants ha- 1. The penetration of drops was evaluated in the V8 stage using the volumes of 75, 100 and 150 l ha-1 and in stages V14 and R3 using the volumes o 100, 150, 200, 250 and 300 l ha-1. The larger spacing and lower plant population of the greater penetration of drops, but the opposite occurs with yield. In cultivar BRS 243 received a higher number of drops which is also more productive when compared to cultivate Fundacep 55. The increase in the volume of spray increases the number of gotas cm-2, especially when the crop is in advanced stage (R3). / Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a penetração de gotas de pulverização e o rendimento de grãos em função da cultivar, do arranjo de plantas e volume de calda de soja em três estádios do ciclo da cultura. Para isso foram desenvolvidos dois experimentos na área experimental do Departamento de Defesa Fitossanitária da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria/RS. No primeiro experimento foram utilizados os espaçamentos de 45,0; 52,5 e 60,0 cm nas entre linhas e as populações de 150.000, 250.000 e 350.000 plantas ha-1, sendo avaliada a cultivar Fundacep 55 e no segundo experimento utilizou-se as cultivares Fundacep 55 e BRS 243 RR nos espaçamentos de 30,0; 45,0 e 60,0 cm, seno mantida a população em 250.000 plantas ha-1. A penetração de gotas foi avaliada nos estádios V8, quando utilizou-se os volumes de 75, 100 e 150 l ha-1 e nos estádios V14 e R3, quando foram utilizados os volumes de 100, 150, 200, 250 e 300 l ha-1. Quanto maior o espaçamento e menor população de plantas maior a penetração de gotas, porém o inverso ocorre com o rendimento de grãos. Na cultivar BRS 243 observou-se maior número de gotas sendo esta também mais produtiva em comparação a cultivar Fundacep 55. O incremento no volume de pulverização aumenta o número de gotas/cm2, especialmente quando a cultura encontra-se em estádio mais avançado (R3).

This thesis describes methods of secret communication based on latin squares and their close relative, quasigroups. Different types of cryptosystems are described, including ciphers, public-key cryptosystems, and cryptographic hash functions. There is also a chapter devoted to different secret sharing schemes based on latin squares. The primary objective is to present previously described cryptosystems and secret sharing schemes in a more accessible manner, but this text also defines two new ciphers based on isotopic latin squares and reconstructs a lost proof related to row-latin squares. / Denna uppsats beskriver kryptosystem och metoder för hemlighetsdelning baserade på latinska kvadrater och det närliggande konceptet kvasigrupper. Olika sorters chiffer, både symmetriska och asymmetriska, behandlas. Dessutom finns ett kapitel tillägnat kryptografiska hashfunktioner och ett tillägnat metoder för hemlighetsdelning. Huvudsyftet är att beskriva redan existerande metoder för hemlig kommunikation på ett mer lättillgängligt sätt och med nya exempel, men dessutom återskapas ett, till synes, förlorat bevis relaterat till rad-latinska kvadrater samt beskrivs två nya chiffer baserade på isotopa latinska kvadrater.

Le présent travail concerne principalement l'élaboration d'un nouveau ligand en l'occurrence le cyclen-hydrazone, luminescent et efficace pour une détection relativement sélective de l'ion d'intérêt biologique, Zn2+. La synthèse du groupement azaxanthone à greffer sur le cyclen a été décrite. A partir de ces ligands, la complexation de zinc, a été traitée dans le but de développer une sonde optique sélective pour les ions métalliques de la première série de transition. Une étude photophysique associée à un travail de modélisation théorique en solution a plus particulièrement montré la formation de deux nouveaux complexes de zinc. Finalement, le contrôle des conditions de déprotection par hydrazinolyse du cyclen-glyoxal-azaxanthone, a montré que le motif azaxanthone puisse être maintenu dans la conception de nouveaux complexant de métaux de la première série de transition. / This study deals with the development of a new ligand: the cyclen-hydrazone, luminescent and effective for a relatively selective detection of biological ion, Zn2+. The synthesis of graft azaxanthone group to the cyclen was described. From these ligands zinc complexation was treated in order to develop an optical probe selective for the first row transition metals. A photophysic study associated with theoretical modeling work in solution, specifically showed the formation of two new zinc complexes. Finally, the monitoring of deprotection by hydrazinolysis of cyclen-glyoxal-azaxanthone, showed that the azaxanthone deprotection could be maintained in the design of new metals complexes of the first serie of transition metals.

Orientador: Carlos Antonio Gamero / Banca: Silvio José Bicudo / Banca: Dirceu Maximino Fernandes / Banca: Antonio Renan Berchol da Silva / Banca: Carlos Eduardo Amgeli Furlani / Resumo: Cada sistema de manejo do solo é trabalhado de maneira própria, alterando de forma diferenciada as propriedades químicas, físicas e biológicas do solo, podendo requerer modificações nas recomendações e no manejo da adubação. Com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da antecipação da adubação de semeadura, de dois sistemas de manejo do solo e dois espaçamentos entrelinhas no desempenho da cultura do milho, foi realizado este estudo. O experimento foi instalado e conduzido na Fazenda Experimental Lageado, pertencente à Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas (FCA) da Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Campus de Botucatu, nos anos agrícolas de 2005/2006 e 2006/2007, em Nitossolo Vermelho Distroférrico. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi de blocos ao acaso com parcelas subsubdivididas e quatro repetições. As parcelas foram constituídas pelos sistemas de manejo do solo (plantio direto e preparo reduzido, caracterizado pela escarificação do solo por meio de equipamento provido de disco de corte da palhada e rolo nivelador/destorroador, trabalhando na profundidade entre 25 e 30 cm), as subparcelas pelas formas de adubação (adubação de pré-semeadura realizada na superfície do solo em área total antes da semeadura do milho e adubação convencional) e as subsubparcelas pelos espaçamentos entrelinhas (90 e 45 cm), totalizando 8 tratamentos. Os resultados obtidos foram submetidos ao teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade para comparar as médias entre os sistemas de manejo do solo, as formas de adubação, os espaçamentos entrelinhas e os desdobramentos das interações entre esses três fatores. As análises estatísticas demonstraram que o sistema plantio direto apresentou maior densidade do solo e resistência mecânica do solo à penetração, quando comparado ao preparo reduzido. Na operação de adubação de pré-semeadura os sistemas de manejo do solo... (resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Each soil tillage system is worked in proper way, modifying of differentiated form the chemical, physical and biological soil properties, and may require adaptations of fertilization recommendations and management. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of sowing fertilization anticipation, two soil tillage systems and two row spacing on performance of the corn crop. The experiment was carried out at the "Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas" (FCA), "Universidade Estadual Paulista" (UNESP), Botucatu-SP campus, from October 2005 to May 2007, in a Dystric Nitosol (FAO, 1974). The experimental design was in randomized blocks with split-split-plots and four repetitions. The main plots consisted of two soil tillage systems (no-tillage and reduced tillage with chisel plow with cut disk and planning roll, working at 25 to 30 cm deep), the split-plots of fertilizer application methods (surface fertilizer application before corn sowing and fertilizer application conventional) and split-split-plots of row spacings (0.90 m and 0.45 m), totalizing 8 treatments. Obtained results were analyzed by Tukey test at 5% of probability for comparing averages. Statistical analysis showed that no-tillage system had higher density as well as mechanical soil resistance to penetration, when compared to reduced tillage. For fertilizer application before corn sowing the soil tillage systems did not influence the traction force, bar power demanded, effective field capacity, demanded time, energy specific consumption and hourly fuel consumption; the reduced tillage showed higher area fuel consumption. For corn sowing it was observed that no-tillage system showed lower traction force, bar power demanded, energy specific consumption, hourly and area consumption of fuel. The 0.45 m row spacing showed higher traction force, bar power demanded, energy specific consumption... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

No description available.

A series of field, rainshelter, growth cabinet and modelling studies were conducted to investigate hot pepper response to different irrigation regimes and row spacings; to generate crop-specific model parameters; and to calibrate and validate the Soil Water Balance (SWB) model. Soil, climate and management data of five hot pepper growing regions of Ethiopia were identified to develop irrigation calendars and estimate water requirements of hot pepper under different growing conditions. High irrigation regimes increased fresh and dry fruit yield, fruit number, harvest index and top dry matter production. Yield loss could be prevented by irrigating at 20-25% depletion of plant available water, confirming the sensitivity of the crop to mild soil water stress. High plant density markedly increased fresh and dry fruit yield, water-use efficiency and dry matter production. Average fruit mass, succulence and specific leaf area were neither affected by row spacing nor by irrigation regimes. There were marked differences among the cultivars in fruit yields despite comparable top dry mass production. Average dry fruit mass, fruit number per plant and succulence were significantly affected by cultivar differences. The absence of interaction effects among cultivar and irrigation regimes, cultivars and row spacing, and irrigation regimes and row spacing for most parameters suggest that appropriate irrigation regimes and row spacing that maximize productivity of hot pepper can be devised across cultivars. To facilitate irrigation scheduling, a simple canopy cover based procedure was used to determine FAO-type crop factors and growth periods for different growth stages of five hot pepper cultivars. Growth analysis was done to calculate crop-specific model parameters for the SWB model and the model was successfully calibrated and validated for five hot pepper cultivars under different irrigation regimes or row spacings. FAO basal crop coefficients (Kcb) and crop-specific model parameters for new hot pepper cultivars can now be estimated from the database, using canopy characteristics, day degrees to maturity and dry matter production. Growth cabinet studies were used to determine cardinal temperatures, namely the base, optimum and cut-off temperatures for various developmental stages. Hot pepper cultivars were observed to require different cardinal temperatures for various developmental stages. Data on thermal time requirement for flowering and maturity between plants in growth cabinet and open field experiments matched closely. Simulated water requirements for hot pepper cultivar Mareko Fana production ranged between 517 mm at Melkassa and 775 mm at Alemaya. The simulated irrigation interval ranged between 9 days at Alemaya and 6 days at Bako, and the average irrigation amount per irrigation ranged between 27.9 mm at Bako and 35.0 mm at Zeway. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Plant Production and Soil Science / unrestricted

Ensidigt bedriven styrketräning och idrotter kan leda till en förändradstyrkekvot mellan olika muskelantagonister och anses i vissa fall kunna ökarisken för skador och besvär. Syftet med denna studie var att undersökastyrkekvoten mellan press- och dragstyrkan hos tränade personer samtundersöka om det fanns några styrkeskillnader hos deltagarna i bänkpressjämfört med bänkrodd. Femton tränade deltagare inkluderades i studien därdeltagarna var i snitt 26 år gamla, 177 cm långa och vägde 81 kg. Deltagarnautförde ett testprotokoll som inkluderade ett test i bänkpress respektivebänkrodd, där deltagaren skulle utföra maximalt antal repetitioner på den vikti bänkpress deltagaren själv ansåg sig klara omkring 5–10 repetitioner. Totaltantal kg (antal repetitioner x belastning) i respektive övning dokumenteradesoch angavs som en styrkekvot (press/drag-kvot). Resultatet avundersökningen var att deltagarnas press/drag-kvot var 2,4:1, vilket innebäratt deltagarna var 140% starkare i press- än i dragstyrkan. Det fanns ensignifikant styrkeskillnad (p=0,002) i bänkpress jämfört med bänkrodd hosmajoriteten av deltagarna. Det fanns en relativt stor variation i styrkekvot(press/drag-kvot) bland deltagarna. Faktorer som träningserfarenhet ochfamiljaritet med testprotokollets övningar kan vara faktorer som kan förklaraspridningen i styrkekvot. Att styrkekvoten befanns vara 2,4:1 kan därför inteanvändas som en utgångspunkt i ett träningsupplägg då det inte går att utgåfrån att personen som skall instrueras har den styrkekvoten. Vidare skulleresultaten kunna användas som referensmaterial i framtida studier som avseratt undersöka styrkekvoten mellan press- jämfört med dragstyrkan. / Previous literature considers that both strength training and many sports maylead to an increased risk of athletes incurring injury due to an unbalanced, orchanged, strength ratio. The purpose of this study was therefore to examinethe strength ratio between press- and pulling strength of trained individualsas well as investigate whether there was any difference in strength betweenthe two exercises tested. Fifteen participants with strength trainingexperience were included in the study where the participants mean were 26years old, 177 cm tall, and weighed 81 kg. They performed a protocol thatconsisted of a test of bench press and bench row, respectively. For bothexercises, the participants performed the maximum number of repetitions fora weight that was based on the participants’ self-assessed 5-10 repetitionmaximum bench press. Total weight lifted (weight x repetitions) for eachexercise was measured and converted to a push/pull strength ratio. Meanpush/pull strength ratio for the participants was 2,4: 1. The participants wereon average 140% stronger in pressing strength than in pulling strength(P=0,002) In the current study, the participants were stronger in bench presscompared to bench row. Factors such as training experience and familiaritywith the exercises in the could possibly have influenced the spread amongthe participants, but that cannot be determined. The variation in the strengthratio of the participants can therefore not be used as a starting point in atraining program as it is not possible to assume that the instructor's strengthratio is 2.4: 1. The results could be used as a comparison in future studiesthat aim to examine the strength ratio between press strength compared topulling strength.

<p>The production of row crops in the Midwestern (Indiana) region of the US has been facing environmental and economic sustainability issues. There has been an increase in trend for the application of fertilizers (Nitrogen & Phosphorus), farm machinery fuel costs and decrease in labor productivity leading to non-optimized usage of farm-inputs. A structured literature review describes Lean and Green practices such as profitability (return on investments), operational cost reduction, hazardous waste reduction, delivery performance and overall productivity might be adopted in the context of Precision Agriculture practices (variable rate irrigation, variable rate fertilization, cloud-based analytics, and telematics for farm-machinery navigation). </p> <p>The literature review describes low adoption of Internet of Things (IoT) based precision agriculture practices, such as variable rate fertilizer (39 %), variable rate pesticide (8%), variable rate irrigation (4 %), cloud-based data analytics (21 %) and telematics (10 %) amongst Midwestern row crop producers. Barriers for the adoption of IoT based Precision Agriculture practices include cost effectiveness, power requirements, communication range, data latency, data scalability, data storage, data processing and data interoperability. Focused group interviews (n=3) with Subject Matter Expertise (SME’s) (N=18) in IoT based Precision Agriculture practices were conducted to understand and define decision-making variables related to barriers. The content analysis and subsequent ISM model informed an action research approach in the deployment of an IoT wireless sensor nodes for performance improvement. The improvements resulted in variable cost reduction by 94 %, power consumption cost reduction by 60 %, and improved data interoperable and user-interactive IoT wireless sensor-based data pipeline for improved adoption of Precision Agriculture practices. A relationship analysis of performance data (n=2505) from the IoT sensor deployment empirically validated the ISM model and explained the variation in power consumption for mitigation of IoT adoption among producers. The scope of future research for predicting IoT power consumption, based upon the growing season through correlation was developed in this study. </p> <p>The implications of this research inform adopters (row-crop producers), researchers and precision agriculture practitioners that a Lean and Green framework is driven substantively by cost and power concerns in an IoT sensors-based precision agriculture solution. </p>