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Social Responsibility Expenses: Tax Aspects to Consider / Gastos de Responsabilidad Social: Aspectos Tributarios a ConsiderarBelaunde Plenge, Walther 10 April 2018 (has links)
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is a way of doing business that assumes a more active role in relation to everyone involved in such activity and to anyone who could be affected in anyway by it. Thus, the corporation becomes an agent who must adopt principles and policies for all of its activities, not only to prevent negative consequences but also to obtain larger benefits for its workers, shareholders, neighbors, community, among others.This paper analyses if the expenses on CSR are tax deductible for Income Tax purposes, focusing mainly in what is referred to as social and environmental expenses, which are the ones that demand the most resources. / La Responsabilidad Social Corporativa (RSC) es una forma de realizar actividades empresariales asumiendo un rol más activo en relación a todos aquellos que forman parte de dicha actividad y de aquellos que pueden verse afectados de otra manera por las mismas. Así la empresa pasa a ser un actor que debe adoptar principios y políticas que acompañen a todas sus actividades no sólo para que no tengan consecuencias adversas, sino para que las mismas tengan mayores beneficios para sus trabajadores, accionistas, vecinos, comunidad, entre otros.En el artículo se analiza si los Gastos de responsabilidad social son deducibles para fines del Impuesto a la Renta, enfocándonos principalmente en los denominados gastos sociales y ambientales que son los que mayores recursos demandan.
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Estudo da relação entre responsabilidade social corporativa e criação de valor a partir de um modelo de quatro fatoresTeixeira, Alexandre Antunes 05 December 2016 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2016-12-05 / This study uses a four factor asset pricing model - a standard Fama and French (1993) three factor model augmented by a sustainability factor - to assess the relationship between Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and stock price return. This is the first work to develop a risk factor from a firm sustainability ranking that combines all the important ESG (sustainability, social and governance) dimensions, in line with the modern concept of CSR. Besides, it adds to the body of CSR and finance knowledge as it shows that, in the majority of the regressions, the relationship between CSR and stock returns is negative and significant, suggesting that, in general, investors see CSR as a decision that negatively affect business profitability. However, there are specific cases where this relationship in consistently positive and significant, suggesting that CSR helps create value depending on firm characteristics. / Este trabalho utiliza um modelo de quatro fatores - o tradicional modelo de três fatores de Fama e French (1993), ampliado por um fator de sustentabilidade - para avaliar a relação entre Responsabilidade Social Corporativa (RSC) e retorno das ações. Este trabalho é o primeiro a criar um fator de risco a partir de um ranking de sustentabilidade empresarial, que combina todas as dimensões relevantes de RSC. Além disso, adiciona conhecimento aos campos da RSC e das finanças ao indicar que, na maior parte dos testes realizados, a relação entre sustentabilidade e retorno das ações é negativa e significativa. Ou seja, no geral, não é possível afastar a hipótese de que os investidores associam práticas de RSC com queda dos lucros a longo prazo. No entanto, há casos específicos em que tal relação é consistentemente positiva, sugerindo que RSC ajuda a criar valor dependendo de características das empresas.
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Power electronic systems design co-ordination for doubly-fed induction generator wind turbinesOzakturk, Meliksah January 2012 (has links)
Wind turbine modelling using doubly-fed induction generators is a well-known subject. However, studies have tended to focus on optimising the components of the system rather than considering the interaction between the components. This research examines the interaction of the control methods for a doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) in a wind turbine application integrating them with the crowbar protection control and DC-link brake control to make the best use of the converter. The controls of the rotor-side and the grid-side converters of the DFIG model are both well established and have been shown to work. Typically the crowbar protection is designed in order to protect the rotor-side converter and the power electronic components of the DFIG system from high currents occurring in the rotor due to the faults. The DC-link brake-overvoltage protection is also designed to prevent the overcharging of the DC-link capacitor placed between the rotor-side converter and the grid-side converter. In order to show that these protection schemes work and with thought can co-ordinate with each other, tests consisting of a number of balanced three-, two- and one-phase voltage sags are applied to the network voltage. The main contributions of this thesis are establishing operational tuning and design limits for the controllers and system subassemblies. This is to minimise the electrical subsystem interaction while maintaining adequate performance, and have an improved DC-link control. This work also includes a full electrical system study of the wind turbine and an essential literature review on significant references in the field of the DFIG wind turbine system modelling, control and protection. Specifically this research project makes a number of novel contributions to the literature: enhanced DC voltage control including operating point sensitivity analysis and dynamic stiffness assessment, sensitivity and robustness analyses of the power loop control and control loop segmentation by appropriately tuning the controller loops.
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Turbo konvoluční a turbo blokové kódy / Turbo-convolution and turbo-block codesŠedý, Jakub January 2011 (has links)
The aim is to explain the Turbo convolutional and block turbo codes and decoding the secure message. The practical part focuses on the design of a demonstration program in Matlab. The work is divided into four parts. The first two deal with theoretical analysis of coding and decoding. The third section contains a description created a demonstration program that allows you to navigate the process of encoding and decoding. The fourth is devoted to simulation and performance of turbo codes.
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Comparative perspective of training evaluation practices : a study of ‘Entry Level Professional Training’ of call center agents inside PakistanAsadullah, Muhammad Ali 29 May 2012 (has links)
Le taux élevé de rotation et recrutement, la complexité du travail et le manque de formation professionelles a augmenté la demande de la formation d'intégration professionnelle pour Représentatives des Services Clients (RSC). La question est: ‘comment est-ce-que les professionnels des centres d'appels déterminent la valeur de la formation d'intégration professionnelle des RSC. Les centres d'appels peuvent être divisés en deux groupes «In-House» et «Subcontractor» à propos la propriété. L'objectif de cette étude est d'étudier la différence dans l'évaluation de la formation d'intégration professionnelle des RSC entre ces deux groupes. «Le modèle de Kirkpatrick» de l'évaluation de formation a été utilisé avec le 5ème niveau de rentabilité de l'investissement. Ensuite, nous avons identifier les groupes de parties prenantes les plus importantes qui peuvent bénéficier d'information de l'évaluation concernant à chaque niveau de «TKM». Les données qualitatives ont été recueillies par 15 entretiens avec des groupes des professionnels de 13 centres d'appels aux Pakistan. Les données quantitatives ont été recueillies des 203 professionnels des 90 centres d'appels du Lahore, Karachi et Islamabad. Sauf pour «Réaction», il n'y avait aucune différence dans les pratiques d'évaluation des centres d'appels ‘In-House' et ‘Subcontractors.' En outre, «taille» de centre d'appels et la «durée» de la formation d'intégration professionnelle a eu un effet significatif sur la différence dans les pratiques d'évaluation. En plus, les données d'évaluation est important pour tous les groupes d'intervenants internes. / Higher turnover, increased recruitment, job complexity and lack of vocational training for call center agents has increased the demand of entry level professional training of call center agents. The question is that how call center professionals determine the value of entry level professional training of call center agents. Call centers can be divided in two groups ‘In-House' and ‘Subcontractor' with respect to the ownership. The objective of this study is to investigate the difference in evaluation of entry level professional training of call center agents among these two groups of call centers. ‘The Kirkpatrick Model' of training evaluation was used to study these differences with addition of 5th level return on investment. Further, we identified stakeholder groups inside call centers. Then we attempted to identify the most important stakeholder groups who may benefit from evaluation information obtained at each level of ‘TKM' model. Data was collected from call centers inside Pakistan by using a mixed methods approach for data collection. Qualitative data was collected through 15 group interviews which were conducted with professionals of 13 call centers inside Pakistan. Quantitative data was collected from almost 203 call center professionals of 90 call centers from three cities Lahore, Karachi and Islamabad. We found that except for first level ‘Reaction' there was no difference in evaluation practices of in-house and subcontractor call centers. Moreover, ‘size' of call center and ‘duration' of entry level professional training had a significant effect on the difference in evaluation practices.
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O ambiente institucional e às práticas da responsabilidade social de multinacionais brasileiras / The institutional environment and social responsibility practices of Brazilian multinationalPavan, Kelly Roman 27 February 2014 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2014-02-27 / The aim of this research is to identify what is the association between the institutional environment of the host country and the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) practices of the subsidiaries of Brazilian multinationals. Institutional Theory is used to support the theoretical considerations once it addresses the association between institutional environment and strategy, and CSR is understood here as a component of the legitimating strategy of the subsidiaries of Brazilian multinationals. Multiple linear regression is the statistical technique used to proceed the analysis of secondary data. The data on the CSR practices concern the adoption of social and/or environmental certification; the contracts with certified suppliers; and the conduct of social and/or environmental training, by subsidiaries, with its suppliers and/or customers. The variables from the institutional environment analyzed are: the inefficiency of the legal system , press freedom , commitment to ethics , political stability , and efficiency of the infrastructure . The results show evidence of a positive association between the variables inefficiency of the legal system and efficiency of the infrastructure with the CSR practices of subsidiaries. There is evidence of a negative association between the commitment to ethics and the CSR practices of subsidiaries. Concluding remarks point out to contributions, limitations, and opportunities for future researches. / O objetivo desta dissertação é identificar qual é a associação entre o ambiente institucional do país de destino e as práticas de Responsabilidade Social Corporativa (RSC) das subsidiárias de multinacionais brasileiras. Utiliza-se a Teoria Institucional para sustentar as considerações teóricas, uma vez que ela aborda a associação entre ambiente institucional e estratégia, sendo a RSC aqui compreendida como um componente da estratégia de legitimação das subsidiárias estrangeiras de multinacionais brasileiras. Utiliza-se a regressão linear múltipla como técnica estatística para a análise de dados secundários. Os dados sobre as práticas de RSC versam sobre a adoção de certificação social e/ou ambiental pelas subsidiárias; a contratação de fornecedores certificados; e a realização de treinamento social e/ou ambiental, pelas subsidiárias, com seus fornecedores e/ou clientes. As variáveis do ambiente institucional analisadas são: a ineficiência do sistema jurídico , a liberdade de imprensa , o compromisso com a ética , a estabilidade política e a eficiência da infraestrutura . Os resultados apresentam evidências de associação positiva entre as variáveis ineficiência do sistema jurídico e eficiência da infraestrutura e as práticas de RSC das subsidiárias. Há evidências de associação negativa entre o compromisso com a ética e as práticas de RSC das subsidiárias. Conclui-se esta dissertação com o apontamento de contribuições, limitações e oportunidades para pesquisas futuras.
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Visual experience-dependent oscillations in the mouse visual systemSamuel T Kissinger (8086100) 06 December 2019 (has links)
<p><a></a><a>The visual
system is capable of interpreting immense sensory complexity, allowing us to
quickly identify behaviorally relevant stimuli in the environment. It performs
this task with a hierarchical organization that works to detect, relay, and
integrate visual stimulus features into an interpretable form. To understand
the complexities of this system, visual neuroscientists have benefited from the
many advantages of using mice as visual models. Despite their poor visual acuity,
these animals possess surprisingly complex visual systems, and have been
instrumental in understanding how visual features are processed in the primary
visual cortex (V1). However, a growing body of literature has shown that
primary sensory areas like V1 are capable of more than basic feature detection,
but can express neural activity patterns related to learning, memory,
categorization, and prediction. </a></p>
<p>Visual
experience fundamentally changes the encoding and perception of visual stimuli
at many scales, and allows us to become familiar with
environmental cues. However, the neural
processes that govern visual familiarity are poorly understood. By exposing
awake mice to repetitively presented visual stimuli over several days, we
observed the emergence of low frequency
oscillations in the primary visual cortex (V1). The oscillations emerged in
population level responses known as visually evoked potentials (VEPs), as well
as single-unit responses, and were not observed before the perceptual
experience had occurred. They were also not evoked by novel visual stimuli,
suggesting that they represent a new form of visual familiarity in the form of
low frequency oscillations. The oscillations also required the muscarinic
acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) for
their induction and expression, highlighting the importance of the cholinergic
system in this learning and memory-based phenomenon. Ongoing visually evoked
oscillations were also shown to increase the VEP amplitude of incoming visual
stimuli if the stimuli were presented at the high excitability phase of the
oscillations, demonstrating how neural activity with unique temporal dynamics
can be used to influence visual processing.</p>
<p>Given the necessity of
perceptual experience for the strong expression of these oscillations and their
dependence on the cholinergic system, it was clear we had discovered a
phenomenon grounded in visual learning or memory. To further validate this, we
characterized this response in a mouse model of Fragile X syndrome (FX), the
most common inherited form of autism and a condition with known visual
perceptual learning deficits. Using a multifaceted experimental approach, a
number of neurophysiological differences were found in the oscillations displayed
in FX mice. Extracellular recordings revealed shorter durations and lower power
oscillatory activity in FX mice. Furthermore, we found that the frequency of
peak oscillatory activity was significantly decreased in FX mice, demonstrating
a unique temporal neural impairment not previously reported in FX. In
collaboration with Dr. Christopher J. Quinn at Purdue, we performed functional
connectivity analysis on the extracellularly recorded spikes from WT and FX
mice. This analysis revealed significant impairments in functional connections
from multiple layers in FX mice after the perceptual experience; some of which
were validated by another graduate student (Qiuyu Wu) using Channelrhodopsin-2
assisted circuit mapping (CRACM). Together, these results shed new light on how
visual stimulus familiarity is differentially encoded in FX via persistent
oscillations, and allowed us to identify impairments in cross layer
connectivity that may underlie these differences. </p>
<p>Finally,
we asked whether these oscillations are observable in other brain areas or are intrinsic
to V1. Furthermore, we sought to determine if the oscillating unit populations
in V1 possess uniform firing dynamics, or contribute differentially to the
population level response. By performing paired recordings, we did not find
prominent oscillatory activity in two visual thalamic nuclei (dLGN and LP) or a
nonvisual area (RSC) connected to V1, suggesting the oscillations may not
propagate with similar dynamics via cortico-thalamic connections or
retrosplenial connections, <a>but may either be uniquely distributed
across the visual hierarchy or predominantly</a> restricted to V1. Using
K-means clustering on a large population of oscillating units in V1, we found
unique temporal profiles of visually evoked responses, demonstrating distinct
contributions of different unit sub-populations to the oscillation response
dynamics.</p>
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Hardware in the Loop Simulation of a Heavy Truck Braking System and Vehicle Control System DesignAshby, Ryan Michael 09 August 2013 (has links)
No description available.
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Análisis de la relación causal de la responsabilidad social corporativa y la performance financiera de las empresasPoyatos León, Juan Ángel 31 March 2015 (has links)
El objetivo del trabajo es analizar las relaciones entre la Responsabilidad Social Corporativa, RSC y la performance financiera de empresas europeas, buscando una posible relación causal entre ambas dimensiones. Hasta la fecha, se han alcanzado resultados dispares al analizar dichas relaciones, debido a causas diversas, que han sido abordadas en el presente trabajo, aplicando modelos estadísticos para seleccionar las variables que representan ambas performances, introduciendo un desfase temporal de tres años al medir la relación entre la RSC y los resultados financieros de las empresas (diversos autores afirman que el impacto de la RSC en el rendimiento de es a medio plazo) y separando el análisis entre empresas de sectores cuyo comportamiento (desde un punto de vista RSC) es homogéneo o heterogéneo (numerosos autores indican que el sector es una variable moderadora muy importante). Para comenzar a analizar las relaciones entre ambas dimensiones, en el presente trabajo se aplica un modelo de programación por metas, generando medidas únicas del comportamiento social y los resultados financieros. Estos valores de RSC se comparan con diversas variables económico-financieras, que representan los rendimientos y la dimensión de las empresas analizadas. A continuación, se lleva a cabo un análisis de correlaciones entre las variables que miden ambos comportamientos. Al final, se concluye que la RSC y la performance financiera no están correlacionadas entre sí, pero si se comparan las variables económico-financieras con la variable que representa a los Grupo de Interés (la dimensión que, en el análisis factorial exploratorio, explica el mayor porcentaje de variabilidad de la varianza del comportamiento social de las empresas y que, además, es una de la variables que mayor peso le otorga el modelo de Programación por Metas), se verifica que esta variable sí está correlacionada con varias variables económico-financieras. Ante estos datos, el análisis se centra en esta dimensión (Grupos de Interés), para determinar si existe o no relación causal entre la dimensión Grupos de Interés y los resultados financieros de las empresas analizadas, siguiendo las indicaciones de diversos autores que planteaban que, la dimensión de RSC Grupos de Interés, es la que más influye en el desempeño de las empresas. Para hacerlo, se plantea un Sistema de Ecuaciones Estructurales. Se determina así si los factores de la dimensión Grupos de Interés, mantienen una relación causal con la performance financiera de empresas de los sectores homogéneos y heterogéneos, manteniendo el desfase temporal de 3 años. En el presente caso, solamente uno de los factores (Empleados) causa, con un nivel de significación del 95%, al factor Rendimientos de las empresas procedentes de los sectores Homogéneos analizados, teniendo en cuenta el desfase temporal de 3 años. Cuando se analizaban los sectores Heterogéneos, el modelo no muestra relación causal con un nivel de significación del 95%, por lo que se valida una causa de la disparidad de resultados al valorar el impacto de la RSC sobre la performance financiera: la mezcla de empresas de múltiples sectores. En el presente trabajo abre una línea sobre cómo poder maximizar el impacto de la RSC en la performance financiera, aportando indicios basados en los modelos de ecuaciones estructurales, sobre cómo gestionar (dar más peso a unos factores frente a otros) las distintas dimensiones de la RSC para tal fin. / Poyatos León, JÁ. (2015). Análisis de la relación causal de la responsabilidad social corporativa y la performance financiera de las empresas [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/48517
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The Impact of Audit Committee Characteristics on Corporate Social Responsibility DisclosureDwekat, Aladdin 02 September 2021 (has links)
[ES] A través de cuatro trabajos interrelacionados, esta tesis llena el vacío existente en la literatura al examinar el efecto del Comité de Auditoría (CA) y las características del Consejo de Administración en la divulgación de información RSC. El primer artículo presenta una imagen completa del campo de estudio utilizando dos metodologías: el análisis bibliométrico y el de redes sociales, mapeando el conocimiento de trabajos anteriores y sugiriendo nuevas vías para futuras investigaciones. Este trabajo analizó 242 artículos publicados en revistas indexadas en la Web of Science (1992-2019). El segundo papel revisó la literatura previa sobre RSC y los consejos de administración mediante el análisis de contenido, ofreciendo una imagen novedosa de los impulsores más críticos de su desempeño y divulgación, y proporcionando sugerencias constructivas para guiar la investigación futura. El tercer artículo examina el efecto de las características del Comité de Auditoría y del Consejo de Administración sobre la divulgación de la RSC mediante la aplicación de una metodología de investigación novedosa: el análisis comparativo cualitativo difuso (fsQCA). Esta investigación utilizó una muestra de las 69 principales empresas europeas no financieras en el periodo 2016-2018. Los resultados principales de este trabajo muestran como las estrategias RSC se están formando a partir de determinadas configuraciones de las características del Consejo de Administración y señala como una única dimensión es insuficiente para generar una estrategia eficaz. En este contexto, se debe indicar que existen diversas configuraciones de características óptimas para lograr niveles más altos de divulgación de la RSC.
Además, respondiendo a las recomendaciones del segundo trabajo para examinar más a fondo el vínculo entre las características del Consejo de Administración y la verificación del informe de Responsabilidad Social Corporativa, el cuarto trabajo prueba el efecto de los atributos de Comité de Auditoría en la adopción de la verificación. Esta investigación utilizó una muestra de empresas europeas que cotizaron en el índice STOXX Europe 600 entre 2011 y 2018.
Los dos primeros trabajos han mostrado como las características del Consejo de Administración tienen un impacto significativo y creciente en la literatura sobre RSC, y como sus prácticas juegan un papel crucial en la gestión del desempeño y la divulgación de la RSC. Los hallazgos también identifican el efecto y los patrones que vinculan las características críticas del Consejo sobre el desempeño de la RSC, así como sobre la cantidad y calidad de la información divulgada. En consecuencia, los hallazgos también trazan posibles vías futuras de investigación en el campo con respecto a los vacíos de investigación.
El tercer trabajo sugiere que la divulgación de información sobre RSC se basa en una configuración compleja de algunos atributos del Comité de Auditoría y del Consejo de Administración. Estas características juegan un papel fundamental y, en una combinación adecuada, promueven el logro de altos niveles de divulgación. Los resultados empíricos ofrecen una información valiosa para los profesionales y los gobernantes a la hora de establecer y revisar las directrices sobre la composición del Comité Ejecutivo y del Consejo de Administración.
Por último, en línea con la literatura anterior, el cuarto de los trabajos desarrollados encuentra que los atributos del Comité de Auditoría relacionados con su independencia, su tamaño, la existencia de un experto financiero y de un comité de RSC están positivamente vinculados con la verificación de la memoria RSC. / [CA] A través de quatre treballs interrelacionats, aquesta tesi ompli el buit existent en la literatura en examinar l'efecte del Comitè d'Auditoria (CA) i les característiques del Consell d'Administració en la divulgació d'informació RSC. El primer article presenta una imatge completa del camp d'estudi utilitzant dues metodologies: l'anàlisi bibliomètrica i el de xarxes socials, traçant el mapa del coneixement dels treballs ja publicats i suggerint noves vies per a futures investigacions. Aquest treball va analitzar 242 articles publicats en revistes indexades en la Web of Science (1992-2019). El segon paper va revisar la literatura prèvia sobre RSC i els consells d'administració mitjançant l'anàlisi de contingut, oferint una imatge nova dels impulsors més crítics del seu acompliment i divulgació, i proporcionant suggeriments constructius per a guiar la investigació futura. El tercer article examina l'efecte de les característiques del Comitè d'Auditoria i del Consell d'Administració sobre la divulgació de la RSC mitjançant l'aplicació d'una metodologia d'investigació novedosa: l'anàlisi comparativa qualitativa difusa (fsQCA). Aquesta investigació va utilitzar una mostra de les 69 principals empreses europees no financeres en el període 2016-2018. Els resultats principals d'aquest treball mostren com les estratègies RSC s'estan formant a partir de determinades configuracions de les característiques del Consell d'Administració i assenyala com una única dimensió és insuficient per a generar una estratègia eficaç. En aquest context, s'ha d'indicar que existeixen diverses configuracions de característiques òptimes per a aconseguir nivells més alts de divulgació de la RSC.
A més, responent a les recomanacions del segon treball per a examinar més a fons el vincle entre les característiques del Consell d'Administració i la verificació de l'informe de Responsabilitat Social Corporativa, el quart treball prova l'efecte dels atributs de Comité d'Auditoria en l'adopció de la verificació. Aquesta investigació va utilitzar una mostra d'empreses europees que van cotitzar en l'índex STOXX Europe 600 entre 2011 i 2018.
Els dos primers treballs han mostrat com les característiques del Consell d'Administració tenen un impacte significatiu i creixent en la literatura sobre RSC, i com les seues pràctiques juguen un paper crucial en la gestió de l'acompliment i la divulgació de la RSC. Les troballes també identifiquen l'efecte i els patrons que vinculen les característiques crítiques del Consell sobre l'acompliment de la RSC, així com sobre la quantitat i qualitat de la informació divulgada. En conseqüència, les resultats obtinguts també tracen possibles vies futures d'investigació en el camp respecte als buits d'investigació.
El tercer treball suggereix que la divulgació d'informació sobre RSC es basa en una configuració complexa d'alguns atributs del Comitè d'Auditoria i del Consell d'Administració. Aquestes característiques juguen un paper fonamental i, en una combinació adequada, promouen l'assoliment d'alts nivells de divulgació. Els resultats empírics ofereixen una informació valuosa per als professionals i els governants a l'hora d'establir i revisar les directrius sobre la composició del Comitè Executiu i del Consell d'Administració.
Finalment, en línia amb la literatura anterior, el quart dels treballs desenvolupats troba que els atributs del Comitè d'Auditoria relacionats amb la seua independència, la seua grandària, l'existència d'un expert financer i d'un comitè de RSC estan positivament vinculats amb la verificació de la memòria RSC. / [EN] This thesis fills the literature gap by examining the effect of Audit Committee (AC) and board characteristics on Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure (CSRD) in four interrelated articles. The first article presents a full picture of the board-CSR field using two methodologies: bibliometric and social network analysis. Thus, it maps the knowledge of preceding works and suggests new avenues for future investigations to connect board characteristics, Corporate Social Responsibility Performance (CSRP), and CSRD. This article analysed 242 articles published on Web of Science database (WoS) journals (1992- 2019). The second article reviewed the previous board-CSR literature by applying a content analysis method. By doing so, this article offers a novel picture of the most critical drivers of CSRP/CSRD and provide constructive suggestions to guide future research. The first and second articles' main results suggest that little research on the board and CSR field have studied other board variables such as AC characteristics. In addition to that, CSR strategies are forming from several combinations of the board attributes and consider one dimension to be insufficient to generate an effective strategy. In this context, it must be pointed out that there is more than one best possible characteristics combination to achieve higher levels of CSRD. Therefore, building on the first and second articles, the third article examines the effect of AC and board characteristics on CSRD by applying a novel research methodology (fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis).
Furthermore, responding to the second article recommendations to further examine the link between board characteristics and the decisions to obtain Corporate Social Responsibility Assurance (CSRA) report, the fourth article test the effect of AC attributes on the adoption of CSRA. The third article used a sample of the top 69 non-financial European companies for 2016-2018. In comparison, the fourth article used a sample of European companies listed on STOXX Europe 600 over 2011-2018.
Our first and second articles indicate that board characteristics have a significant and increasing impact on CSR literature. The results also revealed that the board practices play a crucial role in managing CSRP/CSRD-related issues. The findings also identify the effect of the critical board characteristics on CSRP, CSRD quantity, and CSRD quality. Furthermore, our outcomes provide an overarching picture of the patterns and trends of the systematic nexus between board characteristics and CSRP/CSRD quality and quantity. The findings also draw potential future avenues for research in the field regarding research gaps. Furthermore, our results suggest some potential areas of interest for future political reforms of board of directors' guidelines.
The third article suggests that CSRD relies on a complex configuration of some AC attributes, for example, independence, financial expert member, chair independence, size and activity, and other board characteristics. These characteristics play a leading part as a recipe ingredient and, in an appropriate combination, promote achieving high CSRD levels. Our empirical results offer multidimensional and valuable insights for professionals, regulators, and policymakers in establishing and revising the guidelines regarding the AC and board of directors' composition. In line with the complementary role of CG and AC mechanisms suggested by prior literature, our fourth article finds that AC attributes related to AC financial expert, AC independence and size of AC, and the existence of CSR committee are positively linked with the adoption of CSRA. However, our empirical analysis further indicates that AC with a higher percentage of financial expert members tends to choose higher assurance scopes. / Dwekat, A. (2021). The Impact of Audit Committee Characteristics on Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/172178
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