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M?nica Cox de. Media??o de conflitos agr?rios e ambientais: um estudo sobre o Vale do S?o Jo?o no estado do Rio de Janeiro / M?nica Cox de. Agrarian and environmental conflicts mediation: a study of S?o Jo?o Valley in state of Rio de JaneiroPereira, M?nica Cox de Britto 01 December 2006 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2006-12-01 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / The research dealt with conflicts that occurred in S?o Jo?o River Valley on public lands
disappropriated by INCRA to Biological Reserve of Po?o das Antas. We tried to
understand them bringing into focus land conflicts, occupations and camps in the
surrounding of Reserve at 1990. The thesis aims to show how, after sanitation work at
1980, some areas were invaded by farmers as well as rural workers required agrarian
reform in those public lands. Biological Reserve began to dispute adjoining areas in order
to enlargement and moved judicial actions against rural settlements. Along those conflicts,
an environmental conception that considers man action as an external factor and nature as
untouchable earned force of law and conflicted with land work right claimed by means of
collective occupation. The thesis intends to show either the limits of State dialogue with
workers organizations or conflicts resolutions between State agencies and at public politics
conduction to rural settlements and to Biological Reserve. We tried to show that neither
environmental question nor agrarian question can be understood isolated, they may be
inter-related. / A pesquisa enfoca os conflitos que surgiram no Vale do Rio S?o Jo?o fluminense, em terras
p?blicas desapropriadas pelo INCRA para cria??o da Reserva Biol?gica Po?o das Antas.
Procura-se entend?-los a partir dos conflitos por terra e das ocupa??es e acampamentos no
entorno da Reserva nos anos 1990. A tese procura mostrar como, ap?s obras de saneamento
na d?cada de 1980, algumas ?reas foram griladas por fazendeiros, ao mesmo tempo em que
trabalhadores rurais demandaram a reforma agr?ria nessas terras que eram p?blicas. A
Reserva Biol?gica passou tamb?m a disputar ?reas cont?guas a seus limites originais para
sua amplia??o e moveu a??es judiciais contra assentamentos no seu entorno. Ao longo
desses conflitos, revelou-se, com for?a de lei, uma concep??o ambiental que v? a a??o do
homem como fator externo ao ambiente e a natureza como intocada, passando a se
antagonizar com o direito ao trabalho na terra demandado por meio de ocupa??o coletiva. A
tese procura mostrar os limites existentes quer no di?logo do Estado com as organiza??es
porta-vozes dos trabalhadores, quer na resolu??o dos conflitos entre as inst?ncias estatais e
na condu??o das pol?ticas p?blicas para os assentamentos rurais e para a Reserva Biol?gica.
Procura-se mostrar que nem a quest?o ambiental nem a quest?o agr?ria podem ser
entendidas isoladamente e que elas necessitam ser inter-relacionadas.
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Plant diversity patterns of a settlement in the North-West Province, South Africa / Elandrie DavorenDavoren, Elandrie January 2009 (has links)
In recent years the composition of urban vegetation has become far more complex than that of
the surrounding natural vegetation. This is mainly due to the influence that humans have on the
creation of new plant communities and the management of urban green spaces. Green spaces
are fundamental to the restoration and maintenance of biodiversity in areas that have been
severely impacted by urban development. Green spaces provide various ecosystem services
and benefits for the health and well-being of urban residents, and can help to reduce the effects
of global climate change.
The most understudied green space in the entire urban green infrastructure is homegardens.
Homegardens contribute greatly to the species composition of urban and rural settlements and
are important in situ conservation sites that help to protect rare and endemic species. They are
essential agricultural systems, especially in rural settlements, that provide both sources of
additional income generation and food supply. In developing countries such as South Africa,
very few studies have been done on homegardens and the benefits they provide to
homeowners and to urban ecosystems in general. However, since South Africa become
committed to the United Nations Millennium Development Goals in 2000, more research has
been done on the potential of homegardens for poverty alleviation.
The aim of this study was to determine the patterns of plant diversity in a rural settlement and to
determine to what extent the socioeconomic status of the inhabitants influences the plant
species composition of the settlement. The settlement of Ganyesa, situated in the Bophirima
district in the North-West Province, was chosen for the study. Using GIS techniques, a grid was
placed over the settlement and plant surveys were done every 500 m. Different land-use types
were identified during the completion of the survey, namely natural areas, fragmented natural
areas, fallow fields, road verges, wetlands, home gardens and institutional gardens. The
national South African census data from 2001 proved to be too unreliable to accurately
determine the SES of the residents in Ganyesa. Consequently, a social survey was completed
by means of a questionnaire to determine the socioeconomic status of the owners of the
homegardens under study.
Clear differences could be observed between the land-use types and the indigenous and alien
species composition, which were indicated in kriging maps. In comparison with the natural
areas, homegardens contained more alien species than the surrounding natural areas. The
vegetation composition for all the homegardens were correlated with the residents
socioeconomic status along a socioeconomic gradient, ranging from low, to medium to high. ANCOVA, multiple regressions and basic statistical analyses were performed using all the
vegetation and socioeconomic data. Meaningful correlations occur between the socioeconomic
status of the homeowners and the plant diversity of their gardens. / Thesis (M. Environmental Science)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2010.
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Plant diversity patterns of a settlement in the North-West Province, South Africa / Elandrie DavorenDavoren, Elandrie January 2009 (has links)
In recent years the composition of urban vegetation has become far more complex than that of
the surrounding natural vegetation. This is mainly due to the influence that humans have on the
creation of new plant communities and the management of urban green spaces. Green spaces
are fundamental to the restoration and maintenance of biodiversity in areas that have been
severely impacted by urban development. Green spaces provide various ecosystem services
and benefits for the health and well-being of urban residents, and can help to reduce the effects
of global climate change.
The most understudied green space in the entire urban green infrastructure is homegardens.
Homegardens contribute greatly to the species composition of urban and rural settlements and
are important in situ conservation sites that help to protect rare and endemic species. They are
essential agricultural systems, especially in rural settlements, that provide both sources of
additional income generation and food supply. In developing countries such as South Africa,
very few studies have been done on homegardens and the benefits they provide to
homeowners and to urban ecosystems in general. However, since South Africa become
committed to the United Nations Millennium Development Goals in 2000, more research has
been done on the potential of homegardens for poverty alleviation.
The aim of this study was to determine the patterns of plant diversity in a rural settlement and to
determine to what extent the socioeconomic status of the inhabitants influences the plant
species composition of the settlement. The settlement of Ganyesa, situated in the Bophirima
district in the North-West Province, was chosen for the study. Using GIS techniques, a grid was
placed over the settlement and plant surveys were done every 500 m. Different land-use types
were identified during the completion of the survey, namely natural areas, fragmented natural
areas, fallow fields, road verges, wetlands, home gardens and institutional gardens. The
national South African census data from 2001 proved to be too unreliable to accurately
determine the SES of the residents in Ganyesa. Consequently, a social survey was completed
by means of a questionnaire to determine the socioeconomic status of the owners of the
homegardens under study.
Clear differences could be observed between the land-use types and the indigenous and alien
species composition, which were indicated in kriging maps. In comparison with the natural
areas, homegardens contained more alien species than the surrounding natural areas. The
vegetation composition for all the homegardens were correlated with the residents
socioeconomic status along a socioeconomic gradient, ranging from low, to medium to high. ANCOVA, multiple regressions and basic statistical analyses were performed using all the
vegetation and socioeconomic data. Meaningful correlations occur between the socioeconomic
status of the homeowners and the plant diversity of their gardens. / Thesis (M. Environmental Science)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2010.
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Assentamentos rurais da região metropolitana de Porto Alegre e a formação de cooperativasRosa, Luís Fernando Silveira da January 2018 (has links)
A presente pesquisa ocorreu na Região Metropolitana de Porto Alegre em seis assentamentos ligados à COOTAP (Cooperativa dos Trabalhadores Assentados da Região de Porto Alegre), incluindo o Assentamento Capela onde se localiza a COOPAN (Cooperativa de Produção Agropecuária Nova Santa Rita LTDA). Entre os objetivos do trabalho estão o levantamento de dados relativos à melhoria de vida dos agricultores associados e às mudanças culturais em relação aos métodos produtivos. A pesquisa foi realizada com o uso de entrevistas semiestruturadas e observações feitas em saídas de campo. Entre os resultados mais relevantes está a opção pela produção orgânica e as consequências políticas desse caminho. / The present research occurred in the metropolitan region of Porto Alegre in six settlements linked to COOTAP (workers cooperative from Porto Alegre), including the Capela Settlement, where COOPAN is located (cooperative of agricultural production Nova Santa Rita LTDA). Among the objectives of this work, are the data collection related to the improvement of the life of the associated farmers and the cultural changes in relation to the productive methods. The research was made using semi-structured interviews and observations made in field trips. Among the most relevant results there is the choice for organic production and the political consequences of this path.
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Bra?nas e Lagoa da Pedra: quest?es socioambientais e de sa?de de comunidades rurais no entorno do Parque Nacional das Sempre Vivas, Diamantina, Minas GeraisBarros, Ana Caldeira de 16 August 2016 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2016 / As comunidades rurais sofrem de iniquidades em sa?de e normalmente t?m menor acesso a ela quando comparadas ?s comunidades urbanas. Se localizadas no entorno de unidades de conserva??o, podem apresentar caracter?sticas espec?ficas de conviv?ncia com o ambiente, tal como a preponder?ncia de uso de plantas medicinais nativas em rela??o ao uso de plantas cultivadas. Por outro lado, essas comunidades podem sofrer com inseguran?a e incertezas, devido ?s restri??es de uso da biodiversidade impostas pela legisla??o ambiental vigente. Acredita-se que s?o nas pr?ticas populares de sa?de, como o uso de plantas medicinais, que a popula??o busca apoio para o enfrentamento das situa??es de adoecimentos. O objetivo desse trabalho foi estudar as comunidades rurais de Bra?nas e Lagoa da Pedra quanto aos seguintes aspectos sociodemogr?ficos e de sa?de: composi??o familiar, escolaridade, dados ocupacionais, socioecon?micos; sistemas de produ??o de alimentos e extrativismo, sa?de do trabalhador e ao uso da medicina popular. As comunidades envolvidas no estudo s?o localizadas aproximadamente a 100 km da sede de Diamantina e a 20 km do distrito de Senador Mour?o, na margem direita do rio Jequitinhonha, na zona de amortecimento do Parque Nacional das Sempre Vivas, em Minas Gerais. A ?rea da pesquisa faz parte da mesorregi?o do Alto Jequitinhonha, nordeste do estado, transi??o de Cerrado e Mata Atl?ntica. Entre janeiro e abril de 2016, foram aplicados question?rios estruturados em 36 domic?lios, em que viviam 120 pessoas. As comunidades plantavam principalmente feij?o nas margens do rio, sendo esta atividade e a venda da produ??o a mais importante ocupa??o e fonte de renda local. A maior parte dos entrevistados relatou cultivar hortali?as e legumes (72%) ou outros alimentos em seus quintais (97%) para autoconsumo. A cria??o de animais de produ??o e/ou de estima??o foi relatada por 94% dos entrevistados. A maioria das casas tinha estrutura de adobe, cobertura de telha de barro e piso de cimento, sendo que a principal car?ncia de saneamento ambiental foi a presen?a de fossa rudimentar na maioria das resid?ncias. As comunidades apresentaram rela??es espec?ficas de conviv?ncia com o ambiente local. Nesse ?mbito, foram citadas pelos entrevistados 139 plantas de uso medicinal, seus locais de coleta, modo de fazer e indica??es terap?uticas. Os principais agravos investigados s?o comuns aos processos de adoecimentos de outras comunidades rurais do pa?s, tais como parasitoses intestinais e acidentes com animais pe?onhentos. Al?m desses, hipertens?o arterial, problemas de pele e respirat?rios tamb?m foram recorrentes. / Disserta??o (Mestrado Profissional) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Sa?de, Sociedade e Ambiente, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2016. / The rural communities suffer with health disabilities and usually have less access to health systems compared to urban communities. If these communities are located in conservation units? surroundings, they can exhibit specific familiarities with their localenvironment, such as the main use of native medicinal plants instead the use of cultivated herbal plants. In contrast, these communities can suffer uncertainties about the use of local biodiversity given the present environment policy. There is a belief that popular health practices, such as medicinal plants, can help to improve common illness. The main object is to study the rural communities of Bra?nas and Lagoa da Pedra according to the following socialeconomics and health aspects: family composition, educational level, active work force, food production and extrativism, workers? health and popular health practices. These two communities are situated at the northeast of Minas Gerais State and within the Alto Jequitinhonha mesoregion, proximally 100 km from Diamantina, MG . and 20 km from Senador Mour?o District. They are also located in a buffer zone of Sempre Vivas National Park and within the biome transition zone of Cerrado and Atlantic Forest. Between January and April/2016 structured questionnaires were applied on 36 households, in which inhabit 120 dwellers. These communities cultivate manly beans in the rivers margins and this activity is the main source of local income. The interviewers mostly cultivated vegetables (72%) or other kind of crops (97%) and farm animals or pets (94%) in their backyards for selfpreservation. Almost all houses were made of adobe, covered by clay tiles and cement floor and the main lack of environmental sanitation condition found is rudimentary cesspits. The communities have familiarities with local environment and in this case, 139 medicinal plants were described by interviewers, such as their extraction location, how to prepare and their therapeutics indications. The main illness concerns investigated in this study are common to other Brazilians? rural communities, such as intestinal parasites and accidents with venomous animals. Besides these illnesses, hypertension, skin rashes and breathing problems also occur frequently.
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Política agrária e o desenvolvimento socioeconômico em assentamentos emancipados - o caso Mucatu. / Agrarian policy and socioeconomic development in emancipated settlements - the Mucatu case.LEBSA, Nadine Gualberto Agra. 12 September 2018 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2002 / A situação de pobreza do homem do campo brasileiro vem sendo configurada ao
longo da história, e aparece como resultado da concentração fundiária e das políticas
agrícolas voltadas, basicamente, para atender às necessidades de acumulação do capital no campo. Nesse cenário de desigualdades, os conflitos e a violência no campo vêm
aumentando, levando à formação de projetos de assentamentos. Esse trabalho tem como
objetivo analisar a capacidade de auto-sustentação do projeto de assentamento emancipado Mucatu, localizado no Litoral Sul paraibano. Chegou-se a conclusão que as políticas de reforma agrária não foram aplicadas corretamente pelo INCRA; como consequência, apenas alguns agricultores se encontram em condições de produzir e comercializar seus produtos; a grande maioria, contudo, enfrenta dificuldades como a falta de crédito, de assistência técnica, e de assistência médico-hospitalar. pragas nas lavouras, enfraquecimento da associação e queda da renda familiar, o que leva à afirmação que Mucatu foi emancipado sem as devidas condições de auto-sustentação. / The situation of poverty of the man of the Brazilian field comes being configured to
the long one of history, and appears as resulted of the agrarian concentration and the come back agricultural politics, basically, to take care of to the necessities of accumulation of the capital in the field. In this scene of inaqualities, the conflicts and the violence in the field come magnifying, leading to the formation of designs of nestings. This work has as
objective to analvze the capacity of self-sustainment of the design of emancipated nesting
Mucatu. located in the paraibano South Coast. It was arrived conclusion that the politics of
agrarian reform had not been applied correctly by the INCRA; as consequence, only some
agriculturists if find in conditions to produce and to commercialize its products: the great
majority, however, faces difficulties as the lack of credit. assistance technique. and health
care assistance. plagues in the farmings. weakness of the association and fali of the familiar income. what it leads to the affirmation that Mucatu was emancipated without the had conditions of self-sustainment.
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Clientelismo e brokerage na reforma agrária : a ascensão das novas elitesMello, Paulo Freire January 2011 (has links)
O assentamento Viamão, localizado no município de mesmo nome, foi o local escolhido para compreender as estratégias de ascensão social de determinados grupos de assentados. Partimos da hipótese de que o espaço de mediação entre o INCRA e os assentamentos está permeado de relações do tipo patrão-cliente, o que possibilita o controle dos recursos públicos por parte do segmento dos assentados que dirigem ou estão vinculados ao MST e, com isso, promovem a ascensão de uma elite política nos assentamentos, com os correlatos prejuízos por parte daqueles que não se enquadram às novas hierarquias. Para dar conta desta tarefa, acompanhamos o desenrolar das ações dos mediadores e as disputas internas pelo controle dos recursos públicos (terra, água para irrigação do arroz, recursos financeiros e até a possibilidade de definição daqueles que devem ser ou não punidos pelo INCRA, órgãos de controle e justiça) entre as duas principais facções internas. Para além das vicissitudes típicas de assentamentos brasileiros, este contou com algumas peculiaridades – grande presença de várzeas, ausência de demarcação por logo período e limitações relacionadas à presença de reservas ambientais – que conformaram uma fraca institucionalização interna e contribuíram para engendrar modos de vida adaptativos. O principal deles foi representado por uma combinação de pluriatividade com arrendamento das várzeas para plantio do arroz por outros assentados. Este processo foi viabilizado por coalizões informais, na forma de conjuntos-ação com elementos de relação patrão-cliente. Constatamos que o grupo ligado ao MST, com ideário socializante e, fundamentalmente, ecologizante, obteve êxito no domínio do espaço de mediação, inclusive pela expulsão daqueles que o opunham. Isto foi possível graças a uma cadeia clientelística que começava nos conjuntos-ação, passava por brokers internos ao assentamento e alcançava as “panelinhas” existentes no INCRA, momento em que o processo se apresenta como uma espécie de clientelismo concentrado, na medida em que somente os líderes do MST conseguem construir pontes entre o buraco estrutural que separa o INCRA dos assentados e consolidar uma doxa legitimadora do discurso militante, causa e conseqüência deste processo. / Viamão The settlement, located in the municipality of the same name, was the venue for understanding the strategies for social mobility of certain groups of settlers. Our hypothesis is that the area of mediation between INCRA and the settlements is permeated by relations of patron-client, which enables control of public resources by the segment of the settlers who run or linked to the MST and thus, promote the rise of a political elite in the settlements, with the related losses by those who do not fit the new hierarchies. To cope with this task, we follow the progress of the actions of mediators and the infighting for control of public resources (land, water for irrigation of rice, funds and even the possibility of defining those who should be punished or not by INCRA, organs control and justice) between the two main internal factions. In addition to the vicissitudes of typical Brazilian settlements, it had some peculiarities - the large presence of wetlands, lack of demarcation for long period and limitations related to the presence of environmental reserves - which have made a weak internal institutionalization and helped engender adaptive lifestyles. The main one was represented by a combination of pluriativity with tenancy of the paddy fields for planting rice by other settlers. This process was made possible by informal coalitions in the form of jointaction with elements of patron-client relationship. We find that a group linked to the MST, with socialist and, essentially, ecological ideals succeeded in the area of mediation, including the expulsion of those who opposed. This was possible thanks to a chain that began in clientelistic joint-action, passed by the internal settlement brokers and reached the "panelinhas" of INCRA bureaucracy, when the process is presented as a sort of clientelism concentrated, in that only MST leaders can build bridges between the structural hole that separates the INCRA of the settlements and consolidate a discourse militant legitimating doxa, cause and consequence of this process.
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Assentamentos rurais da região metropolitana de Porto Alegre e a formação de cooperativasRosa, Luís Fernando Silveira da January 2018 (has links)
A presente pesquisa ocorreu na Região Metropolitana de Porto Alegre em seis assentamentos ligados à COOTAP (Cooperativa dos Trabalhadores Assentados da Região de Porto Alegre), incluindo o Assentamento Capela onde se localiza a COOPAN (Cooperativa de Produção Agropecuária Nova Santa Rita LTDA). Entre os objetivos do trabalho estão o levantamento de dados relativos à melhoria de vida dos agricultores associados e às mudanças culturais em relação aos métodos produtivos. A pesquisa foi realizada com o uso de entrevistas semiestruturadas e observações feitas em saídas de campo. Entre os resultados mais relevantes está a opção pela produção orgânica e as consequências políticas desse caminho. / The present research occurred in the metropolitan region of Porto Alegre in six settlements linked to COOTAP (workers cooperative from Porto Alegre), including the Capela Settlement, where COOPAN is located (cooperative of agricultural production Nova Santa Rita LTDA). Among the objectives of this work, are the data collection related to the improvement of the life of the associated farmers and the cultural changes in relation to the productive methods. The research was made using semi-structured interviews and observations made in field trips. Among the most relevant results there is the choice for organic production and the political consequences of this path.
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Reforma agrária: a administração política de assentamentos no Brasil: o estudo de caso sobre o Assentamento Frei VantuyMultari, Cecília Franco January 2014 (has links)
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DISSERTACAO FINAL para entrega.pdf: 2048972 bytes, checksum: f6fb494a1046366ef5d00ef4ce9234b8 (MD5) / A grande concentração de terras no território brasileiro dá-se, ao longo da história, por não ter havido a esperada reforma agrária no país. O presente texto visa refletir as políticas públicas adotadas nos diversos governos voltadas à política agrária. Este trabalho é resultado de uma pesquisa que pretende contribuir para a política agrária no Brasil e, para isso, foi selecionado o assentamento Frei Vantuy, localizado na rodovia Ilhéus-Itabuna, na região sul da Bahia. Nessa região foram identificadas as primeiras experiências com assentamentos rurais no estado voltadas para a agroecologia e o desenvolvimento sustentável através de cooperativas. Pretende-se identificar os mecanismos de gestão adotados pelos assentados e propor uma nova forma administração no campo. Great land ownership concentration in Brazil has persisted throughout its history because of a long waited agrarian reform which has never happened. This study aims at reflecting about various public policies adopted by different governments focusing on agrarian settlement policy. The study is the result of a research that hopes to contribute for Brazil‟s agrarian policy which was carried out at Frey Vantuy rural settlement located along the Itabuna-Ilhéus highway, in the southern region of Bahia. There were identified in this region the first experiences made with rural settlement in the state focusing on agro-ecology and sustainable development via cooperatives. It is, therefore, intended to reveal the management mechanisms adopted by the settled people so far and present a new form of rural management.
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TERRITORIALIDADES RURAIS EM JÚLIO DE CASTILHOS RS: DA PECUÁRIA EXTENSIVA À AGRICULTURA FAMILIAR. / RURAL TERRITORIALITIES IN JÚLIO DE CASTILHOS RS: FROM EXTENSIVE CATTLE RANCHING TO FAMILY FARM.Moreira, Vinicius Silva 29 February 2008 (has links)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Júlio de Castilhos City has undergone significant transformations in its rural space last decades. It has happened because of large lands retraction and extensive cattle ranching in favour of Soya new agriculture. The partial fragmentation of cattle breeding and its reorganization has occurred in three main forms: land rent, land sell and expropriation when non-productive land. It was carried out by Instituto Nacional de Colonização e Reforma Agrária (INCRA) because they were not taking their social function. The rural settlements made possible the introduction and the development of family farm in Júlio de Castilhos City and consequently the diversification of agricultural production. This research aimed at understanding the processes held responsible for the dynamics of Júlio de Castilhos rural space and its resulting conflits from 1960 to 2007. Moreover, it was analyzed productive, landing and socioeconomic transformations responsible for the formation of rural lands. The methodology is analytical and descriptive, based on field researches, through observation and interviews with farmers, landowners and other qualified informants. / O município de Júlio de Castilhos sofreu transformações significativas em seu espaço rural nas últimas décadas. Isso ocorreu devido à retração do latifúndio, domínio da pecuária extensiva, em favor da agricultura moderna da soja. A fragmentação parcial dos criatórios de gado e sua reestruturação ocorreram através de três formas predominantes: o arrendamento, a venda das propriedades e a desapropriação das terras improdutivas, realizada pelo Instituto Nacional de Colonização e Reforma Agrária INCRA, pois não estavam exercendo sua função social. Os assentamentos rurais possibilitaram a introdução e o desenvolvimento da agricultura familiar no Município e a conseqüente a diversificação da produção agrícola. Compreender os processos responsáveis pela dinâmica do espaço rural do Município e os conflitos decorrentes, no período entre 1960 a 2007, analisando as transformações produtivas, fundiárias e socioeconômicas responsáveis pela formação dos territórios rurais constituem os objetivos desta pesquisa. A metodologia é analítica-descritiva, fundamentada em trabalhos de campo, através de observações e entrevistas com os agricultores e proprietários rurais, além de outros informantes qualificados.
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