Successfully implementing continuous improvement and quality methodologies have been challenging over the past century. Challenges occur in managing change in the organization, which can be effectively addressed through relationship building in concert with strong leadership. Even with solid leadership, change management, and relationship building, initiatives have challenges quantifying and identifying when to intervene in order to keep them on track for success. Creating a quantitative model using a 3-parameter logit s-curve, Blythe S-curve, to illustrate the growth and decay of the handoff of projects to the process owner will allow leadership the knowledge and direction to keep the initiative moving in a positive direction. Leveraging the Hotelling T2 multivariate charts on the residuals derived from the Blythe S-curve will give definitive statistical evidence on when to intervene on projects in the earliest possible time frame. Leaders in organizations implementing and actively using change management, relationship building, the Blythe S-curve model, and Hotelling T2 multivariate charts to drive quality and continuous improvement methodologies in their organization will improve the likelihood of success.

The LUTCHI data are the main colour appearance data used as the basis of many colour appearance models including CIECAM97s. It was shown in the LUTCHI data that projected colours are very different from reflective colours however there are relatively fewer data for projected colours than for reflective colours. In this study, it is intended to expand the colour appearance data of projected and self-luminous colours. The additional colours would then help investigate the performance of existing colour appearance models and, if necessary, enable the derivation of a new model to improve performance for projected and self-luminous colours. Before the colour appearance study, firstly the performances of the instruments and the displays used in the study were investigated. It was found that LCD displays perform very differently from CRT monitors. Two mathematical characterisation models for LCD displays were developed named S-Curve Model I and S-Curve Model II. The new colour appearance data set, CII-Kwak, was accumulated by a series of psychophysical experiments. The magnitude estimation technique was applied with the same experimental set-up as for LUTCHI experiments. The CII-Kwak data set has 20 phases with a total of 28,608 estimations covering various displays, luminance of a reference white, background luminance factors, surround conditions and stimulus sizes. Based on the CII-Kwak and the LUTCHI data set, the colour appearance phenomena were analysed. It was found that there are systematic colour appearance changes by the viewing factors investigated. Also eight colour appearance models were tested using the CII-Kwak and LUTCHI data sets. CIECAM97s-based models performed similarly well, but all models tested failed to predict several colour appearance changes, especially under dark surround conditions, which lead to suggest a new colour appearance model to have a better performance for colour appearance predictions. The Kwak03 model was derived from the CIECAM02 with several major modifications such as the cone signal ratios and the omission of the dynamic function. The Kwak03 model was shown to outperform all the other colour appearance models tested and also to be capable of predicting all colour appearance phenomena found in this study with good accuracy.

El estudio, de tipo correlacional, se realizó al proyecto Centro Comercial Sur Sector Cuatro, de la empresa JE Construcciones SA; ubicada en la ciudad de Lima y parte de aplicar los lineamientos de la guía del PMBOK en la gestión del tiempo, costo y calidad; analizando y evaluando, la problemática generada en la obra durante la etapa de ejecución del periodo 15-03-15 al 15-05-15, hito importante en el proyecto. El análisis parte de dos escenarios: “Primer escenario”, representa el avance real en obra y “Segundo escenario”, representa el avance con el cronograma propuesto, calculándose el valor ganado del primer escenario que fue de S./115,342,840.09 y del segundo escenario que fue de S./153,008,434.03; que refleja la ejecución de obra sin retrasos y pérdidas económicas respecto al tiempo. La gestión de los costos, analiza las valorizaciones quincenales en la curva S para ambos escenarios, obteniéndose los indicadores que determinan el desempeño global de la obra. Para el primer escenario, la estimación a la conclusión (EAC) es S/. 216, 393,289.13 respecto al costo directo (BAC). La gestión de la calidad, implicó la aplicación del diagrama de Ishikawa y el diagrama de Pareto, evaluándose el impacto en el tiempo por los reprocesos del periodo en estudio, denotando una duración total de 76 días y el costo de S. / 86,067.90 que representa el 1.11% del periodo en estudio, conllevando a proponer el plan de calidad, protocolos para mejorar la calidad en los procesos. The study, of type correlational, was realized to the project “Centro Comercial Sur” sector four, of the company JE Constructions SA; located in the city of Lima and part of applying the alignments of guide of the PMBOK in the management of the time, cost and quality; analyzing and evaluating, the problematics generated in the work during the stage of execution of the period 15-03-15 to 15-05-15, important event in the project. The analysis departs from two scenarios: "The First scene", represents the real advance in work and "The Second scene", represents the advance with the proposed chronogram, there being calculated the earned value of the first scene that was S./115,342,840.09 and the second scene that was S./153,008,434.03; that reflects the execution of work without delays and economic losses with regard to the time. The management costs, analyzes the fortnightly valuations in the S curve for both scenarios, obtaining the indicators that determine the overall performance of the work. For the first scenario, the estimate at completion (EAC) is S /. 216, 393,289.13 regarding the direct cost (BAC). The quality management, involved the application of Ishikawa diagram and Pareto chart, evaluating the impact in time to rework the study period, implying a total duration of 76 days and the cost of S / 86,067.90 representing 1.11% of the study period, leading to propose the quality plan, protocols to improve process quality.

The content of the thesis is the modeling and implementation of the CNC control algorithm. This master thesis contains the description of issues of computer-controlled machines, the research of interpolation algorithms for control CNC machines and the modeling of the selected control algorithm with motor S-curve shaped speed profiles and simulation of chosen algorithms with S-shaped speed profiles in Matlab & Simulink.

<p>Presentation var via zoom.</p>

PN code tracking plays a very important role in CDMA communication systems. In literature, the influences of multipath fading and of multiuser interference on PN code tracking are studied separately. The multipath fading influence is mitigated by combining a rake receiver and a channel estimator in the Delay-Locked Loop (DLL). The multiuser interference is overcome by incorporating a data estimator into the DLL. In the downlink, PN code tracking may suffer from the multipath fading influence. However, the multipath fading and the multiuser interference influences exist in the uplink. Unfortunately, sole use of the aforementioned methods cannot solve out both influences simultaneously. In this thesis, two new Coherent Decision-Directed Delay-Locked Loop (CDD-DLL) PN-Code tracking schemes are developed and either can overcome both influences. First, a channel and a data estimators are incorporated into the DLL inherent with a rake receiver. This new scheme works properly in an environment with multipath fading and multiuser interference. Second, the original CDD-DLL is combined with a multipath interference canceller (MPI) to reduce both influences. Analytical results are derived for the two schemes proposed and are validated with numerical simulations. Simulation results show that the conventional DLLs working in a multipath fading and multiuser interference environment can be significantly improved using the new schemes. Moreover, the latter outperforms the former because the multipath interference is cancelled completely.

The content of the thesis is the modeling and implementation of the CNC control algorithm. This master thesis contains the description of issues of computer-controlled machines, the research of interpolation algorithms for control CNC machines and the modeling of the selected control algorithm with motor S-curve shaped speed profiles and simulation of chosen algorithms with S-shaped speed profiles in Matlab & Simulink.

Soot prediction from combustion systems is still a major challenge in high-fidelity simulations of reactive flows, especially in turbulent conditions. Among the critical aspects, due to its slow characteristic formation times, soot sensitivity to strain rate and turbulence-chemistry interaction models for combustion closure can be found. Starting from the laminar problem, Soot Formation (SF) and Soot Formation Oxidation (SFO) counterflow flames are studied, allowing assessment of the roles of the different underlying phenomena concurring at soot formation with varying strain rates, depending on their relevance in each configuration. Attention is devoted to the inception model, which always regulates the onset of soot formation, and entirely determines the soot sensitivity to strain rate in the SF configuration through nucleation and condensation. Besides, surface growth and oxidation are analyzed in the SFO configuration, where they are predominant. The corresponding models are fine-tuned and generalized, and improved predictions are obtained in both configurations. Afterwards, a 2-points flame-controlling continuation method with soot module inclusion is developed to build a tool capable of flamelets generation inclusive of soot effects on the gas phase. The implementation is first tested discussing general features of the S-curve and verifying the consistency with previous works. The tool is finally used to compute the S-curve of ethylene pressurized sooting flames. The models and tools developed are incorporated into an OpenFOAM-based solver to perform Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) simulations of sooting turbulent flames. These are studied in pressurized, highly turbulent environments, to validate the soot model at a fundamental level but with practically relevant operative conditions. The numerical results are found to satisfactorily depict the soot volume fraction (SVF) formation, even though a few quantitative and qualitative discrepancies are discussed. Furthermore, soot intermittency and pressure scaling are analyzed. Finally, an alternative turbulence-chemistry interaction model for combustion closure is explored. A generalized partially-stirred reactor model is developed which accounts for all chemical times in a consistent manner. While the applicability of available models is confined to specific turbulence-chemistry interaction regimes, the incorporation of detailed chemistry description in the proposed approach improves synergistic predictions of all species and makes it suitable for systems with characteristic times very different from each other, such as soot and NOx.

Les transmissions numériques par satellite sont largement utilisées dans plusieurs domaines allant des applications commerciales en orbites terrestres aux missions d'exploration scientifiques en espace lointain (Deep Space). Ces systèmes de transmission fonctionnent sur des très grandes distances et ils disposent des ressources énergétiques très limitées. Cela se traduit par un très faible rapport signal à bruit au niveau de la station de réception terrestre. Une possibilité d'établir une liaison fiable dans ces conditions très défavorables, réside dans l'utilisation de codes correcteurs d'erreurs puissants tels que les Turbo codes et le LDPC. Cependant, les gains de codage sont conditionnés par le bon fonctionnement des étages de la démodulation cohérente en amont, notamment l'étage de synchronisation. L'opération de synchronisation consiste à estimer et compenser le décalage en phase et en fréquence entre le signal reçu et l'oscillateur local du récepteur. Ces décalages sont généralement provoqués par des imperfections matérielles et le phénomène d'effet Doppler. A très faible rapport signal à bruit, les systèmes de synchronisation actuels se trouvent limités et incapables d'assurer les performances requises. Notre objectif est de fiabiliser l'étage de synchronisation du récepteur dans des conditions très difficiles de faible rapport signal sur bruit, d'effet Doppler conséquent avec prise en compte d'un phénomène d'accélération (Doppler rate) et d'une transmission sans pilote. Cette thèse CIFRE traite du problème de la synchronisation porteuse pour la voie descendante d'une transmission Deep Space. Après la réalisation d'une étude de l'état de l'art des techniques de synchronisation, nous avons retenu les boucles à verrouillage de phase (PLL: Phase Locked Loop). Dans un contexte industriel, les PLL offrent le meilleur compromis entre complexité d'implémentation et performances. Plusieurs détecteurs de phase basés le critère du maximum de vraisemblance ont été considérés et modélisés par leurs courbes caractéristiques. En se basant sur les modèles équivalents, nous avons développé une nouvelle étude de la phase d'acquisition non-linéaire d'une PLL du deuxième ordre avec un détecteur de phase semi-sinusoïdal. La deuxième partie de la thèse a été consacrée à l'étude des techniques de combinaison d'antennes. Ces méthodes visent à exploiter la diversité spatiale et améliorer le bilan de liaison de la chaîne de transmission tout en offrant une flexibilité de conception ainsi qu'une réduction considérable du coût d'installation. A l'issue de cette partie, nous avons proposé un nouveau schéma de combinaison d'antenne qui améliore le seuil de fonctionnement des systèmes existants. / In deep space communication systems, the long distance between the spacecraft and the ground station along with the limited capacity of the on-board power generator result a very low signal to noise ratio (SNR). However, such transmission still possible by using near Shannon limit error correction codes (Turbo code and LDPC code). Nevertheless, to take advantage of this coding gain, the coherent demodulation is mandatory, and the carrier phase synchronization must be reliable at more restrictive SNR. At very low SNR, current synchronization systems are limited and unable to provide the required performances. Our goal is to improve the reliability of the receiver synchronization stage under very difficult conditions of a very low SNR, a variable Doppler effect (Doppler rate) and a blind transmission. This thesis deals with the problem of carrier phase synchronization for the downlink of a Deep Space transmission. After the study of the existing solutions, we selected the phase locked loop (Phase Locked Loop: PLL). In an industrial context, PLL offers the best trade-off between complexity and performance. Several phase detectors based on the maximum likelihood criterion were considered and characterized by their S-curves. Based on the equivalent models, we have developed a new study of the non-linear acquisition phase of a second-order PLL with a semi-sinusoidal phase error detector. The second part of the thesis was dedicated to the antennas combining techniques. These methods aim to improve the link budget of the transmission and offer more flexibility. At the end of this part, we proposed a new antennas combining scheme that improves the operating threshold of existing systems.

Submitted by Gisele Isaura Hannickel (gisele.hannickel@fgv.br) on 2012-04-24T18:53:49Z No. of bitstreams: 1 120423 Master Thesis FGV.pdf: 3697873 bytes, checksum: f3ccbecacf430eaee0f0606f9daa9f36 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Eliene Soares da Silva (eliene.silva@fgv.br) on 2012-04-25T15:52:36Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 120423 Master Thesis FGV.pdf: 3697873 bytes, checksum: f3ccbecacf430eaee0f0606f9daa9f36 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-04-25T15:54:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 120423 Master Thesis FGV.pdf: 3697873 bytes, checksum: f3ccbecacf430eaee0f0606f9daa9f36 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-04-23 / Internet Telephony (VoIP) is changing the telecommunication industry. Oftentimes free, VoIP is becoming more and more popular amongst users. Large software companies have entered the market and heavily invest into it. In 2011, for instance, Microsoft bought Skype for 8.5bn USD. This trend increasingly impacts the incumbent telecommunication operators. They see their main source of revenue – classic telephony – under siege and disappear. The thesis at hand develops a most-likely scenario in order to determine how VoIP is evolving further and it predicts, based on a ten-year forecast, the impact it will have on the players in the telecommunication industry.The paper presents a model combining Rogers’ diffusion and Christensen’s innovation research. The model has the goal of explaining the past evolution of VoIP and to isolate the factors that determine the further diffusion of the innovation. Interviews with industry experts serve to assess how the identified factors are evolving.Two propositions are offered. First, VoIP operators are becoming more important in international, corporate, and mobile telephony. End-to-end VoIP (IP2IP) will exhibit strong growth rates and increasingly cannibalize the telephony revenues of the classic operators. Second, fix-net telephony in SMEs and at home will continue to be dominated by the incumbents. Yet, as prices for telephony fall towards zero also they will implement IP2IP in order to save costs. By 2022, up to 90% of the calls will be IP2IP. The author recommends the incumbents and VoIP operators to proactively face the change, to rethink their business strategies, and to even be open for cooperation.