Orientador: Jacks Jorge Junior / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba / Made available in DSpace on 2018-10-26T17:47:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Melo_NadjaRodriguesde_M.pdf: 3247748 bytes, checksum: ec0e60306b5c5d2873bfc5144e7f933b (MD5) Previous issue date: 1999 / Resumo: Desde a caracterização da AIDS no início dos anos oitenta, aumentou o número de pacientes imunossuprimidos com as mais variadas expressões clínicas associadas. Uma delas, a candidose bucal, infecção fúngica muito comum, assumiu posição de importância insuspeita até então causando assim intensificação dos estudos associados a esta importante doença. O presente estudo teve por objetivo determinar, longitudinalmente, por um ano, a contagem e identificação do gênero Candida na saliva total de pacientes portadores do HIV, correlacionando com aspectos clínicos e parâmetros laboratoriais. Foram avaliados 188 pacientes, 93 dos quais por um período mínimo de 1 ano, portadores do HIV e provenientes do Grupo de Pesquisa em OST (GPO) - UNICAMP, incluídos no protocolo de pesquisa multicêntrico randomizado, duplo cego, com inibidor de protease H/V (Protocolo MK-639), em combinação com outros antiretrovirais, fase aberta, que está sendo desenvolvido há três anos. O paciente desta pesquisa tinha 35,2 ::!: 8,2 anos, era do gênero masculino (64,9%), leucoderma (82,4%), com instrução primária (51,6%), e casado (43,6%) ou solteiro (37,2%). Eram classificados no grupo C3 (36,7%) ou 82 (28,2%) e com a categoria de exposição, para o gênero masculino, o homossexualismo (37,7%) ou uso de drogas injetáveis (35,2%), e para o feminino, o heterossexualismo (98,5%). Os pacientes. foram submetidos a exames clínicos e laboratoriais periódicos e padronizados para determinação de indicadores de saúde geral Ie bucal tais como situação sorológica, clínico-epidemiológica, marcadores laboratoriais, fluxo salivar e análise microbiológica da saliva. A candidose bucal foi encontrada em 32% dos pacientes e nestes, a contagem de UFC/ml foi significantemente maior (p=O,OO) do que nos que não apresentaram esta manifestação bucal. A densidade de colonização por Candida não mostrou correlação com os principais marcadores de imunidade como linfócitos CD4, linfócitos C08, carga viral, entretanto foram significativos para contagem de glóbulos brancos (p= -0,0004), dosagens de TGO e TGP (p= 0,01 e p=0,02) respectivamente. C.albicans correspondeu a 75,8% das espécies identificadas / Abstract: Since the characterization of the AIOS in 1981, it has been increasing the number of immunesuppressed patients that express the most varied associated clinical expressions. One of them, the buccal candidosis, a very common fungal infection, have assumed position unsuspicious importance until then causing the intensification of the studies associated to this important infection. The present study had for objective to determine, longitudinally, for one year, the counts and identification of the gender Candida in the whole saliva of patient carriers of HIV, correlating with clínical aspects and laboratorial parameters. They were appraised 188 patient, 94 of the which for a 1 year-old minimum time, carriers of HIV and coming of the Group of Research in OST (GPO) UNICAMP, included in the protocol of research multicentric randomized, double blinded, with HIV protease inhibitor (MK-639 Protocol), open phase, that have been done during the last three years. The medium patient of this research had 35,2 :f: 8,2 years, they were of male gender (64,9%), white (82,4%), with primary instruction (51,6%), and married (43,6%) or single (37,2%). They were classified in the group C3 (36,7%) or 82 (28,2%). The risk category was, for the male gender, the homosexuality (37,7%) or the use of injected drugs (35,2%), and for the female gender, the heterosexuality (98,5%). The patients were submitted to periodical clinical ar'!d laboratorial exams in order to determine such indicators of general and buccal health as serologic situation, laboratorial markers, I salivary flow and microbiological analysis of the saliva~ The buccal candidosis was found iA 32% of the patients and in these, the UFC/ml counts was significant larger (p=O,OO) than in those patients that didn't present this oral manifestation. The colonization density for Candida show correlation (p=0,06) with immunity markers as C04 Iymphocytes counts, but didn't show correlation with CD8 Iymphocytes counts, viral load, only significant results for white cell counts (p= -0,02)" TGO and TGP levels (both p = -0,03). C.albicans corresponded at 78,5% of the identified species. The density of colonization of the saliva, expressed in UFC/ml, for Candida showed correlation with local and systemic factors / Mestrado / Biologia e Patologia Buco-Dental / Mestre em Ciências

Objetivos: Durante años, el diagnóstico de la enfermedad periodontal se ha basado en parámetros clínicos, estos parámetros clínicos convencionales miden la consecuencia de la enfermedad y la cantidad de tejido que ha sido dañado, sin embargo, no brindan información específica acerca de la actividad, progresión de la enfermedad y su respuesta al tratamiento. La respuesta del huésped a la enfermedad periodontal incluye la liberación de diferentes enzimas, algunas de ellas relacionadas con injuria y daño tisular como la enzima Alanina aminotransferasa (ALT).El propósito de este estudio fue comparar los niveles de la enzima ALT en saliva estimulada entre pacientes sanos y con enfermedad periodontal como también antes y después del tratamiento periodontal con la finalidad de conocer si la enzima ALT es un biomarcador útil para la enfermedad Periodontal. Diseño del estudio: El grupo de estudio estuvo conformado por 40 sujetos, 20 con Gingivitis y 20 con Periodontitis. El grupo control estuvo conformado por 20 sujetos sanos. Se recolectó saliva estimulada con la técnica de Parafina en ambos grupos mediante la utilización de tubos estériles y se determinó la absorbancia de ALT a través del Espectrofotómetro .Asímismo el diagnóstico de la enfermedad Periodontal en los grupos de estudio fue determinada en base a parámetros clínicos tales como el Índice de Higiene oral de O leary, índice de sangramiento gingival, profundidad al sondaje y nivel de Adherencia clínica. Resultados: Los resultados demostraron diferencia estadísticamente significativa en los niveles de ALT en el grupo de estudio específicamente para el grupo Periodontitis (p<0,001) .Igualmente, los niveles de la enzima ALT disminuyeron de manera significativa después de la terapia periodontal (p<0,001). Conclusiones: En base a estos resultados se puede concluir que los niveles de la enzima ALT en saliva estimulada puede ser considerado un marcador útil para la enfermedad periodontal y en la evaluación de la terapia periodontal. Palabras claves: Diagnóstico, Periodontitis, Gingivitis, saliva / Objectives: For years, periodontal disease diagnosis was based on clinical parameters, these conventional clinical parameters measure the result of the disease and the amount of tissue that has been damaged, however, provide no information about the activity, progression of disease and response to treatment. The host response to periodontal disease include the release of different enzymes, some of which relate to injury and tissue damage as the enzyme Alanine aminotransferase (ALT). The purpose of this study was to compare the levels of the enzyme ALT in stimulated saliva from healthy patients with periodontal disease as well as before and after periodontal treatment in order to find a biomarker for periodontal disease. Design: The study group consisted of 40 subjects, 20 with gingivitis and 20 periodontitis. The control group consisted of 20 healthy subjects. Stimulated saliva was collected with Paraffin technique of both groups in sterile tubes and ALT concentration determined through the spectrophotometer before and after periodontal therapy, the latter in the study group. Likewise Periodontal disease was determined based on clinical parameters such as the Oral Hygiene Index O leary, gingival bleeding index, probing depth and clinical adherence level. Results: The results showed statistically significant differences in ALT levels in the study group specifically for Periodontitis group (p <0.001). Similarly, the enzyme ALT levels decreased after periodontal therapy (p <0.001). Conclusions: Based on these results it can be concluded that the enzyme ALT levels in stimulated saliva can be considered a biomarker for periodontal disease and the evaluation of periodontal therapy. Key words: Diagnosis, Gingivitis, Periodontitis, Saliva. / Tesis

El objetivo de la presente investigación fue determinar la actividad antimicrobiana del extracto de la hoja de Erythroxylum Novogranatense var. truxillense frente a la flora mixta salival. Mediante la técnica de maceración alcohólica, filtrado y evaporación a 40 ˚C del la solución alcohólica, se obtuvo los principios activos totales del Erythroxylum Novogranatense var. truxillense. Se utilizo 20 μl de agua destilada y alcohol rectificado de 96˚, en una proporción de 1:1, como control negativo. Al realizar las pruebas de sensibilidad se obtuvieron los siguientes resultados: Los diámetros de los halos de inhibición a la concentración de 250 μg/ 20 μl tuvieron una media de 10.95 mm (+ 0.26), los diámetros de los halos de inhibición a la concentración de 500 μg/ 20 μl tuvieron una media de 12.28 mm (+ 0.22), los diámetros de los halos de inhibición a la concentración de 1000 μg/ 20 μl tuvieron una media de 13.46 mm (+ 0.19), los diámetros de los halos de inhibición a la concentración de 1500 μg/ 20 μl tuvieron una media de 14.71 mm (+ 0.19) y con respecto a la medida de los halos de inhibición del control negativo se obtuvo una medida de 00 mm en todos los cultivos. Encontrándose que éstos difieren en forma estadísticamente significativa al 95% de confianza .

Anoplocephala perfoliata is a species of parasitic worm that belongs to a group known as cestodes, which specifically target equine animals. As with all types of tapeworms, these parasites infect the gastrointestinal tract of their host, with devastating and potentially fatal consequences. The current lack of a sensitive and specific test for this parasite means that it continues to go undetected, hense this project aims to develop a novel and rapid diagnostic test with high sensitivity and specificity to help increase detection, thus precluding economic loss in the equine industry. The project details the development of three unique detection platforms; an ELISA, a lateral flow assay and an impedimetric immunosensor, aimed to detect IgA in saliva, since IgA is the dominant immunoglobulin of the mucosal immune system. IgA was therefore believed to be the ideal marker for rapid, specific and early indication of infection with A. perfoliata. Diagnosis using saliva samples was an integral part of this project, since it would allow for non-invasive sampling, by non-skilled personnel. A highly sensitive ELISA-based detection system was developed in this project for the detection of 3 different types of IgA. The first ELISA was developed to detect non-specific or ‘total’ IgA levels. Using a sandwich ELISA format, IgA was detectable with a LoD of ~0.04 ng/ml. A second ELISA was developed using the crude excretory/secretory (E/S) antigen, cultured from A. perfoliata worms, which were obtained by a vet during post-mortem examination of infected horses. The crude antigen mix was then used to fabricate an ELISA to detect specific IgA in saliva, produced against the E/S antigens. The crude antigen was then employed in a series of SDS PAGE and western blot experiments, which revealed the 12/13 kDa antigen as the main antigen detected by IgA in saliva. The 12/13 kDa was then electroeluted and used to immunise rabbits, in order to obtain anti-12/13 kDa antibodies, which were later used to purify large quantities of the 12/13 kDa antigen from the crude antigen mix. This allowed for the fabrication of the third and final ELISA, to detect IgA specific to the 12/13 kDa antigen. The 3 ELISAs were optimised throughout this project to ensure the most ideal conditions, such as antibody concentrations, sample dilutions, sample diluents, incubation temperatures and times were employed to obtain maximum assay sensitivity, specificity and productivity in a commercial setting. Testing samples (n = 24) using all 3 ELISAs and then standardising the specific IgA levels against the non-specific IgA, allowed for a novel and reliable detection method for A. perfoliata to be developed. This diagnostic test was developed in partnership with Austin Davis Biologics Ltd., who in April 2014 launched a screening programme which now offers horse owners an accurate means of testing their horses for A. perfoliata infections accurately. The second detection platform developed during this project was a lateral flow assay, whereby an immunochromographic strip was used to measure IgA levels in saliva. The studies performed determined the optimal conditions as using 40 µl of a 1:1,000 dilution of saliva using PBS(T) 1% as the sample diluent. The capture and control antibody were used at a concentration of 0.2 mg/ml, which were coated on the nitrocellulose membrane using an automated dispensing system (BioDot). The conjugate was labelled using gold nanoparticles, since it does not require any substrates or wash steps and its aggregation allows for immediate visual detection. A LoD of ~47 ng/ml was obtained for this assay. The final detection system investigated as part of this project was a label-less impedimetric immunosensor, whereby IgA was detected by means of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Polyaniline was the conductive polymer chosen to coat the surface of the screen printed carbon electrode, since the amine groups could be utilised to immobilise biotin molecules. A biotin-avidin complex was employed to ensure the uniform immobilisation of the capture antibody. Using the capture and control antibody at a concentration of 50 µg/ml and 10 mM ferri-ferrocyanide as the redox solution, IgA concentrations over a range of 100 – 0 ng/ml were investigated by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS).

No description available.

published_or_final_version / Dentistry / Master / Master of Dental Surgery

Radiotherapy of malignancies in the head and neck often involves the major and minor salivary glands in the radiation field. Adverse effects, such as dry mouth symptoms, are common after such therapy. The aim of this thesis was to study longitudinal effects of fractionated irradiation to the head and neck on salivary gland function in man and in the rat and to test radioprotection from antioxidant vitamins (retinol, a-tocopherol and ^-carotene). A sharp decrease in parotid saliva flow rate was seen after one week of irradiation in cancer patients, but in some patients recovery was seen two months after completed treatment. Loss and recovery of salivary gland function were dependent on the total dose given. Irradiation with doses of &gt;65 Gy to the parotid glands led to permanent loss of function in the majority of parotid glands, while recovery could be seen after irradiation with doses of &lt;52 Gy. Concentrations of some proteins and electrolytes in saliva were increased during irradiation but no changes remained 18 months after radiotherapy. However, large inter-individual differences were seen. The irradiation effects observed in rats did not greatly differ from those seen in humans, but no recovery of salivary gland function was seen. On the one hand the impairments of saliva flow and composition w ere dose and time dependent, but on the other hand the response pattem differed between salivary components. Morphological alterations were not seen in the rat salivary' glands after tw'O or five weeks but 26 weeks after irradiation. No single model seems to be optimal for studying all parameters. Therefore, to study effects on salivary glands after irradiation the rat model must be adjusted to meet the questions addressed. Supplementation with vitamin A provided no radioprotection, whereas it w'as found that supplementation with a-tocopherol (3.4 mg/day) and ß-carotene (6 mg/day) during irradiation reduced the degree of inflammation and partly preserved salivary gland function. It did not, however, lead to morphometrically detectable differences in proportions of acinar or ductal cells or stroma.Keywords: Irradiation, salivary glands, saliva composition, antioxidants / <p>S. 1-82: sammanfattning, s. 85-152: 6 uppsatser</p> / digitalisering@umu

Diss. (sammanfattning) Umeå : Univ., 2007. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Univ., 2001. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

Lic.-avh. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karolinska institutet, 2005. / Härtill 2 uppsatser.