A contribuição desta pesquisa é dada através do dimensionamento dos impactos efetivos das rodovias, através da ampliação das áreas de influência para além das faixas lineares, acrescentando a avaliação da sensibilidade ambiental das bacias hidrográficas para a otimização do traçado de empreendimentos rodoviários. Foi produzida uma abordagem ordenada e sistemática das relações de causa e conseqüência nas bacias, integrando os impactos da rodovia TO-247, interligando as sedes municipais Lagoa do Tocantins e Mateiros. As sub-bacias da região da área do estudo foram classificadas mediante metodologia para estimativa de produção e transporte de sedimentos, em ambiente ArcGis ArcInfo, onde foi aplicado modelo derivado da Equação Universal da Perda de Solos (Universal Soil Loss Equation – USLE) adaptado de Wischmeier e Smith (1978) e da Relação de Distribuição de Sedimentos (Sediment Delivery Ratio – SDR) proposto por Ferro e Minacapilli (1995). Os resultados possibilitaram a classificação das sub-bacias conforme a porcentagem estimativa de carga de sedimentos que potencialmente viria a assorear os cursos d’água mediante a modificação do seu uso pela ocupação do solo induzida pela rodovia. Os critérios relevantes à definição do traçado da rodovia foram divididos em três: (1) aspectos ambientais, (2) aspectos construtivos e (3) aspectos socioeconômicos, tendo sido parametrizados através do uso de Sistema de Informação Geográfica com algoritmos em ambiente raster, na definição de caminhos de mínimo custo. A otimização da rota proposta sugere a adição de ganhos na orientação dos tomadores de decisão, como a inserção da rodovia TO-247 em bacias com menor nível de restrição de relação de aporte de sedimentos, redução das travessias sobre áreas protegidas, diminuição das obras de arte (bueiros e pontes) e da execução de cortes e aterros, incluindo a possibilidade de melhoria dos acessos aos pontos turísticos de interesse para o desenvolvimento regional. A incorporação de condicionantes hidrológicas através da classificação das bacias quanto a produção e transferência dos sedimentos destacou a principal novidade que foi a definição da área de influência delimitada pelos impactos ambientais de projetos rodoviários para os limites das bacias, podendo contribuir com o planejamento de estradas indutoras de desenvolvimento. / The contribution of this research is given by the design of effective impacts of highways, through the expansion of the influence areas beyond the linear tracks, adding the assessment of the environmental sensitivity of watersheds in order to optimize the layout of road projects. It was produced an orderly and systematic approach of the cause and consequence relations in the watersheds incorporating in it the TO-247 highway impacts, linking the cities of Mateiros and Lagoa do Tocantins. The watersheds in the region of the study area were classified using methodology for estimating production and transport of sediment in ArcGIS ArcInfo environment. It was applied the equation model derived from the Universal Soil Loss Equation - USLE adapted from Wischmeier and Smith (1978) and the Sediment Delivery Ratio - SDR according to what is proposed by Ferro and Minacapilli (1995). Those results allowed the classification of watersheds according to the percentage estimate of sediment load that would potentially silting up the waterways through modification of their usage by land use induced by the highway. The relevant criteria to define the highway route were divided into three: (1) environmental, (2) construction and (3) socioeconomic aspects, which have been parameterized by using Geographic Information System with algorithms in raster environment into the definition of low cost paths. The optimization of the route proposal in TO-247 suggests adding profit in orientation of decision makers, such as entering the highway in watersheds with lower levels of restriction regarding the amount of sediment, reduction of crossings on protected areas, reduction of culverts and bridges and the implementation of sections and embankments, including the possibility of improved access to interest tourist points for regional development. The incorporation of hydrological conditions through the classification of river watersheds as the production and transfer of sediments, which highlighted the main novelty, was the expansion circumscription of the influence area bounded by the environmental impacts of road projects for the limits of the watersheds, which may contribute to the planning of roads inducing development.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:37:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Chrystianne Rocha.pdf: 2924776 bytes, checksum: a1d74db138a8b87f0518f3a6ef67c404 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-07 / This master thesis presents the proposal of assigning the cognitive ability to a gap filler. Differently from the usual repeaters found on the market, the adaptive gap filler is able to automatically monitor tuned channels with the intention of verifying if the protection ratio described in Resolution nº398 from Anatel is being respected. Spectrum sensing techniques and the concepts related to coverage area will be addressed. Tests were carried out on the Matlab and GNU Radio Software with the purpose of analyzing the adaptive gap filler performance on real channels. / Este trabalho apresenta a proposta de atribuir ao gap filler a capacidade cognitiva . Diferentemente dos repetidores encontrados no mercado, o gap filler adaptativo tem como função monitorar, de forma autônoma, os canais sintonizados para verificar se a relação de proteção descrita na Resolução nº 398 da Anatel está sendo respeitada. Como fundamentos dessa proposta são abordadas as técnicas de sensoriamento do espectro e os conceitos relacionados às áreas de cobertura. Em uma abordagem prática, os testes foram desenvolvidos no Matlab e no GNU Radio, em que se analisa a atuação do gap filler adaptativo em canais reais.

Submitted by Marta Toyoda (1144061@mackenzie.br) on 2018-02-06T23:04:35Z No. of bitstreams: 2 RICARDO SERIACOPI RABAÇA.pdf: 12578451 bytes, checksum: 9aa6f50946d5c917a7ea4e5b6841ef6f (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Paola Damato (repositorio@mackenzie.br) on 2018-04-03T12:57:50Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 RICARDO SERIACOPI RABAÇA.pdf: 12578451 bytes, checksum: 9aa6f50946d5c917a7ea4e5b6841ef6f (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-03T12:57:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 RICARDO SERIACOPI RABAÇA.pdf: 12578451 bytes, checksum: 9aa6f50946d5c917a7ea4e5b6841ef6f (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-08 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa / This project presents the history, basic information and advantages of using Software De ned Radio (SDR), diversity, layer division multiplexing (LDM) technique and the latest digital TV standards in a digital communication system. These subjects have been relevant in the scienti c community, making the project attractive in terms of the possibility of discoveries and optimizations. After that, the implementation of a digital communication system using these technologies is proposed. This implementation was performed by means of GRC simulation software and the use of C++ and Python programming languages. Therefore, it was necessary to test the steps of coding, modulation and digital transmission / reception. Finally, tests were performed with systems that use diversity, for example, Single-Input Single-Output (SISO), as well as setting Single-Input Multiple-Output (SIMO), using the settings 1x 2, 1x3 and 1x4, in order to compare possible advantages in spectrum utilization, data rate and system robustness to interference. / O presente projeto apresenta o histórico, as informações básicas e as vantagens da utilização do rádio definido por software, do inglês Software Defined Radio (SDR), da diversidade, da técnica de multiplexacão por divisão em camadas, do inglês Layered Division Multiplexing (LDM) e dos mais modernos padrões de TV digital em um sistema de comunicação digital. Estes temas vêm repercutindo de forma relevante na comunidade científica, tornando o projeto atrativo em termos de possibilidade de descobertas e otimização. Posteriormente, a implementação de um sistema de comunicação digital unindo estas tecnologias _e proposta. Esta implementação foi realizada por meio do software de simulação GNU Radio Companion (GRC) e do uso das linguagens de programação C++ e Python. Para tanto, foi necessário testar as etapas de codificação, modulação e a transmissão/recepção digital. Finalmente, foram realizados testes com sistemas que utilizam diversidade, como, por exemplo, os métodos com uma entrada e uma saída, do inglês Single-Input Single-Output (SISO), além do método com uma entrada e múltiplas saídas, do inglês Single-Input Multiple-Output (SIMO), com as configurações 1x2, 1x3 e 1x4, com o intuito de comparar possíveis vantagens no aproveitamento do espectro, na taxa de dados e na robustez do sistema à interferências.

Este trabalho apresenta os resultados preliminares de levantamento arqueológico realizado na RDS Amanã, Estado do Amazonas. Situada na região do médio curso do rio Solimões e baixo Japurá, a RDS Amanã está na fase de preparo do seu plano de gestão. A respeito do Patrimônio Arqueológico existente na reserva Amanã 32 sítios arqueológicos formados por terra preta, cerâmica e material lítico polido foram identificados em etapas de levantamento realizadas entre 2006 e 2008. Levando em consideração o tamanho, densidade e variabilidade dos vestígios arqueológicos, assim como, a intensidade dos processos pós-deposicionais os sítios Boa Esperança e Bom Jesus do Baré foram escolhidos para realização de mapeamentos e escavação. O objetivo principal desse mestrado é apresentar o contexto arqueológico da reserva Amanã a partir de uma perspectiva comparativa com pesquisas arqueológicas que ocorrem em outros locais da Amazônia. Mais especificamente com a cronologia estabelecida para as ocupações ceramistas na Amazônia Central e áreas adjacentes, como Baixo Amazonas e médio Rio Caquetá/Japurá. A partir de dados relativos ao tamanho, composição, formato e estratigrafia dos sítios, assim como analise cerâmica e datações é formulada uma cronologia preliminar para o lago Amanã. / The main goal of this dissertation is to introduce the archaeological context of the Amanã Sustainable Development Reserve, situated near the middle course of the Amazon and the lower course of the Japurá Rivers, in the state of Amazonas; its management plan is currently under preparation. This context is then compared to the archaeology of other areas of Amazonia. Preliminary results of the archaeological survey carried out between 2006 and 2008 will be presented, during which time 32 archaeological sites were identified. These are composed of anthropogenic dark earth, pottery and ground lithics. The Boa Esperança and Bom Jesus do Baré archaeological sites were selected for mapping and excavation due to their size, density and the variability of archaeological material they contain. An initial chronology for the Amanã Lake is put forward, based on data related to site size, composition, form and stratigraphy. This is then contrasted to ceramicist occupations identified in the Central Amazon and adjacent areas (the Lower Amazon and middle Caquetá/Japurá). Such a comparative approach is employed as a tool to allow the insertion of the Amanã Lake in the wider scenario, in this way allowing for a contribution to debates and discussions that are important to Amazonian Archaeology, such as the origin and dispersal of ceramic traditions. The data will further provide information to be utilized with local inhabitants for the future development of research, public archaeology and the reserve\'s management activities.

Today radars are used to measure the distance to almost anything. It is used to determine the position of airplanes as well as the level of an oiltank. To achieve high precision in level gauging radars high quality components are demanded. This makes them expensive. In this project we evaluate the possibility to use relatively cheap components, used in radio communication, to measure distances with an OFDM-modulated signal. The components are cheap due to large production volumes rather than low performance. To do this we started with working out the theory needed for length estimation. At our disposal we had the SDR SFF Development Platform from Lyrtech. A simulation model of the platform was built in MatLab. This model was used to verify the theory developed. Finally our algorithms was implemented on the development platform. Both simulations and real life measurements show that OFDM can be used to measure distances. Even though the hardware used in this project is not dedicated for this application we managed to perform measurements with good accuracy at short range. We believe that with more suitable hardware OFDM-radars will be able to compete with todays high end level gauging radars at all ranges. / Nu för tiden används radar för att mäta avstånd i en rad olika sammanhang. Det används till allt från att bestämma positionen på flygplan till att mäta nivån i oljetankar. För att uppnå den höga precision som krävs vid nivåmätning ställs höga krav på de ingående komponenterna. Detta gör att radarn blir dyr. I detta examensarbete utvärderar vi möjligheten att använda relativt billiga komponenter, som används inom radiokommunikation, för att mäta avstånd med hjälp av en OFDM-modulerad signal. Dessa komponenter är billiga till följd av stora tillverkningsvolymer, inte för att de är dåliga. Till att börja med tog vi fram den teori som behövdes för att skatta avstånd. Till vårt förfogande hade vi Lyrtechs SDR SFF Developmemt Platform. En simuleringsmodell av platformen gjordes i MatLab vilken användes för att verifiera teorin. Slutligen implementerades algoritmerna på utvecklingsplattformen. Både simuleringar och riktiga mätningar visar att OFDM kan användas för att mäta avstånd. Trots att hårdvaran som användts under examensarbetet inte är anpassad för avståndsmätning blev mätresultaten goda för korta avstånd. Vi är övertygade om att med en, för ändamålet, mer anpassad hårdvara kommer en OFDM-radar upppnå samma precision som dagens högpresterande nivåmätareäven för längre avstånd.

This thesis is part of the project undertaken to develop a diffusive acoustic confocal imaging system (DACI) that aims to differentiate between healthy and the diseased tissues in the prostate. Speed of sound is chosen as the tool to quantify the alterations in the tissues’ mechanical properties at different pathological states. The current work presents a scanning configuration that features three components: an acoustic emitter, a focusing mirror and a point receiver. The focusing mirror brings the collimated acoustic beam from the emitter into a focused probe position, which needs to be located within the bladder or at the near surface of the prostate. This position is introduced as the virtual source, where the acoustic intensity diffusively scatters into all directions and propagates through the specimen. The system design was simulated using ZEMAX and COMSOL to validate the concept of the virtual source. Lesions in a phantom prostate were found in the simulated amplitude and phase images. The speed of sound variation was estimated from the 1D unwrapped phase distribution indicating where the phase discontinuities existed. The measurements were conducted in a water aquarium using the tissue-mimicking prostate phantom. Two-dimensional projected images of the amplitude and the phase distributions of the investigating acoustic beam were measured. A USRP device was set up as the signal generation and acquisition device for the experiment. Two different signal extractions methods were developed to extract the amplitude and the phase information. The experimental results were found to generally agree with the simulation results. The proof-of-concept design was successful in measuring both the phase and the amplitude information of the acoustic signal passing through the prostate phantom. In future, the 2D/3D speed of sound variation needs to be estimated by an appropriate image reconstruction method. / Graduate / 2018-12-06

Thesis deals with the issue of lighting technology control using wireless technology. Thesis includes a description of current possibilities of control light technology, methods of digital signal transmission using radio waves and protocols dealing with this issue are described. This thesis also contains a park aimed at the selection of suitable electronic components including the design of individual electronic blocks and printed circuit board. The conclusion of the thesis is the realization of electronic modules, including the creation of module software and measurement of achieved parameters under real conditions.

The work deals with the use of software-defined radio as a probe for monitoring the operation of wireless communication according to the IEEE 802.11a/g standard. In the theoretical introduction, the concept of software-defined radio as a hardware device with software programmable circuits enabling the transmission or reception of signals in theoretically any frequency band is introduced. The introduction also contains adescription of selected devices and the IEEE 802.11 protocol with its most used additionsand modulations. In the first part of the practical part of the work, wireless communication is capturedusing a wireless network card in monitoring mode. The intercepted communication was decrypted and this decrypted traffic was compared with the data captured by the probe within the network. These results then served as acomparative basis for software-defined radio capturing. The focus of this work is to verify the capabilities of software-defined radio and its use for sniffing wireless communicationin the frequency band 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz. The attempt to use a software-defined radio here results from the scalability and adaptability that a wireless card cannot offer due to fixed hardware parameters. LimeSDR mini, LimeSDR and bladeRF 2.0 devices were used for capture. First, the configuration of the operating system, the installation of drivers and programs for control and work with selected devices are described. After verifying the functionality of the software-defined radio, a model of a signal decoder with the parameters of the IEEE 802.11g standard captured from the radio spectrum was put into operation. Finally, the data streams captured by the software-defined radio and the wireless network card were compared side by side. The results showed that the software-defined radio in the used configuration captures only a part of the total volume of transmitted frames.

Aujourd'hui, il y a une augmentation du nombre de normes étant intégré dans des appareils mobiles. Les problèmes principaux sont la durée de vie de la batterie et la taille de l'appareil. L'idée d'un Radio-Logiciel est de pousser le processus de numérisation aussi près que possible de l'antenne. Dans cette thèse, nous présentons la première mise en œuvre d'un récepteur radio-logiciel complet basé sur Sigma-Delta RF passe-bande, y compris un LNA à gain variable (VGLNA), un ADC Sigma-Delta RF sous-échantillonné, un mélangeur bas-conversion RF numérique et un filtre de décimation polyphasé multi-étage multi-taux. Le VGLNA élargit la gamme dynamique du récepteur multi-standard pour atteindre les exigences des trois normes sans fil ciblées. Aussi une architecture mixte, en utilisant à la fois Source-Coupled Logic (SCL) et des circuits CMOS, il est proposé d'optimiser la consommation des circuits RF numériques. Par ailleurs, nous proposons une architecture de filtre en peigne à plusieurs étages avec décomposition polyphase à réduire la consommation d'énergie. Le récepteur est mesuré pour trois normes différentes dans la bande de 2.4 GHz, la bande ISM. Les résultats des mesures montrent que le récepteur atteint 79 dB, 73 dB et 63 dB de plage dynamique pour les normes Bluetooth, ZigBee et WiFi respectivement. Le récepteur complet, mis en œuvre dans le procédé CMOS 130 nm, a une fréquence centrale accordable de 300 MHz et consomme 63 mW sous 1.2 V. Comparé à d'autres récepteurs, le circuit proposé consomme 30% moins d'énergie, la plage dynamique est de 21 dB supérieur, IIP3 est de 6 dB supérieur et le facteur de mérite est de 24 dB supérieur. / Nowadays there is an increase in the number of standards being integrated in mobile devices. The main issues are battery life and the size of the device. The idea of a Software Defined Radio is to push the digitization process as close as possible to the antenna. Having most of the circuit in the digital domain allows it to be reconfigurable thus requiring less area and power consumption. In this thesis, we present the first implementation of a complete SDR receiver based on RF bandpass Sigma-Delta including a Variable-Gain LNA (VGLNA), an RF subsampled Sigma-Delta ADC, an RF digital down-conversion mixer and a polyphase multi-stage multi-rate decimation filter. VGLNA enlarges the dynamic range of the multi-standard receiver to achieve the requirements of the three targeted wireless standards. Also a mixed architecture, using both Source-Coupled Logic (SCL) and CMOS circuits, is proposed to optimize the power consumption of the RF digital circuits. Moreover, we propose a multi-stage comb filter architecture with polyphase decomposition to reduce the power consumption. The receiver is measured for three different standards in the 2.4 GHz ISM-band. Measurement results show that the receiver achieves 79 dB, 73 dB and 63 dB of dynamic range for the Bluetooth, ZigBee and WiFi standards respectively. The complete receiver, implemented in 130 nm CMOS process, has a 300 MHz tunable central frequency and consumes 63 mW under 1.2 V supply. Compared to other SDR receivers, the proposed circuit consumes 30% less power, the DR is 21 dB higher, IIP3 is 6 dB higher and the overall Figure of Merit is 24 dB higher.

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