Submitted by Katiane Souza (katyane.souza@gmail.com) on 2016-06-05T14:02:21Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 2790431 bytes, checksum: a5562366f8ed890f7b32c052abffeb75 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-05T14:02:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 2790431 bytes, checksum: a5562366f8ed890f7b32c052abffeb75 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-15 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The yellow passion fruit cultivation provides elevated social and economic importance to all regions of Brazil. In this sense, an experiment was conducted from May 2013 to December 2014, in the municipality of Remígio – PB, to evaluate the effects of irrigation with saline water, biofertilizer and potassium in the soil chemical attributes, mineral composition, gas exchanges, production and yellow passion fruits quality. The treatments were disposed on randomized blocks with subdivided plots, using factorial scheme 2 x 3 x 5, related to two electrical conductivity levels of irrigation water in the major plot (0.35 and 4.00 dS m-1), and the combination of three potassium sources (without fertilization, fertilized with slow liberation and conventional potassium chloride) in the sub-plot and five dosages of biofertilizer (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% of the dosages 15 L m-2), with three replicates and four plants per plot. To evaluation of the pH, electrical conductivity of the saturation extract, stomatal conductance, transpiration, liquid photosynthesis, carbon internal concentration and production compounds, as well as factorial cited above, we inserted two evaluation periods (sub-plot). To process data we used the statistical software SAS®. The interaction water × potassium × biofertilizer provided significant effects in the levels of organic matter, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, potential acidity, bases saturation, electrical conductivity of the saturation extract and percentage of exchangeable sodium in the superficial soil layer, and in the levels of organic matter, sodium, potential acidity, bases saturation, and electrical conductivity of the saturation extract in the depth 21-40 cm. The same interaction interfered significantly in the foliar levels of phosphorus, potassium, calcium, boron, copper, manganese, zinc and sodium, and in the fruit quality compounds referent to fruit longitudinal and transversal diameter, firmness, pulp yield and titratable acidity. Biofertilizer increased organic matter, phosphorus and potassium levels in the superficial and sub-superficial layers, regardless of the source of potassium used and the electric conductivity of irrigation water. Potassium chloride coatedwith organic polymers increased the pH values in layer 0-20 cm and phosphorus and calcium values in depth 21-40 cm in the treatments irrigated with non-saline water. The irrigation in the dry season increased the soil character from non-saline to saline. The waters from the rainy season leach part of the salt added by the irrigation water. At the beginning of flowering, passion fruit plants „BRS Gigante Amarelo‟ were adequately supplied in N, P and K, and deficient in calcium, magnesium, boron, iron, copper, manganese and zinc. The salinity of irrigation water decreased the stomatal conductance, the transpiration and liquid photosynthesis, and in the treatments with potassium chloride coatedwith polymers increased internal concentration of carbon. The biofertilizer associated to potassium fertilization increased the yellow passion fruit production compounds. The levels of soluble solids, titratable acidity, pulp yield and fruit vitamin C were adequate to the consume patterns required by the market. / A cultura do maracujazeiro amarelo exerce elevada importância social e econômica para todas as regiões do Brasil. Nesse sentido, um experimento foi realizado no período de maio de 2013 a dezembro de 2014, no município de Remígio - PB, para avaliar os efeitos da irrigação com água salina, biofertilizante e potássio nos atributos químicos do solo, na composição mineral, trocas gasosas, produção e qualidade dos frutos de maracujazeiro amarelo. Os tratamentos foram dispostos em blocos ao acaso, com parcelas subdivididas, usando o esquema fatorial 2 × 3 × 5, referentes a dois níveis de condutividade elétrica da água de irrigação na parcela principal (0,35 e 4,00 dS m-1), e na subparcela, a combinação de três fontes de potássio (sem adubação, adubado com cloreto de potássio convencional e de liberação lenta) e cinco doses de biofertilizante (0, 25, 50, 75 e 100% da dose de 15 L m-2), com três repetições e quatro plantas por parcela. Para avaliação do pH, da condutividade elétrica do extrato de saturação, da condutância estomática, da transpiração, da fotossíntese líquida, da concentração interna de carbono e dos componentes de produção, além do fatorial supramencionado, foi inserido duas épocas de avaliação (sub-subparcela). Para processamento dos dados foi utilizado o software estatístico SAS®. A interação água × potássio × biofertilizante exerceu efeitos significativos nos teores de matéria orgânica, fósforo, potássio, sódio, acidez potencial, saturação por bases, condutividade elétrica do extrato de saturação e percentagem de sódio trocável na camada superficial do solo, e nos teores de matéria orgânica, sódio, acidez potencial, saturação por bases e condutividade elétrica do extrato de saturação na profundidade de 21-40 cm. A mesma interação interferiu significativamente nos teores foliares de fósforo, potássio, cálcio, boro, cobre, manganês, zinco e sódio, e nos componentes de qualidade dos frutos referentes ao diâmetro longitudinal e transversal, firmeza, rendimento em polpa e acidez titulável. O biofertilizante elevou os teores de matéria orgânica, fósforo e potássio na camada superficial e subsuperficial, independentemente da fonte de potássio utilizada e da condutividade elétrica da água de irrigação. O cloreto de potássio revestido com polímeros orgânicos elevou os valores de pH na camada de 0-20 cm e de fósforo e cálcio na profundidade de 21-40 cm nos tratamentos irrigados com água não salina. A irrigação na estação seca elevou o caráter do solo de não salino para salino. As águas do período chuvoso lixiviaram parte dos sais adicionados pelas águas de irrigação. No início da floração, as plantas de maracujazeiro „BRS Gigante Amarelo‟ estavam adequadamente supridas em N, P, K e deficientes em cálcio, magnésio, boro, ferro, cobre, manganês e zinco. A salinidade da água de irrigação reduziu à condutância estomática, a transpiração e a fotossíntese líquida, e nos tratamentos com cloreto de potássio revestido com polímeros elevou a concentração interna de carbono. O biofertilizante associado à adubação potássica elevou os componentes de produção do maracujazeiro amarelo. Os teores de sólidos solúveis, acidez titulável, rendimento em polpa e vitamina C dos frutos estavam adequados aos padrões de consumo exigidos pelo mercado.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / O Orógeno Ribeira representa um cinturão de dobramentos e empurrões, gerado no Neoproterozóico/Cambriano, durante a Orogênese Brasiliana, na borda sul/sudeste do Cráton do São Francisco e compreende quatro terrenos tectono-estratigráficos: 1) o Terreno Ocidental, interpretado como resultado do retrabalhamento do paleocontinente São Francisco, é constituído de duas escamas de empurrão de escala crustal (Domínios Andrelândia e Juiz de Fora); 2) o Terreno Oriental representa uma outra microplaca e abriga o Arco Magmático Rio Negro; 3) o Terreno Paraíba do Sul, que constitui-se na escama superior deste segmento da faixa; e 4) o Terreno Cabo Frio, cuja docagem foi tardia, ocupa pequena área no litoral norte do estado do Rio de Janeiro. Em todos os diferentes compartimentos do segmento central da Faixa Ribeira podem ser identificadas três unidades tectono-estratigráficas: 1) unidades pré-1,8 Ga. (ortognaisses e ortogranulitos do embasamento); 2) rochas metassedimentares pós-1,8 Ga; e 3) granitóides/charnockitóides brasilianos. O Complexo Mantiqueira é composto por ortognaisses migmatíticos, tonalíticos a graníticos, e anfibolitos associados, constitui o embasamento pré-1,8 Ga das rochas da Megasseqüência Andrelândia no domínio homônimo do Terreno Ocidental. Foram integrados 68 dados litogeoquímicos dentre ortognaisses e metabasitos do Complexo Mantiqueira. As rochas dessa unidade pertencem a duas séries distintas: série calcioalcalina (rochas intermediárias a ácidas); e série transicional (rochas básicas, ora de afinidade toleítica, ora alcalina). Com base em critérios petrológicos, análise quantitativa e em valores [La/Yb]N, verificou-se que o Complexo Mantiqueira é bastante heterogêneo, incluindo diversos grupos petrogeneticamente distintos. Dentre as rochas da série transicional, foram identificados 2 conjuntos: 1) rochas basálticas toleiíticas, com [La/Yb]N entre 2,13 e 4,72 (fontes do tipo E-MORB e/ou intraplaca);e 2) rochas basálticas de afinidade alcalina, com [La/Yb]N entre 11,79 e 22,78. As rochas da série calciolacalina foram agrupadas em cinco diferentes conjuntos: 1) ortognaisses migmatíticos quartzo dioríticos a tonalíticos, com [La/Yb]N entre 11,37 e 38,26; 2) ortognaisses bandados de composição quarzto diorítica a granodiorítica, com [La/Yb]N entre 4,35 e 9,28; 3) ortognaisses homogênos de composição tonalítica a granítica, com [La/Yb]N entre 16,57 e 38,59; 4) leucognaisses brancos de composição tonalítica/trondhjemítica a granítica, com [La/Yb]N entre 46,69 e 65,06; e 5) ortognaisse róseo porfiroclástico de composição tonalítica a granítica, com [La/Yb]N entre 82,70 e 171,36. As análises geocronológicas U-Pb SHRIMP foram realizadas no Research School of Earth Science (ANU/Canberra/Austrália). Foram obtidas idades paleoproterozóicas para as rochas das duas séries identificadas, interpretadas como a idade de cristalização dos protólitos magmáticos desses gnaisses e metabasitos. Os resultados obtidos mostram uma variação de idades de cristalização de 2139 35 a 2143,4 9,4, para as rochas da série transicional, e de 2126,4 8 a 2204,5 6,7, para aquelas da série calcioalcalina. Dentre todas as amostras estudadas, apenas a amostra JF-CM-516IV forneceu dados discordantes de idades arqueanas (292916 Ma), interpretados como dados de herança. Contudo, evidências dessa herança semelhantes a esta são observadas em outras amostras. Ambas as séries também apresentaram idades de metamorfismo neoproterozóico, no intervalo de 548 17 Ma a 590,5 7,7 Ma que é consistente com o metamorfismo M1 (entre 550 e 590 Ma), contemporâneo à colisão entre os Terrenos Ocidental e Oriental do setor central da Faixa Ribeira (Heilbron, 1993 e Heilbron et al., 1995). / The Ribeira Orogen is a complex orogenic belt developed during the Brasiliano Orogeny, along the southern and southeastern borders of the São Francisco Craton, and is subdivided into four tectono-stratigraphic terranes: 1) the Occidental Terrane, taken as the reworked margin of São Francisco paleocontinent, displays an internal tectonic organization with two crustal scale thrust sheets (Andrelândia and Juiz de Fora); 2) the Oriental Terrane, comprises another crotonic block or microplate and includes the Rio Negro magmatic arc; 3) the Paraíba do Sul Terrane, which comprises the uppermost thrust slice of the central segment of the belt; and 4) the Cabo Frio Terrane, which occupies a restrict area at the coast of Rio de Janeiro State, records a late docking event. Within all the forementioned terranes, it can be identified three litho-tectonic units: pre-1.8 Ga basement units (orthognaisses and orthogranulites); 2) post-1.8 Ga supracrustal rocks; and 3) brasiliano granitoids and charnockitoids. Mantiqueira Complex comprises a great variety of tonalitic to granitic orthogneisses and minor orthoamphibolites. This unit comprises the basement rocks of the Andrelândia Megasequence within the Andrelândia tectonic domain. Lithogeochemical data of 68 samples, including orthogneisses and metabasites, indicate that the Mantiqueira Complex comprises two different series: calcalkaline series (intermediate to acid calcalkaline rocks); and transicional series (alkaline to tholeiitic basic rocks). Based on petrological criteria, quantitative analysis and [La/Yb]N values, it was possible to verify that the Mantiqueira Complex is heterogeneous and includes many petrogenetic groups. The transicional series comprises two groups: 1) tholeitic basic rocks, with [La/Yb]N between 2,13 and 4,72 (E-MORB and/or Intraplate type); and 2) alkaline basic rocks, with [La/Yb]N between 11,79 and 22,78. The calcalkaline rocks of the Mantiqueira Complex may be grouped into five different petrogenetic groups: 1) migmatitic quartz dioritic to tonalitic orthogneisses, with [La/Yb]N between 11,37 and 38,26; 2) banded quartz dioritic to granodioritic orthogneisses, with [La/Yb]N between 4,35 and 9,28; 3) tonalitic to granitic homogeneous orthogneisses, with [La/Yb]N between 16,57 and 38,59; 4) white tonalitic/trondhjemitic to granitic leucogneisses, with [La/Yb]N between 46,69 and 65,06; and 5) pinkish orthogneiss of tonalitic to granitic composition and [La/Yb]N between 82,70 and 171,36. U-Pb SHRIMP geocronological analysis were performed at the Research School of Earth Science (ANU/Canberra/Australia). Paleoproterozoic ages, interpreted as protoliths cristalization ages, were obtained for rocks from both the calcalkaline and transitional series. Obtained results display a range of cristalization ages from 2139 35 to 2143,4 9,4, to the rocks of the transitional series, and from 2126,4 8 to 2204,5 6,7, for those of the calcalkaline one. Among all studied rocks, only one (sample JF-CM-516 IV) yielded discordant archean zircons (292916 Ma), interpreted as inherited ones. However, evidences of archean zircons were obtained from zircons of other samples. All studied samples record a neoproterozoic metamorphic event in the interval from 548 17 Ma to 590,5 7,7 Ma, which is consistent with the M1 metamorphic event (from 550 to 590 Ma), contemporaneous to the main collision of the central segment of Ribeira Belt (collision between the Occidental and Oriental Terranes (Heilbron, 1993 e Heilbron et al., 1995).

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico / NOGUEIRA, Eliomar, Universidade Federal do CearÃ. Fevereiro de 2011. Coeficiente de cultivo e lÃminas de irrigaÃÃo do maracujazeiro amarelo nas condiÃÃes semiÃridas. Orientador: ValdemÃcio Ferreira de Sousa. Conselheiros: Thales VinÃcius de AraÃjo Viana, LuÃs de FranÃa Camboim Neto. O objetivo do trabalho foi determinar o coeficiente de cultivo do maracujazeiro amarelo e definir lÃminas de irrigaÃÃo capazes de elevar a produtividade da cultura e a qualidade da produÃÃo nas condiÃÃes ambientais da regiÃo semiÃrida do PiauÃ. O experimento foi realizado na Ãrea do Projeto Piloto de Fruticultura Irrigada da CODEVASF, no municÃpio de Santa Rosa, PI (06 47â 56ââ S, 42 17â 17ââ W). Utilizou-se delineamento experimental blocos ao acaso com seis tratamentos e quatro repetiÃÃes, parcela com quatro plantas Ãteis. Os tratamentos (lÃminas de irrigaÃÃo) foram definidos em funÃÃo de percentagens da evapotranspiraÃÃo de referÃncia (ETo): T1 (0,25*ETo), T2 (0,50*ETo), T3 (0,75*ETo), T4 (1,00*ETo), T5 (1,25*ETo) e T6 (1,50*ETo). Para o monitoramento da Ãgua no perfil do solo instalou-se uma bateria com trÃs tensiÃmetros por tratamento nas profundidades de 0,10 m; 0,30 m e 0,50 m. Para determinaÃÃo do coeficiente de cultivo (Kc), utilizou-se o balanÃo de Ãgua no solo e para tanto, foram instaladas duas baterias com tensiÃmetros distribuÃdos nas profundidades de 0,10 m; 0,30 m e 0,50 m, num raio de 0,30 m e 0,60 m do caule das plantas no T4 . No perÃodo de 41-240 dias apÃs transplantio (DAT) estimou-se valores de Kc. Na execuÃÃo do experimento foram aplicadas as respectivas lÃminas de irrigaÃÃo 408,25 mm (T1), 463,41 mm (T2), 535,11 mm (T3), 609,98 mm (T4), 704,71 mm (T5) e 826,02 mm (T6). Foram avaliadas as caracterÃsticas morfofisiolÃgicas de crescimento do maracujazeiro amarelo (altura da planta, diÃmetro do caule, nÃmero de internÃs, Ãrea foliar, nÃmero de folhas e potencial hÃdrico foliar; caracterÃsticas de produÃÃo (produtividade, nÃmeros de frutos, peso mÃdio de frutos, diÃmetros transversal e longitudinal de frutos). A anÃlise de variÃncia mostrou que as lÃminas de irrigaÃÃo influenciaram significativamente o (diÃmetro de caule (P<0,05) nas avaliaÃÃes realizadas em dezembro de 2009, janeiro e fevereiro de 2010; Ãrea foliar (P<0,01) para avaliaÃÃes realizadas de janeiro a abril de 2010; nÃmero de folha (P<0,05) para as avaliaÃÃes realizadas em marÃo 2010 e (P<0,01) para abril de 2010); o potencial hÃdrico nas folhas (P<0,01) em todas as Ãpocas de avaliaÃÃo. E foi significativo o nÃmero de frutos (P<0,05), peso mÃdio do fruto (P<0,05) e a produtividade (P<0,05). A produtividade mÃxima (6.763 kg ha-1) obtida em 60 dias de colheita, isto Ã, 25% do potencial produtivo anual do maracujazeiro foi obtida com aplicaÃÃo da lÃmina de 763,80 mm e estimando-se para seu potencial total para o primeiro ano de produÃÃo obteve-se o valor de 27.052 kg ha-1 ano-1; o peso mÃdio de fruto variou de 0,207 kg (T6) e 0,159 kg (T1); foi registrado o nÃmero mÃximo de frutos (33.119 frutos ha-1) com lÃmina de 760,21 mm. Os valores de Kc variaram de 0,43 a 1,04 com registro de mÃximo valor em 211 a 220 DAT. E o Kc mÃdio obtido para a fase vegetativa foi de 0,57 e para fase de produÃÃo (floraÃÃo e frutificaÃÃo) de 0,94. Conclui-se que, as lÃminas de irrigaÃÃo mais adequadas para maracujazeiro amarelo se situam entre o equivalente 0,72*ETo e 1,00*ETo; as caracterÃsticas morfofisiolÃgicas de crescimento do maracujazeiro amarelo avaliadas, sÃo influenciadas pela variaÃÃo de lÃminas de irrigaÃÃo aplicada à cultura; a produtividade do maracujazeiro amarelo, peso mÃdio e nÃmero de frutos sÃo influenciados pela diferenciaÃÃo de lÃminas de irrigaÃÃo aplicada à cultura. / This work aims to determine the crop coefficie nt of the yellow passion fruit and to find irrigation levels that can raise the yield a nd quality of passion fruit production under the environmental conditions of the semiarid re gion of Piaui (Br). The experiment was conducted at the Projeto Piloto de Fruticultura Irrigada (Irrigated Fruit Culture Pilot Project) of the CODEVASF, in Santa Rosa, PI (06  47 '5 6''S, 42  17' 17''W). We used randomized blocks with six treatments and four replications, with four plants to a plot. The treatments (irrigation levels) were defined as percentages of the reference evapotranspiration (ETo): T1 (25% ETo), T2 (50% ETo), T3 (75% ETo), T4 ( 1 00% ETo), T5 (125% ETo) and T6 (150% ETo). It was installed a battery with three tensiom eters per treatment at depths of 0.10 m, 0.30 m and 0.50 m, to monitor the soil water. Determining the crop coefficient (Kc), we used the soil water balance, and for obtaining that, two batteries were installed, with tensiometers placed at depths of 0.10 m, 0.30 m 0.50 m within a radius of 0.30 m and 0.60 m from the stems of the plants in T4. The Kc values were estimated in the 41-240 days a fter transplanting (DAT). The irrigation le vels of 408.25 mm (T1), 463.41 mm (T2) 535.11 mm (T3), 609.98 mm (T4), 704.71 mm (T5) and 826.02 mm (T6) were applied on performing the experiment. We evaluated the morphological and physiologic al growth variables of yellow passion fruit (plant height, stem diameter, number of internod es, leaf area, leaf number and leaf water potential) and production traits (yield, fruit numb er, fruit weight, fruit transverse diameter and fruit longitudinal diameter). Analysis of varia nce showed that the irrigation significantly influenced stem diameter (P <0.05) in assessments conducted in December 2009, January and February 2010; leaf area (P < 0.01) for assessments conducted from Januar y to April 2010; number of leaves (P <0.05) for assessments conducted in March 2010 and (P <0.01) in April 2010; leaf water potential (P <0.01) at all testing times. Besides, the number of fruits (P<0.05), the average fruit weight (P <0.05) and the productivity (P <0.05) were found significantly responding to the irrigation level. Maximum yield (6763 kg ha-1) was obtained in 60 days of harvest, ie 25% of potential annual production of passion fruit was obtained with an irrigation level of 763.80 mm...Estimating to its full potential to the first year of production we obtained a value of 27,052 kg ha-1 yr -1. As for the average fruit weight, it ranged from 0.207 kg (T6) to 0,159 kg (T1). The maximum number of fruits (33 119 fruit ha -1) was obtained with an irrigation level of 760.21 mm. The Kc values ranged from 0.43 to 1.04 with a maximum recorded value at 211 to 220 DAT. The average Kc obtained at the vegetative stage, was 0.57, and the average Kc at the production stage(flower ing and fruiting)was 0.94. Therefore: The irrigation level most suitable for the passion fruit must be between 72% and 100% ETo; The assessed morphophysiological growth variables of the yellow passion fruit are influenced by the variation of irrigation level applied to culture; The yield, average weight and fruit number of the yellow pa ssion plant are also influenced by the same variation of irrigation level.

Orientadores: João Ernesto de Carvalho, Mary Ann Foglio / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-17T20:05:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gaspi_FernandaOliveiradeGaspari_D.pdf: 71779654 bytes, checksum: cfa74eb88bc93a25160ab6df284bff34 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: O conhecimento sobre as plantas, a descoberta de suas propriedades curativas têm sempre acompanhado a evolução do homem através dos tempos. A família Orchidaceae é a maior entre as angiospermas, são mais de 25 mil espécies já descritas. Entre elas está a Oncidium flexuosum Sims., uma importante espécie brasileira conhecida popularmente como bailarina e que possui grande valor ornamental. Porém, esta é a primeira pesquisa sobre as suas propriedades medicinais. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram avaliar as atividades antioxidante in vitro e in vivo, cicatrizante e antiulcerogênica dos extratos e das frações obtidas a partir das folhas de O. flexuosum e realizar as análises fitoquímicas e histoquímica preliminares. Para isto, foram utilizadas as análises da capacidade sequestradora do radical livre difenilhidrazil (DPPH), da atividade antiulcerogênica induzida por etanol, do reparo tecidual associado ou não a microcorrente, além das reações de caracterização e cromatografia de camada delgada. Também foram realizados testes histopatológicos para avaliar possíveis danos oxidativos. O extrato hidroalcoólico de O. flexuosum (EH) possui as atividades antioxidante in vitro diante do radical livre DPPH e in vivo, cicatrizante associado à microcorrente, estimulante da proliferação de fibroblastos in vitro e colágeno in vivo, e atividade antiulcerogênica. A fração terpeno (FrT) inibi o processo oxidativo causado pelo substâncias reativas do ácido tiobarbitúrico (TBARS). O extrato bruto enzimático (EBZ) e a FrT estimulam a proliferação de fibroblastos, porém com menor potência do que o EH. As análises fitoquímicas e histoquímica revelaram que as folhas de O. flexuosum possuem, entre os seus constituintes, as substâncias fenólicas, tais como flavonoides e taninos, e também cumarinas, triterpenos e esteróides. O EH não induziu danos renais nos animais, mas tem potencial hepatotóxico dose-tempo-dependente, causando inflamação e degeneração tecidual. Conclui-se que o EH possui atividade antioxidante, cicatrizante e antiulcerogênica, provavelmente devido à presença das substâncias fenólicas / Abstract: The knowledge about plants, the discovery of their healing properties has always followed the evolution of man through the ages. The Orchidaceae family is the largest among the angiosperms, they are more than 25,000 described species, among them is the Oncidium flexuosum Sims., an important Brazilian species popularly known as dancer and which has great ornamental value. However, this is the first survey of its medicinal properties. The objectives of this work were to investigate the antioxidant activity in vitro and in vivo, wound healing and antiulcerogenic activities of the extracts and fractions obtained from the leaves of Oncidium flexuosum and perform the preliminary phytochemical and histochemistry analysis. For this, analysis of free radical scavenging capacity with difenilhidrazil (DPPH) test, antiulcer activity induced by ethanol, tissue repair associated or not with microcurrent were made, other than the characterization reactions and thin layer chromatography. Histopathological tests were also performed to evaluate possible oxidative damage. The extract of Oncidium flexuosum (EH) has in vitro antioxidant activity against free radical DPPH and in vivo, cicatrizant associated with microcurrent, stimulating fibroblasts proliferation in vitro and collagen in vivo. The terpene fraction (FrT) inhibit the oxidative process caused by the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). The enzimatic crude extract (EBZ) and FrT stimulate proliferation of fibroblasts, but with less efficiency than the EH. The phytochemical and histochemistry analysis revealed that the leaves of Oncidium flexuosum plant species have among its constituents, the phenolic substances such as flavonoids and tannins, and also the coumarins, triterpenes and steroids. The EH was not induce kidney damage in animals, but has hepatotoxic potential dose-time-dependent, causing inflammation and tissue degeneration. It was concluded that the EH has antioxidant, cicatrizant and antiulcerogenic activities probably due to the presence of phenolic substances / Doutorado / Ciencias Basicas / Doutor em Clínica Médica

L’oxygénation d’un tissu ou d’une cellule résulte d’un équilibre entre la disponibilité en oxygène et sa consommation. Un arrêt de la circulation ou des variations de la pression partielle en oxygène sont responsables d’une réduction de l’apport en oxygène induisant une réponse adaptative.L’objectif de ce travail a été de caractériser l’hypoxie de l’échelle cellulaire à tissulaire par la complémentarité de deux techniques d’imagerie par spectrométrie de masse (ISM) : La spectrométrie de masse à ionisation secondaire (SIMS) et l’ionisation/désorption par laser assistée par matrice (MALDI). L’ISM fournit la détection, l’identification et la distribution d’une variété d’espèces moléculaires endogènes et exogènes directement sur tissu sans marquage. Afin de caractériser l’hypoxie, un modèle in vitro de culture cellulaire en trois dimensions (sphéroïde) et un modèle in vivo d’accident vasculaire cérébral ont été utilisés.L’imagerie TOF-SIMS nous a permis de voir que la disponibilité réduite de l’oxygène au centre des sphéroides induit de profonds changements métaboliques. L’imagerie MALDI-TOF, quant à elle, a permis de visualiser la pharmacocinétique de différents traitements dans des sphéroides traités.Concernant l’étude sur l’accident vasculaire cérébral, l’imagerie SIMS et MALDI nous ont fourni une signature moléculaire de l’hypoxie tissulaire, apportant de nouvelles connaissances sur les changements physiopathologiques induits par la lésion tissulaire.La complémentarité de ces deux techniques d’imagerie permet donc une réelle synergie pour l’étude de l’hypoxie dans différents modèles. / Tissue or cells oxygenation results from a balance between oxygen availability and consumption. This availability is determined by the amount of oxygen carried by the blood irrigating the tissue and its diffusion capacity through the cell membranes. The interruption of blood flow or variations in the oxygen partial pressure are responsible for a reduction of oxygen intake that induces an adaptive response.The aim of my work is to characterize the hypoxia from cellular to tissue-level via the complementarity of two mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) methods: the Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS) and Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption and Ionization (MALDI). MSI has the potential to provide detection, identification and distribution of a variety of different endogenous and exogenous molecular species directly from the tissue without labelling. Here we combine them to characterize hypoxia in vitro on a 3D cell culture system (spheroid) and in vivo using ischemic rat model.We have shown via TOF-SIMS imaging that reduced availability of oxygen to the center of spheroids induces profound metabolic changes. MALDI-TOF imaging helped to visualize the pharmacokinetics of different treatments in treated spheroids.Concerning the ischemic stroke, MSI provides a molecular signature of hypoxia in tissue, which could bring new insights into the pathological changes induced by the tissue injury.The complementarity of these two imaging techniques allows real synergy for the study of hypoxia in different models.

Au cours d’un traitement de surface de type dépôt assisté par plasma, les caractéristiques et propriétés de l’interface entre le dépôt et le substrat sont déterminées par la première couche atomique du dépôt, voire les premiers atomes qui commencent à recouvrir la surface du substrat. Aussi, la parfaite connaissance du comportement des particules incidentes et du réarrangement des atomes suite à l’impact d’une particule du plasma est-elle un élément essentiel à la description du comportement de la surface en cours de traitement et donc de ses propriétés ultérieures. Au cours de cette thèse, nous avons entrepris d’étudier, par une approche combinant expériences et simulation numérique par dynamique moléculaire, l’interaction d’espèces (C, Ti, W) avec une surface de silicium en fonction de paramètres tels que l’énergie, la fluence ou encore l’incidence des particules arrivant sur la surface. Une part importante de ce travail a consisté à adapter les codes de dynamique moléculaire (utilisation des champs de force réactifs) aux systèmes étudiés. La partie expérimentale a nécessité la mise en place de procédures spécifiques pour l’utilisation de l’équipement Storing Matter. Les résultats montrent que, quelles que soient l’espèce incidente, parmi celles étudiées, le coefficient de collage (SC) est dans la gamme [0.7 – 1] ; dans le cas de W, quasiment tous les atomes incidents restent sur la surface (SC~~1). Outre la détermination du coefficient de collage, pour différentes conditions initiales des espèces incidentes (énergie, incidence, fluence) les modifications apportées à la surface ont également été déterminées en termes d’implantation et de trajectoire dans le matériau des espèces incidentes, et de pulvérisation de la surface du substrat / During plasma assisted deposition, properties of the coating substrate interface depend on the first atomic layer of the deposit, or the atoms that first start to cover the surface. Therefore the good knowledge of the sticking coefficient and the reorganization of the surface following particle impact is an essential issue to achieve the description of the behavior of the processed surface and, therefore, its expected properties. Consequently, we investigated the interaction between incoming particles (C, Ti, W) and a silicon surface by using an approach combining molecular dynamic simulations and experiments. Various initial conditions were studied, energy, fluence and incidence angle of the incoming particles. An important part of this work has consisted in adapting the molecular dynamic codes (using reactive force fields) to the investigated systems. Meanwhile, experimental procedure specifically devoted to the use of the Storing Matter facility was also developed. Results show that the sticking coefficient (SC) value is in the range [0.7 – 1] irrespectively of the incoming species; in the case of W, almost all atoms stick on the surface (SC~~1). Besides the determination of sticking coefficient, the surface modification resulting from the particles impingement were determined for various initial conditions (energy, fluence, angle) in terms of implantation and displacement of the incoming species, and surface sputtering as well

ToF-SIMS imaging has been drawing attention due to the wide range of applications in the biological and biomedical fields. These applications include the acquisition of quantitative and qualitative data that ranges in scale from single cells to organs, image visualisation and interpretation of biomarkers for diagnosis and development of pharmaceutics. This study focused on molecular imaging of mouse brain tissue sections using cluster primary ion beams. First, cluster ion beams were applied to comparative background studies of biomolecules and brain total lipid extract. Enhancement of the secondary ion signal was observed using water-containing cluster primary ion beams, especially for [M+H]+ type secondary ions. Water-containing clusters were then used to acquire ToF-SIMS images from the cerebellar area of serial mouse brain tissue sections. Again, water-containing cluster beams produced the highest secondary ion yields in both grey and white matter, gaining a new level of insight into the lipid compositions of both types of tissue in the brain. A clinical case was also evaluated with ToF-SIMS imaging, using cluster beams for the analysis of 3xTg-AD mouse brain tissue. SIMS images were registered with fluorescence microscopy images for the in situ identification and co-localisation of the Amyloid-β plaques on the SIMS images. Spectra from regions of interest were analysed to identify possible ion fragments derived from the Aβ protein. The co-localisation of cholesterol was also studied from images obtained with different primary ion beams. The results presented show that cluster ToF-SIMS can be successfully applied to brain tissue imaging. New primary ion beam technologies allow us to acquire data with more useful secondary ion yield for clinical applications and biological research. Nevertheless, future technological improvements are required for specialised applications e.g. cellular imaging. Moreover, processing the data obtained is still challenging and more data processing tools are also needed for interpretation.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-26T18:56:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RODRIGO TAKASHI Dissertacao corrigida.pdf: 1640747 bytes, checksum: 05cd181c479191c3730adbc45584dbd9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-01-25 / This work aimed to study nitrogen dose on substrates and seedling development of businesses in protected conditions high passion fruit genotypes. The work was conducted under glass in the municipality of Presidente Prudente-SP from May to September 2010. Were used 12 treatments, being 3 commercial substrates (Bioplant®, coconut Fiber and Vivatto®) and 4 doses: 0; 150; 300; 600 mg dm-³ N in the form of urea. Have been assessed data on: (A) plant height (cm); number of sheets expanded (NFL); dry matter weight of leaves (MSPA), roots (MSR) and total (MST) (g); and chlorophyll content. To 60 days the best medium in MST were recorded in commercial coconut fiber substrate (3.75 g) and Vivatto® (3.46 g). The best results were obtained by MSPA in coconut Fiber and Vivatto®. For doses of N quadratic effect was for the variables of MSPA, MSR and MST in 300 mg dose from N dm-3. To 120 days the coconut fiber substrate presented the best medium to high and dry mass of aboveground and total. Regarding the MSR in the substrate Bioplant® there was better response to nitrogen application with 468 mg dm-3 dose with only 4.0 g MSR. To 120 days, the commercial coconut fiber substrate provided the best development of seedlings of fruit genotypes. And the best results in response to nitrogen fertilization on growth of seedlings to plant height parameters and total dry matter was obtained in the dose of 600 mg dm-³ N to 120 days in protected conditions. / Este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar substratos e doses de nitrogênio no desenvolvimento de mudas de porte alto de maracujazeiro em condições protegidas. O trabalho foi conduzido em estufa no município de Presidente Prudente- SP de maio a setembro de 2010. Foram utilizados 12 tratamentos, sendo 3 substratos comerciais (Bioplant®, Fibra de coco e Vivatto®) e 4 doses de: 0; 150; 300; 600 mg dm-³ de N na forma de uréia. Foram avaliados dados sobre: altura da planta (A) (cm); número de folhas expandidas (NFL); peso da matéria seca de folhas (MSPA), raízes (MSR) e total (MST) (g); e teor de clorofila. Aos 60 dias as melhores médias na MST foram registradas no substrato comerciais Fibra de Coco (3,75 g) e Vivatto® (3,46 g). Na MSPA as melhores resultados foram obtidas na Fibra de Coco e Vivatto®. Para as doses de N houve efeito quadrático para as variáveis de MSPA, MSR e MST na partir da dose 300 mg de N dm-3. Aos 120 dias o substrato fibra de coco apresentou as melhores médias para altura e massa seca da parte aérea e total. Em relação à MSR no substrato Bioplant® verificou-se melhor resposta a aplicação de nitrogênio com a dose 468 mg dm-³ com 4,0 g MSR. Aos 120 dias, o substrato comercial Fibra de coco proporcionou o melhor desenvolvimento das mudas de maracujazeiro. E os melhores resultados em resposta a adubação nitrogenada no desenvolvimento das mudas, para os parâmetros de altura de planta e matéria seca total foi obtida na dose de 600 mg dm-³ de N aos 120 dias em condições protegidas.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-18T17:51:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RODRIGO TAKASHI Dissertacao corrigida.pdf: 1640747 bytes, checksum: 05cd181c479191c3730adbc45584dbd9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-01-25 / This work aimed to study nitrogen dose on substrates and seedling development of businesses in protected conditions high passion fruit genotypes. The work was conducted under glass in the municipality of Presidente Prudente-SP from May to September 2010. Were used 12 treatments, being 3 commercial substrates (Bioplant®, coconut Fiber and Vivatto®) and 4 doses: 0; 150; 300; 600 mg dm-³ N in the form of urea. Have been assessed data on: (A) plant height (cm); number of sheets expanded (NFL); dry matter weight of leaves (MSPA), roots (MSR) and total (MST) (g); and chlorophyll content. To 60 days the best medium in MST were recorded in commercial coconut fiber substrate (3.75 g) and Vivatto® (3.46 g). The best results were obtained by MSPA in coconut Fiber and Vivatto®. For doses of N quadratic effect was for the variables of MSPA, MSR and MST in 300 mg dose from N dm-3. To 120 days the coconut fiber substrate presented the best medium to high and dry mass of aboveground and total. Regarding the MSR in the substrate Bioplant® there was better response to nitrogen application with 468 mg dm-3 dose with only 4.0 g MSR. To 120 days, the commercial coconut fiber substrate provided the best development of seedlings of fruit genotypes. And the best results in response to nitrogen fertilization on growth of seedlings to plant height parameters and total dry matter was obtained in the dose of 600 mg dm-³ N to 120 days in protected conditions. / Este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar substratos e doses de nitrogênio no desenvolvimento de mudas de porte alto de maracujazeiro em condições protegidas. O trabalho foi conduzido em estufa no município de Presidente Prudente- SP de maio a setembro de 2010. Foram utilizados 12 tratamentos, sendo 3 substratos comerciais (Bioplant®, Fibra de coco e Vivatto®) e 4 doses de: 0; 150; 300; 600 mg dm-³ de N na forma de uréia. Foram avaliados dados sobre: altura da planta (A) (cm); número de folhas expandidas (NFL); peso da matéria seca de folhas (MSPA), raízes (MSR) e total (MST) (g); e teor de clorofila. Aos 60 dias as melhores médias na MST foram registradas no substrato comerciais Fibra de Coco (3,75 g) e Vivatto® (3,46 g). Na MSPA as melhores resultados foram obtidas na Fibra de Coco e Vivatto®. Para as doses de N houve efeito quadrático para as variáveis de MSPA, MSR e MST na partir da dose 300 mg de N dm-3. Aos 120 dias o substrato fibra de coco apresentou as melhores médias para altura e massa seca da parte aérea e total. Em relação à MSR no substrato Bioplant® verificou-se melhor resposta a aplicação de nitrogênio com a dose 468 mg dm-³ com 4,0 g MSR. Aos 120 dias, o substrato comercial Fibra de coco proporcionou o melhor desenvolvimento das mudas de maracujazeiro. E os melhores resultados em resposta a adubação nitrogenada no desenvolvimento das mudas, para os parâmetros de altura de planta e matéria seca total foi obtida na dose de 600 mg dm-³ de N aos 120 dias em condições protegidas.

Cette thèse a été consacrée à l’amélioration de méthodes en imagerie par spectrométrie de masse, et à leur utilisation pour l’analyse in situ de substances naturelles. Une première partie a été consacrée à développer une nouvelle méthode permettant d’acquérir en imagerie TOF-SIMS des images avec une résolution de 400 nm tout en préservant la résolution en masse. Pour cela, une extraction retardée des ions secondaires a été caractérisée et optimisée. Une seconde partie a eu pour objectif d’étudier le phénomène de duraminisation d’un arbre tropical de l’espèce Dicorynia guianensis, qui est l’un des plus exploités en Guyane française et dont le duramen est réputé être imputrescible. Les images par spectrométrie de masse TOF-SIMS enregistrées avec la méthode développée ont montré à l’échelle sub-micrométrique les changements métaboliques s’opérant autour de la zone de transition, où s’opère la duraminisation. Les techniques TOF-SIMS et MALDI-TOF ont ensuite été utilisées pour l’analyse d’une surface sur laquelle ont crû deux souches microbiennes en compétition. Les deux souches ont été extraites d’un if japonais (Cephalotaxus harringtonia), l’une étant un champignon endophyte (Paraconiothyrium variabile) et l’autre une bactérie pathogène à ce conifère (Bacillus subtilis). Les résultats ont montré que le champignon était capable d’hydrolyser les surfactines produites par la bactérie. Enfin, les imageries par spectrométrie de masse MALDI-TOF et TOF-SIMS sont deux méthodes de choix pour l’étude de modèle in vitro de ce qui pourrait se produire in vivo. / This thesis was devoted to the improvement of mass spectrometry imaging methods, and to their use for in situ analysis of natural substances. The first part of this thesis has been dedicated to the development of a new acquisition mode in TOF-SIMS imaging able to acquire images with a high spatial resolution of 400 nm while keeping a good mass resolution. For that, a delayed extraction of the secondary ions has been characterized and optimized. Then, a second part has been dedicated to the study of heartwood production in a tropical species named Dicorynia guianensis. This species is one of the most exploited in French Guiana for its heartwood which exhibits a good durability. Metabolic changes are shown by sub-micrometric resolution ion images recorded in and around the transition zone, where the heartwood formation occurs. Then, TOF-SIMS and MALDI-TOF have both been used to analyse the surface of a bacterial competition. Species have been isolated from a Japanese conifer (Cephalotaxus harringtonia), from which the stains are an endophitic fungi (Paraconiothyrium variabile) and a pathogenic bacteria of the conifer (Bacillus subtilis). The results have shown that the fungus is able to hydrolyze surfactines produced by the bacteria during the competition. Furthermore, both the MALDI-TOF and the TOF-SIMS mass spectrometry imaging are methods of choice to study in vitro models of what could happen in vivo.