Kyoto University (京都大学) / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第16847号 / 工博第3568号 / 新制||工||1539(附属図書館) / 29522 / 京都大学大学院工学研究科原子核工学専攻 / (主査)教授 伊藤 秋男, 准教授 柴田 裕実, 准教授 松尾 二郎 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当

This work sets out a framework to provide a metrological basis for static SIMS measurements. This surface analytical technique has been is use for over thirty years but, because of the lack of an infrastructure, has not achieved its full potential in industry. To build this basis, the measurement chain is studied from the sample through to the detector and data processing. By understanding the effects of each link in the chain, repeatabilities are reduced by orders of magnitude to below 1%, the ion beam current and flux density are calibrated to better than 2%, ion beam damage in polymers is controlled and detection efficiencies calculated. Utilising these developments, a characterised and calibrated SIMS spectrometer is used to establish reference materials. An inter-laboratory study to assess the extent of spectrum variability between spectrometers was conducted involving over twenty laboratories worldwide. Analysis of the data gives the level of repeatability and reproducibility using current procedures. Repeatabilities for some laboratories are as good as 1% but many are at 10% and a few as poor as 80%. A Relative Instrument Spectral Response, RISR, is developed to facilitate the comparison of spectra from one instrument to another or library data. For most instruments reproducibilities of 14% are achievable. Additionally, the wide variety of ion beam sources and energies, presently in use, result in spectra that are only broadly comparable. A detailed study of these effects provides, for the first time, a unified method to relate the behaviour for all ion species and energies. A development of this work gives a totally new spectroscopy, known as G-SIMS or gentle-SIMS. Here, the static SIMS spectrum for a low surface plasma temperature is calculated which promotes those spectral intensities truly representative of the analysed material and reduces those caused by additional fragmentation and rearrangement mechanisms. The resulting GSIMS spectra are easier to identify and are interpreted more directly. This work provides the essential basis for the development of static SIMS. Future work will improve the consistency of library data so that the valid data for molecular identification can be uniquely extracted. The measurement base will be developed to meet the growing requirements for static SIMS analysis of complex organic and biomaterials.

No description available.

In the Grenville age basement rocks of Virginia and North Carolina, nearly thirty Cryogenian volcanic/plutonic complexes have been recognized. A-type granites and rhyolites dominate the igneous complexes within the Cryogenian Magmatic Province (CMP), but compositional variations range from gabbro through syenites. The mineralogy, chemical composition and field data including microstructural emphasis suggests emplacement of these igneous complexes in an extensional setting. In this study U/Pb zircon ages of several plutons were determined using secondary ion mass spectrometry. The ages suggest two episodes of magmatism. An older episode (739 to 745 Ma) of magmatism includes White Oak Creek, Suck Mountain, and Amisville plutons. The younger episode (613 to 694 Ma) includes Dillons Mill, Stewartsville, Mobley Mountain, Rockfish River, and Fine Creek Mills plutons. These two age groups also display differences in geochemistry. In contrast to the older group of plutons, the younger plutons are characteristically more metaluminous, lower in silica, higher in aluminum and phosphate, lower agpatic index, less REE enrichment, minimal K-feldspar and accessory mineral fractionation. The distribution of the older group of plutons over a distance of nearly 600km requires the development of a crustal scale zone of extension. A space-time analysis suggests that these plutons represent a continental plume track similar to the White Mountain Magma Series. Plume head arrival ages of 765 to 754 Ma in the southern part of the region are measurably older than 735 to 705 Ma observed in the north, and yield a plate motion rate of ~2 cm/year. / Master of Science

Les chondres, témoin des débuts du Système Solaire, ont une origine encore débattue. En particulier, l'origine de leurs olivines est encore mal comprise. Furent-elles formées par processus magmatique ou de condensation ? Héritées ou formées directement dans le chondre ? Pour répondre cette question, une étude chimique détaillée a été réalisée sur des inclusions vitreuses piégées dans les olivines magnésiennes d'Allende (CV3). Des images 3D et des profils chimiques en profondeur des éléments majeurs montrent un comportement chimique similaire à celui d'inclusions magmatiques synthétiques, un argument en faveur d'une origine magmatique. Les inclusions ont ensuite été chauffées à haute température (1 800 °C) grâce à une platine chauffante unique au monde, développée au cours du projet, afin d'étudier le verre homogène. Les teneurs élevées en Na2O des inclusions chauffées montrent que les inclusions évoluent en système fermé et que les olivines se sont formées dans un environnement riche en Na. Du fait de la volatilité du Na à haute température, un tel environnement est difficilement conciliable avec une formation des olivines par condensation ou magmatique au sein des chondres. Ceci suggère donc que les olivines sont héritées. Des mesures de REE ont été réalisées par SIMS dans les inclusions et leurs olivines hôtes afin de calculer le taux de cristallisation nécessaire à la formation de ces olivines. Les compositions chimiques des magmas parents calculés d'après ces taux de cristallisation correspondent à celles attendues d'après les études expérimentales déjà existantes. Celles-ci suggèrent la formation des olivines au sein de planétésimaux fondus de composition CV ou CI / Chondrules, witnesses of the beginning of the Solar System still have a debated origin ti this day. In particular, the origin of chondrules' olivines is still poorly understood. Were they formed by magmatism or condensation processes? Inherited or grown directly within the chondrule? In order to answer this, a detailed chemical study was undertook on glass inclusions trapped in Mg-rich olivines from Allende (CV3) meteorite. 3D images and chemical depth profiles showed a similar behavior between Allende's inclusions and synthetic magmatic ones, which is an argument in favor of a magmatic origin for olivines. Glass inclusions were then heated at high temperature (1 800 °C) via a new and unique heating stage developed during the project, in order to study the homogeneous glasses. High Na2O amounts in heated inclusions show that they behave as closed systems and that olivines formed in a Na-rich environment. Because Na is highly volatile at high temperatures, such an environment is hard to reconcile with olivines forming by condensation or magmatism within chondrules. This suggests that olivines are inherited. Measurements of REE were performed via SIMS in inclusions and hosts olivines in order to calculate the crystallization rates necessary to olivines formation. Chemical compositions of parent magmas, calculated from crystallization rates correspond to those expected from previous experimental studies. They suggest that olivines from chondrules form within molten planetesimals of global CI to CV composition

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-12T19:15:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RoseanoMS_DISSERT.pdf: 998724 bytes, checksum: 0dca9ffcac3f9ed7130eddfb95d703e7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-09-18 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The objective of this study was to evaluate the combination of three forms of grafting methods and use of protective grafting with moist chamber in the production of yellow passion fruit seedlings. The experimental design was a randomized complete block in a 3x2 factorial arrangement with six replications, each plot consisting of nine plants, where the factors were the combinations of three embodiments of the method of grafting (cleft, side slit and simple slot) with the use of grafting protection with moist chamber or not using it. Seeds from FB 100 passion fruit cultivar were used for production of rootstock plants. On the other hand, seeds from the rounded-yellow cultivar (Topseed® Company) were used for production of scions. Grafting were performed 70 days after sowing. After 21 days, grafts were removed from the protection of the moisture chamber. At this time, the effectiveness of grafts was evaluated. At 28, 42 and 56 days after grafting it was evaluated the amount of plants remained alive. Fifty six days after grafting it was evaluated the number of leaves, graft and rootstock diameter, plant height and shoot dry weight. There was a significant interaction for different types of grafting and use of moist chamber at 21 days after grafting. Types of grafting with the highest percentage of graft effectiveness were: cleft (94.45%) and side slit (91.67%). There was no influence on the use of protection with moist chamber for cleft and side slit. Cleft type grafting showed a decrease in the rate of fixation when not using moist chamber protection. Cleft grafting and side slit showed the higher rates of survival with 86.12% and 91.67% respectively for the 28, 42 and 56 days after grafting. Plants from grafts protected with moist chamber had the highest average survival percentage (79.63%) for 28, 42 and 56 days after grafting. The use of moist chamber caused a decrease in plant growth showing that there is a need for plants to remain in it much less than the used in the trial. Cleft and side slit grafting types associated with the use of protection promoted by moist chamber lowest rates of fixation and survival of seedlings of yellow passion / O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a combinação de três formas de realização da enxertia pelo método de garfagem e uso da proteção da enxertia com câmara úmida na a produção de mudas de maracujazeiro-amarelo. O delineamento experimental adotado foi o de blocos completos casualizados em esquema fatorial 3x2, com seis repetições, sendo cada parcela constituída de nove plantas, onde os fatores foram as combinações de três formas de realização da enxertia pelo método de garfagem (fenda cheia, fenda lateral e fenda simples) e utilização e não do uso da proteção da enxertia com câmara úmida. Para produção das mudas dos porta-enxertos e enxertos foram utilizadas sementes da cultivar FB 100 e redondo-amarelo da marca comercial Topseed® respectivamente. As enxertias foram realizadas aos 70 dias após a semeadura. Aos 21 dias após as enxertias foram retiradas as proteções por câmara úmida e avaliado a porcentagem de pegamento. Aos 28, 42 e 56 dias após a enxertia foi avaliado a sobrevivência em porcentagem de plantas que permaneceram vivas. Aos 56 dias após a enxertia avaliou-se o número de folhas, diâmetro do enxerto e porta-enxerto, altura da planta e massa seca da parte aérea. Verificou-se interação significativa para os diferentes tipos de enxertia e uso da câmara úmida aos 21 dias após a enxertia, os tipos de enxertia que apresentaram as maiores porcentagem de pegamento foram: fenda cheia (94,45%) e fenda lateral (91,67%). Não houve influência do uso da proteção com câmara úmida para as enxertias tipo fenda cheia e lateral. Com a realização da enxertia do tipo fenda simples, verificou-se diminuição da taxa de pegamento quando não se utiliza a proteção. Os tipos de enxertia por fenda cheia e fenda lateral apresentaram os maiores índices de sobrevivência e permaneceram em 86,12% e 91,67% respectivamente para os 28, 42 e 56 dias após a enxertia. As plantas provenientes de enxertos protegidos com câmara úmida apresentaram a maior média de porcentagem de sobrevivência (79,63%) para os 28, 42 e 56 dias após a enxertia. O uso da câmara úmida promoveu um decréscimo no crescimento das plantas, sendo necessário um menor tempo de permanência da proteção sobre as plantas. As enxertias de garfagem tipo fenda cheia e lateral associadas ao uso da proteção com câmara úmida promoveram os melhores índices de pegamento e sobrevivência das mudas de maracujazeiro-amarelo

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-12T19:18:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RoseanoMS_DISSERT.pdf: 998724 bytes, checksum: 0dca9ffcac3f9ed7130eddfb95d703e7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-09-18 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The objective of this study was to evaluate the combination of three forms of grafting methods and use of protective grafting with moist chamber in the production of yellow passion fruit seedlings. The experimental design was a randomized complete block in a 3x2 factorial arrangement with six replications, each plot consisting of nine plants, where the factors were the combinations of three embodiments of the method of grafting (cleft, side slit and simple slot) with the use of grafting protection with moist chamber or not using it. Seeds from FB 100 passion fruit cultivar were used for production of rootstock plants. On the other hand, seeds from the rounded-yellow cultivar (Topseed® Company) were used for production of scions. Grafting were performed 70 days after sowing. After 21 days, grafts were removed from the protection of the moisture chamber. At this time, the effectiveness of grafts was evaluated. At 28, 42 and 56 days after grafting it was evaluated the amount of plants remained alive. Fifty six days after grafting it was evaluated the number of leaves, graft and rootstock diameter, plant height and shoot dry weight. There was a significant interaction for different types of grafting and use of moist chamber at 21 days after grafting. Types of grafting with the highest percentage of graft effectiveness were: cleft (94.45%) and side slit (91.67%). There was no influence on the use of protection with moist chamber for cleft and side slit. Cleft type grafting showed a decrease in the rate of fixation when not using moist chamber protection. Cleft grafting and side slit showed the higher rates of survival with 86.12% and 91.67% respectively for the 28, 42 and 56 days after grafting. Plants from grafts protected with moist chamber had the highest average survival percentage (79.63%) for 28, 42 and 56 days after grafting. The use of moist chamber caused a decrease in plant growth showing that there is a need for plants to remain in it much less than the used in the trial. Cleft and side slit grafting types associated with the use of protection promoted by moist chamber lowest rates of fixation and survival of seedlings of yellow passion / O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a combinação de três formas de realização da enxertia pelo método de garfagem e uso da proteção da enxertia com câmara úmida na a produção de mudas de maracujazeiro-amarelo. O delineamento experimental adotado foi o de blocos completos casualizados em esquema fatorial 3x2, com seis repetições, sendo cada parcela constituída de nove plantas, onde os fatores foram as combinações de três formas de realização da enxertia pelo método de garfagem (fenda cheia, fenda lateral e fenda simples) e utilização e não do uso da proteção da enxertia com câmara úmida. Para produção das mudas dos porta-enxertos e enxertos foram utilizadas sementes da cultivar FB 100 e redondo-amarelo da marca comercial Topseed® respectivamente. As enxertias foram realizadas aos 70 dias após a semeadura. Aos 21 dias após as enxertias foram retiradas as proteções por câmara úmida e avaliado a porcentagem de pegamento. Aos 28, 42 e 56 dias após a enxertia foi avaliado a sobrevivência em porcentagem de plantas que permaneceram vivas. Aos 56 dias após a enxertia avaliou-se o número de folhas, diâmetro do enxerto e porta-enxerto, altura da planta e massa seca da parte aérea. Verificou-se interação significativa para os diferentes tipos de enxertia e uso da câmara úmida aos 21 dias após a enxertia, os tipos de enxertia que apresentaram as maiores porcentagem de pegamento foram: fenda cheia (94,45%) e fenda lateral (91,67%). Não houve influência do uso da proteção com câmara úmida para as enxertias tipo fenda cheia e lateral. Com a realização da enxertia do tipo fenda simples, verificou-se diminuição da taxa de pegamento quando não se utiliza a proteção. Os tipos de enxertia por fenda cheia e fenda lateral apresentaram os maiores índices de sobrevivência e permaneceram em 86,12% e 91,67% respectivamente para os 28, 42 e 56 dias após a enxertia. As plantas provenientes de enxertos protegidos com câmara úmida apresentaram a maior média de porcentagem de sobrevivência (79,63%) para os 28, 42 e 56 dias após a enxertia. O uso da câmara úmida promoveu um decréscimo no crescimento das plantas, sendo necessário um menor tempo de permanência da proteção sobre as plantas. As enxertias de garfagem tipo fenda cheia e lateral associadas ao uso da proteção com câmara úmida promoveram os melhores índices de pegamento e sobrevivência das mudas de maracujazeiro-amarelo

L'irradiation génère dans le combustible des gaz de fission, principalement xénon et krypton, présents sous forme dissoute et sous forme de bulles. L’objectif de ces travaux de recherche est de contribuer à la méthodologie de caractérisation de ces bulles et d’apporter ainsi des éléments de validation de référence pour la modélisation. Deux approches sont étudiées. Sur la base d’une méthode existante de détermination de la pression moyenne des bulles par le couplage de trois techniques : EPMA, MEB et SIMS, une nouvelle méthode complémentaire a été mise au point sur une bulle isolée sous la surface. La méthodologie consiste à repérer une bulle fermée et remplie en xénon par des cartographies microsonde et images MEB et de mesurer la quantité de gaz présent par SIMS. Une observation 3D, par abrasion FIB, donne une estimation du volume de la bulle et permet ainsi de calculer la pression de gaz. A 300 K, une estimation des niveaux de pression est obtenue, sur des bulles intragranulaires, micrométriques du centre de pastilles de combustibles irradiés. En parallèle, une méthode de mesure du champ de déformation élastique engendré par la présence de bulles pressurisées, est développée par HR-EBSD. Un modèle par éléments finis permet d’évaluer les niveaux de déformation autour des bulles de gaz de fission et met en évidence que seules les bulles nanométriques engendrent des déformations élastiques mesurables par cette technique. Au préalable, la méthode a été calibrée à partir d’essais de flexion quatre points sur du silicium monocristallin et sur des céramiques implantées en xénon, permettant une exploitation étendue de la méthode par la prise en compte de déformations libres. Cette étape définit les paramètres d’acquisition et de traitement optimum pour son application sur combustible irradié. La mesure de déformation élastique par HR-EBSD sur combustible irradié reste une mesure relative qui demandera davantage de réflexion quant au choix de la référence. / The irradiation generates in the fuel, fission gases, mainly xenon and krypton, present in dissolved form and in the form of bubbles. This research objective is to contribute to the fission gas bubbles methodology of characterization and thus to bring elements of reference for the models validation. Two approaches are studied. Based on an existing method of bubbles average pressure evaluation by the coupling of three techniques: EPMA, SEM and SIMS, a new complementary method has been developed on an isolated bubble under the surface. The methodology consists in identifying a closed and filled bubble with xenon by microprobe mapping and SEM images and to measure the amount of present gas by SIMS. 3D observation by FIB abrasion provides an estimation of the bubble volume and thus allows to calculate the bubble pressure. At 300 K, an estimation of the pressure levels is obtained on intragranular micrometric bubbles from the fuel pellets center area. Meanwhile, a method of elastic field strain measurement, produced by the presence of pressurized bubbles, is developed by HR-EBSD. A finite element model evaluates the levels of strain around the fission gas bubbles and shows that only nanometric bubbles generate measurable elastic strain by this technique. First, the method was calibrated from four points bending tests on monocrystalline silicon and ceramics implanted with xenon, allowing to take into account free strains. This step defines the parameters of acquisition and optimum treatment for its application on irradiated fuels. Measurement of elastic strain with HR-EBSD on irradiated fuel is a relative measure that will require further consideration in the choice of the reference.

Ce travail porte sur la caractérisation optique d'échantillons de 4H-SiC. Les échantillons étudiés ont été répartis en deux groupes : type-n et type-p. La croissance des épitaxies a été réalisée par CVD technique utilisant horizontal, paroi chaude, chauffée par résistance, en utilisant de l'hydrogène comme gaz porteur silane et/propane en tant que précurseurs de Si/C respectivement. Pour atteindre différents dopages : N2 pour le n-type et TMA pour de type p ont été utilisés. Les échantillons ont été étudiés par photoluminescence en basse température, micro-Raman and spectroscopies de masse d'ions secondaires. Pour les échantillons de type-p mesures d'effet Hall ont été utilisés pour déterminer la concentration de porteurs. Avec l'aide de ces techniques, il a été possible de déterminer le niveau de dopage dans une très large gamme pour les deux types. Les deux spectroscopies : Raman et LTPL peut donner des informations sur la concentration, polytype, qualité du cristal et concentration de porteurs, mais seulement LTPL fournit des informations sur la compensation et est indispensable de définir la polarité. Pour les échantillons faiblement dopés les meilleures façons de déterminer le niveau de dopage semble être des mesures LTPL. Pour les échantillons fortement dopés on a remarqué l'avantage de Raman, qui permet de déterminer la concentration en porteurs jusqu'à 10^20cm-3. Enfin en utilisant les mesures électriques et de Fano-paremeters obtenus grâce à micro-Raman, nous avons fait la courbe d'étalonnage pour type p 4H-SiC. / The main topic of this thesis is the optical characterization of 4H-SiC samples. The samples were divided in 2 groups: type-n doped with nitrogen and type-p doped with aluminum. Samples were grown by CVD method performed in a horizontal, hot wall, resistively heated, using hydrogen as a carrier gas and silane/propane as Si/C precursors respectively. To achieve different doping N2 for n-type and TMA for p-type were used. The samples were studied by three different spectroscopies techniques: low temperature photoluminescence, micro-Raman and secondary ion mass spectroscopies. For p-type samples Hall effect measurements were used to determine carrier concentration. With the help of this techniques it was possible to determine doping level in a very large range for both types. Both LTPL and Raman spectroscopy can give information about the polytype, crystal quality and carrier concentration but only LTPL provides information about compensation and is indispensable to define the polarity. For low doped samples since the LOPC & FTA modes of Raman spectra do not exhibit any significant changes the best ways seems to be LTPL measurements. For the highest doped samples notice the advantage of Raman which allows to determine the carrier concentration up to 10^20cm-3. Finally due to electrical measurements and fano-paremeters obtained by micro-Raman spectra we made calibration curve for p –type 4H-SiC.

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No. of bitstreams: 1 danielledemacedoleite.pdf: 1371333 bytes, checksum: 45e61c159067157d80a719dca2c175bc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-25 / Este trabalho conceitua o processo narrativo autobiográfico dentro dos jogos digitais. Atualmente, os jogos têm apresentado histórias nas quais cada vez mais os jogadores têm a possibilidade de alterar a sequência e o desfecho. Essa característica permite ao jogador construir a sua identidade ao longo do jogo, sentindo-se imerso neste espaço e atraído pelas diversas possibilidades de saciar desejos e prazeres. Com base nisso, o objetivo é buscar os elementos e ferramentas que permitem essa “imersão identitária” do jogador no jogo, analisando a formação dos avatares e as histórias criadas pelos personagens a partir do gênero autobiográfico. O jogo The Sims 3 foi escolhido por ser um jogo digital de simulação da vida cotidiana com um variado leque de opções de interação com outros avatares e personificações. A hipótese é: todas as histórias e avatares criados no The Sims 3 apresentam elementos autobiográficos, mesmo se passando em ambientes não reais e não cotidianos dos jogadores. Para analisar as histórias e os avatares a partir do gênero autobiográfico, escolhemos as ferramentas do jogo como opção de carreira, aspiração ou desejos. A verificação de como se dá a interação com essas opções no jogo será feita em vídeos que os jogadores postam no Youtube. Foram selecionados dez jogadores e cinco vídeos de cada um deles, com cerca de 30 minutos de duração, totalizando 50 vídeos. Concluindo, percebe-se que o gênero autobiográfico veio se modificando com o passar dos anos e a evolução tecnológica. Os primeiros conceitos sobre a autobiografia o relacionavam com o simples contar de histórias pessoais através da escrita. Hoje, observa-se, que a autobiografia passou a ser criada através da representação de si, através de avatares, sem necessidade de ter que escrever sobre si para que os outros identifiquem a sua personalidade. / This work defines the autobiographical narrative process within digital games. Currently, the games have presented stories in which more and more players have the ability to change the sequence and the outcome. This feature allows the player to build their identity throughout the game, feeling immersed in this space and attracted by the various possibilities of satisfying desires and pleasures. Based on this, the goal is to seek the elements and tools that allow this "identity immersion" player in the game, analyzing the formation of the avatars and stories created by the characters from the autobiographical genre. The game The Sims 3 was chosen because it is a digital simulation game of everyday life with a wide range of interaction options with other avatars and impersonations. The hypothesis is: the whole history and avatar created in The Sims 3 have autobiographical elements, even if not passing in real environments and not everyday players. To analyze the stories and avatars from the autobiographical genre, choose set tools as a career option, aspiration or desire. The check how is the interaction with these options in the game will be videos that players post on Youtube. We selected ten players and five videos of each of them, about 30 minutes long, totaling 50 videos. In conclusion, one can see that the autobiographical genre came to changing over the years, and technological developments. The first concepts of the autobiography related with the simple tell personal stories through writing. Today, it is observed that the autobiography has become created by representing themselves through avatars, without having to write about yourself for others identify your personality.