This diploma thesis is focused on issues of socially excluded Romany locality in Litvínov - Janov. The problematic situation is described in the thesis. There is a higher number of socially handicapped people with a wide range of social problems like unemployment, insolvency, occurrence of socio-pathological phenomena including criminal behaviour in this locality. The occurrence of socio-pathological phenomena within the socially handicapped people causes conflicts with other residents living in the locality. The diploma thesis also focuses on the precautions and policies made by the city of Litvínov to solve such problematic situation. Each precaution is subsequently described. Furthermore, there is an evaluation of these precautions by means of monitoring social indicators. In result, it is possible to say that there are no signs of distinctive improvement of the situation in the locality. In the conclusion, further precautions are recommended for finding a solution to this problematic situation in the housing estate. The recommended precautions arise from the analysis executed in the locality Janov and from precautions realised by the city of Litvínov.

The aim of this thesis is to find out if there is cooperation between civil sector and public sector in chosen locality - Železný Brod. It is target on poverty and social exclusion. This cooperation will be assessed from the perspective of chosen respondents. The theoretical part describes some models of cooperation, situation in Czech Republic, importance of nonprofit organizations focused on social services and health care. Empirical part deals with methods and techniques of data collections, data analysis techniques. Next there is justification of location and target group. In the part Results, there are presented the results of analysis examined localities and respondents' statements. There is also answer the research questions. Key words: nonprofit organizations, public section, cooperation, partnership, poverty social exclusion

Studien undersöker tidigare kriminellas upplevelser av problem, svårigheter att integreras i samhället efter avtjänat fängelsestraff och vad för strategier som tagits till för att öka möjligheten för återintegration. Studien är av kvalitativ ansats och har bestått av semi-strukturerade intervjuer med fem individer som avtjänat flera fängelsestraff och som i dag känner sig integrerade i samhället. Urvalet har varit av målinriktad urvalsteknik samt snöbollsurval där empirin analyserats utifrån en kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Studiens resultat redogör för svårigheter i form av bostad, sysselsättning och känslor av utanförskap samt utmaningar som uppstår vid frigivning och vilket stöd som erhållits för att öka möjligheterna för integration. Omständigheterna som en individ befinner sig i och förutsättningarna som föreligger vid frigivning kan vara betydande för möjligheten till återintegration. Det stöd som erbjuds vid frigivning anses inte vara tillräckligt för att tillgodose den enskildes behov. I syfte att eventuellt kunna motverka återfall för individer som avtjänat ett fängelsestraff behöver socialt arbete sträva efter att arbeta individanpassad för att främja den enskilde individens behov i form av boende och sysselsättning. Detta i sin tur kan även resultera i att individens förutsättningar till återintegration i samhället ökar. / The study examines previous criminals’ experiences of problems, difficulties in integrating intosociety after serving a prison sentence and what strategies have been taken to increase the possibility of reintegration. The study is of a qualitative approach and has consisted of semi-structured interview with five individuals who have served several prison sentences and who today feel integrated in society. The selection has been of a goal-oriented selection technique and snowball selection where the empirical data has been analysed based on a qualitative content analysis. The results of the study report difficulties finding a place to live, getting an employment and feelings of exclusion, as well as challenges that arise upon release and the support received to increase the opportunities for integration. The circumstances in which the individual finds himself and the conditions that exist at release can be significant for the possibility of reintegration. Support offered upon release is not considered sufficient and does not considered meeting the needs of the individual. In order to be able to counteract recidivism for individuals who have served a prison sentence, social work needs to strive to work tailored to the individual in order to promote the individual’s needs in the form of a place to live and employment. This in turn can also result in the individual’s conditions for reintegration into society increasing.

Specific factors of social exclusion of older persons and their reflection in public administration Abstract This work deals with social exclusion of older people. First try on the analysis of the concept of social exclusion to find a framework through which could later be studied its occurrence in a group of seniors. This framework is the definition of general elements that characterize social exclusion in terms of social, economic and political, which allows you to set specific indicators, which can then be examined in a group of seniors. This work is defined as the proportion of the population older than sixty years. He also works with the theme of health, which is provided as a determinant, which affects all other dimensions. The individual results gradually that seniors as a group generally show a tendency towards higher incidence of social exclusion than the general population or the unemployed. Identified dimensions were then tested using analysis of secondary data set of European social Survey 2008. Another intention of this work was to deal with reflections identified dimensions and their occurrence in public administration and the various levels identified based on the concept of multilevel governance. Reflections on the individual dimensions of social exclusion and was performed at international,...

The thesis is engaged in possibilities of displaced persons social exclusion measurement. The first chapter contains definitions of terms used in the thesis. The following chapter comprises abriged and modified translation of methodology manual of Indicators of poverty and social exclusion, so-called Laeken indicators. In the third chapter there is described role of the Czech Statistical Office from the perspective of Law on State Statistic Service and in relation with homelessness. The next chapter describes history of homelessness, its typology and several aspects of different social science disciplines. The last chapter describes selected social transfers provided in the Czech Republic and designed tool for measurement of social exclusion.

This diploma thesis is mainly focused on term racism, especially how the term racism is used in government documents. The author's point of view is based on social constructivism. Author focuses on way of understanding constructions of the term racism made by relevant policy- makers. The goals of this thesis are descriptive (the description of a discourse in government documents and its broader context) and explanatory (an explanation of an interaction of the discourse and its context). The broader context is found by the event history analysis and by an analysis of stakeholders. The discourse analysis is based on texts found in government documents. The results of these analyses show racism as a complex problem including a wider category of social phenomena related to the disadvantaged situation of ethnic minority groups. Nevertheless we are able to identify several competing approaches to this problem delimitation. Two of them consider racism in context of various social problems having different views on causality between these two levels. Two other approaches link racism with security policy and differ with emphasis on preventive and repressive tools.

Arbetslöshet bland unga vuxna är ett växande samhällsproblem. Anställda på arbetsmarknadsinsatser arbetar för att motverka denna problematik. Forskning påvisar att deltagande i arbetsmarknadsinsatser långsiktigt bidrar till komplettering av gymnasiestudier, inträde till arbetsmarknaden samt minskade symtom av psykisk ohälsa. Den tidigare forskningen presenterar även att studie- och yrkesvägledning är av relevans i arbetsmarknadsinsatserna. Vår studies syfte är att beskriva och analysera hur det salutogena förhållningssättet tillämpas av de anställda på arbetsmarknadsinsatsen för övergångar (AFÖ) i mötet med deltagare. Studien grundar sig på begrepp ur Antonovskys teori KASAM. I studien analyseras de anställdas salutogena arbetssätt med begreppen begriplighet, hanterbarhet och meningsfullhet. Kaosteorins begrepp stängda- och öppna system har bidragit till ett helhetsperspektiv på AFÖ. Studien utgår ifrån kvalitativ metod. AFÖs enkätundersökning samt två av deras resultatredovisningar har använts för att stärka samt stödja de svar som framkom från intervjupersonerna. Analysen visar att samtliga intervjuade arbetar på liknande sätt, med få undantag. En förutsättning för arbetet som bedrivs inom AFÖ är att fokusera på det friska i det sjukliga. En åtskillig del av arbetet fokuserar på att medvetandegöra deltagarna om deras inre- och yttre resurser, för att främja deras utveckling mot uppsatta mål. Det salutogena förhållningssättet bidrar till att förbättra individens kognitiva och fysiska förmågor. AFÖs mål är att deltagarna ska komma närmare sysselsättning och självförsörjning. Resultatredovisningar visar på att AFÖ når detta mål. / Unemployment among young adults is a growing problem for the society. Labor market efforts are working to counter this problem. Research shows that participation in labor market initiatives contributes to completion of high school studies, entry into the labor market and reduced symptoms of mental health. Previous research also shows that study and vocational guidance is of relevance in labor market efforts. The purpose of our study is to describe and analyze how the salutogenic approach is applied by employees in meeting with participants in the labor market effort for transitions (arbetsmarknadsinsatsen för övergångar, AFÖ). The study is based on selected concepts from Antonovsky's theory KASAM. The study analyzes the employee's salutogenic approach with the concepts of comprehensibility, manageability and meaningfulness. The Chaos Theory of Careers concept of closed and open systems has contributed to an overall perspective on AFÖ. The study is based on qualitative methodology. A survey and two result presentations from AFÖ have been used to strengthen and support the answers provided by the interviewees. Our analyzes shows that all interviewees work in a similar way, with some exceptions. A prerequisite for the work of AFÖ’s to focus on the healthiness in the sickness. An important part of the work focuses on awareness of participants about their inner and outer resources, in order to promote the development towards their set goals. The salutogenic approach helps improve the individual's cognitive and physical abilities. AFÖ’s goal is that the participants will come closer to employment and self-sufficiency. Result presentations show that AFÖ achieves this goal.

Since the 1990s sustainability has been a keyword in all kinds of development. Urban planning is not an exception. The three most common aspects of sustainable development are economic, social, and ecological. However, there are many academics that claim that these three aspects are not prioritized equally. Patsy Healey (2007) among others argues that the economical aspect is hegemony and that sustainable social and ecological development is dependent on economic measures. The purpose of this thesis is to study the planning and implementation of a new public transport system in Cape Town, South Africa, and to investigate how it relates to sustainable social development in particular. This since Cape Town has a long history of segregation of different groups, and today there are large income inequalities and geographical distances that increase the social exclusion in the city. The theoretical framework is concentrated into three themes; Social justice and equity in public transport planning, accessibility and mobility, and finally, social exclusion. The empirical data is collected with a qualitative method in the form of a case study. We can conclude that even though the notion of investing in public transport to combat social exclusion is present in the planning documents in Cape Town, the implementation and investments in the new public transport system do not always follow the documents’ principles. This contributes to little or no change regarding social exclusion in Cape Town.

Based on a joint qualitative and quantitative approach, this dissertation analyzes Faulkner´s use of the house motif and related imagery in all of his novels and short story collections. Chapter One recapitulates what has been published on this issue before, a definition of the term "literary motif" follows in Chapter Two. Chapter Three provides a brief outline of different architectural styles used in the American South. Chapter Four introduces the reader to Lévi-Strauss´ notion of a house-based society. Chapter Five offers information about the use of the house motif in American literature in general. Chapter Six, the main part of my dissertation, is divided into three sections. The first section analyzes the significance of private houses [plantation houses, mansions, town houses, and cabins], the second section discusses the nature of public houses [courthouse, jail, banks, barbershops, churches, brothels] and public open spaces, while the third section, by contrast, highlights the symbolic meaning of elementary co-occurrences [attics, windows, doors, porches, fences] in Faulkner´s body of work. In the conclusion in Chapter Seven, my dissertation presents inter alia the following results: 1. The house motif and elementary co-occurrences symbolize a segregated society. 2. Yoknapatawpha County is a house-based society as defined by Lévi-Strauss in which houses are key symbols to organize and structure Yoknapatawpha´s society. 3. Faulkner derived his use of the house-motif from the Gothic tradition. 4. House related imagery like windows, doors, and fences, for instance, are not only used as spatial metaphors of liminality; these elementary co-occurrences also have a prominent position the complex symbol system of the house motif. The appendix contains statistics to fifteen novels and four short story collections highlighting the most frequently occurring nouns in these literary works.

Indigenous communities historically live outside of the state. Colonialism, feudalism, and globalization have pushed them to society's fringe. In many nations, indigenous communities feel they are isolated from mainland society. This study examines the exclusion process of the Garo indigenous community of Bangladesh. Garo indigenous Community lives in Madhupur Sal forest, and they often express they are socially excluded. Based on specific characteristics of social exclusion, this study examines the social exclusion process of the Garo indigenous community in Bangladesh. It finds that Garo communities are socially excluded in terms of economic, cultural, social rights, and social involvement. The empirical data shows that they feel isolated because of their religion, cultural practice, and stereotypical thinking of the mainland community.