TITLE: The importance of caring for the soul in the life of the contemporary man AUTHOR: Vladislava Tesárková DEPARTMENT: Department of civics and philosophy SUPERVISOR: prof. PhDr. Anna Hogenová, CSc. ABSTRACT: The aim of this work is a reminder of the value of the soul along with the possibilities of taking care of it. This thesis deals with the importance of taking care of the soul in the life of the contemporary man. At the beginning of the text are laid these source questions: What is the care for the soul about and what does it include? The paper is divided into three parts which deal with comparing the perception of the soul in the ancient times, in the modern era and Patočka's conception of history, questioning and life movements, leading the dialogue which aims to discovering its own origin. These requirements for pursuing the mental growth appear to be necessary . The care for the soul is inextricably linked with the phenomenon of freedom as the freedom to something. The fundamental human task is to nurture the soul. The precondition for upbringing and education is the care for the soul . An important place has the care of the soul in the context of psychotherapy of which aim in the framework of a therapeutic relationship is orientating man's critical thinking to things themselves and revealing...

TITLE: The importance of caring for the soul in the life of the contemporary man AUTHOR: Vladislava Tesárková DEPARTMENT: Department of civics and philosophy SUPERVISOR: prof. PhDr. Anna Hogenová, CSc. ABSTRACT: The aim of this work is a reminder of the value of the soul along with the possibilities of taking care of it. This thesis deals with the importance of taking care of the soul in the life of the contemporary man. At the beginning of the text are laid these source questions: What is the care for the soul about and what does it include? The paper is divided into three parts which deal with comparing the perception of the soul in the ancient times, in the modern era and Patočka's conception of history, questioning and life movements, leading the dialogue which aims to discovering its own origin. These requirements for pursuing the mental growth appear to be necessary . The care for the soul is inextricably linked with the phenomenon of freedom as the freedom to something. The fundamental human task is to nurture the soul. The precondition for upbringing and education is the care for the soul . The contemporary view of the care for the soul is quite different from the above mentioned concepts, it is somehow distorted. At present the care for the soul is quite neglected and in its place are getting other...

Num empenho em levar a psicologia para além da clínica, James Hillman resgatou a ideia platônica de anima mundi (alma do mundo) e a colocou na base de suas reflexões sobre cidade e alma. Nesta perspectiva, não apenas os seres humanos, mas o mundo e as coisas do mundo, inclusive as cidades e os lugares, possuem alma. Dizer que todas coisas possuem alma, significa dizer que, por meio de sua apresentação sensorial, as coisas exibem sua imagem interior, sua presença como realidade psíquica, e se colocam à disposição de nossa imaginação. Com essas ideias em mente esta pesquisadora recebeu um chamado e foi conhecer o Jardim Pedramar, bairro localizado na periferia da cidade de Jacareí (SP), recorte da cidade que foi eleito para a realização desta investigação. Adotando como método a etnografia sensorial, proposta por Sarah Pink, segundo a qual o etnógrafo adquire conhecimento com seu corpo inteiro, experimentando, a pesquisadora conviveu com os moradores do lugar durante três anos e meio, registrando em imagens tudo o que via e experimentava. A investigação culminou na edição do documentário Jardim Pedra MareAlma, em parceria com alguns moradores do lugar, cujo processo de produção acabou se configurando uma intervenção via imagens. Neste trabalho, e no documentário, pode-se ver que, no Jardim Pedramar as pessoas dançam moçambique, compõem músicas e escrevem poesias homenageando o bairro, grafitam muros e cuidam do meio ambiente, desenvolvendo um patrimônio cultural e de resistência que os ajuda a lidar com a falta de saneamento básico, escolas, equipamentos de lazer e unidade básica de saúde. Os moradores do Jardim Pedramar cultivam a alma do lugar, na medida em que se envolvem com ele, prestam atenção àquele território de imagens e procuram dar sentido a elas. Percebe-se, no Jardim Pedramar, que é possível conjugar vulnerabilidade e felicidade, duas qualidades da alma que raramente imaginamos estarem presentes ao mesmo tempo. Refletindo sobre essa experiência, à luz da psicologia analítica e da psicologia arquetípica, constatou-se que as imagens no mundo são um meio privilegiado de acesso à alma de um lugar, pois permitem um olhar poético e metafórico para suas coisas, criando cultura psicológica e formas de viver. Por meio desta investigação, foi possível constatar também, que a etnografia sensorial é uma metodologia que permite estudar e compreender a alma de um lugar / In an effort to take psychology beyond the clinic, James Hillman rescued the platonic idea of anima mundi (soul of the world) and placed it at the base of his reflections on city and soul. In this perspective, not only human beings, but the world and the things of the world, including cities and places, have soul. To say that all things have soul means to say that through their sensorial presentation things exhibit their inner image, their presence as psychic reality, and are put at the disposal of our imagination. With these ideas in mind this researcher received a calling and got to know Jardim Pedramar, a neighborhood located on the outskirts of the city of Jacareí (SP), a part of the city that was chosen to carry out this research. Utilizing as a method the sensory ethnography, proposed by Sarah Pink, according to which the ethnographer acquires knowledge with his/her entire body, experimenting, the researcher lived closely with the local residents for three and a half years, recording via images everything they saw and experienced. The investigation culminated in the edition of the documentary \"Jardim Pedra MareAlma\" (Stone, Sea and Soul- Garden), in partnership with some local residents, whose production process ended up being an intervention via images. In this work, and in the documentary, one can see that in Jardim Pedramar people dance to Mozambique, compose songs and write poetry honoring the neighborhood, graffiti walls and take care of the environment, developing a cultural and residence heritage that helps them cope with lack of basic sanitation, schools, leisure equipment and a basic health unit. The residents of Jardim Pedramar cultivate the soul of the place, as they become involved with it. They pay attention to that territory of images and try to make sense of them. One can see in Jardim Pedramar that it is possible to combine vulnerability and happiness, two qualities of the soul that we rarely imagine to be present at the same time. Reflecting on this experience, in the light of analytical and archetypal psychology, it has been found that images in the world are a privileged means of accessing the soul of a place, since they allow a poetic and metaphorical look at their things, creating psychological culture and ways of living. Through this research, it was also possible to verify that sensorial ethnography is a methodology that allows us to study and understand the soul of a place

This thesis is concerned with popular music's working of time. It takes the experience of time as crucial to the negotiation of social, political or, more simply, existential, conditions. The key example analysed is the funk style invented by legendary musician James Brown. I argue that James Brown's funk might be understood as an apprehension of a minor temporality or the musical expression of a particular form of negotiation of time by a minor culture. Precursors to this idea are found in the literature of the stream of consciousness style and, more significantly for this thesis, in the work of philosopher Gilles Deleuze on the cinema in his books Cinema 1: The Movement-Image and Cinema 2: The Time-Image. These examples are all concerned with the indeterminate unfolding of lived time and where the reality of temporal indeterminacy will take precedence over the more linear conventions of traditional narrative. Deleuze???s Cinema books account for such a shift in emphasis from the narrative depiction of movement through time the movement-image to a more direct experience of the temporal the time-image, and I will trace a similar shift in the history of popular music. For Deleuze, the change in the relation of images to time is catalysed by the intolerable events of World War II. In this thesis, the evolution of funk will be seen to reflect the existential change experienced by a generation of African-Americans in the wake of the civil-rights movement. The funk groove associated with the music of James Brown is discussed as an aesthetic strategy that responds to the existential conditions that grew out of the often perceived failure of the civil rights movement in the 1960s. Funk provided an aesthetic strategy that allowed for the constitution of a minor temporality, involving a series of temporal negotiations that eschew more hegemonic, common sense, compositions of time and space. This has implications for the understanding of much of the popular music that has followed funk. I argue that the understanding of the emergence of funk, and of the contemporary electronic dance music styles which followed, would be enhanced by taking this ontological consideration of the experiential time of minorities into account. I will argue that funk and the electronic dance musics that followed might be seen as articulations of minority expression, where the time-image style of their musical compositions reflect the post-soul eschewing of a narratively driven, common sense view of historical time.

Le but de la présente thèse est d’étudier les témoignages sur la doctrine de l’« Hadès ouranien » du IVe siècle avant J.-C. au VIe siècle après J.-C. et de dégager les éléments essentiels. L’« Hadès ouranien », traduction de l’expression ὁ ἐν τῷ οὐρανῷ ᾍδης, est un thème de pensée qui caractérise tout un millénaire de la philosophie et de la religion de l’Antiquité païenne. En traitant ce thème historico-religieux, on se veut le plus complet possible mais tout en étant prudent envers nos sources, qui sont fragmentaires et qui proviennent, pour la majorité, de la tradition platonico-péripatéticienne et de ses commentateurs. Aussi, s’efforce-t-on de montrer que l’Hadès ouranien est un lieu de purification pour l’âme et donc, un purgatoire. D’une manière générale, notre recherche est la première entièrement consacrée au sujet de l’Hadès ouranien et à son évolution durant l’Antiquité. Pour ce faire, sur la base d’une approche contextualisée, nous croyons devoir distinguer en réalité trois lieux où l’Hadès céleste a été situé : il y a d’un côté l’emplacement dans la Voie Lactée (Héraclide du Pont) ; il y a aussi un effort, assez divers en ses formes, de situer ce Purgatoire entre la Lune et la terre ou aux alentours de la Lune (les académiciens, les stoïciens, Cicéron, Virgile, Plutarque, les écrits hermétiques) ; finalement, Numénius et les néoplatoniciens latins l’ont situé entre la sphère des fixes et la terre. Quant à l’évolution des éléments qui constituent notre thème, la thèse montre que le platonisme et le néoplatonisme ont fourni un milieu propice pour le développement et la propagation dans l’empire gréco-romain des doctrines sur l’Hadès céleste. De plus, ces mouvements ont aidé à la spiritualisation progressive de cet espace purgatoire. Par ailleurs, on établira certaines caractéristiques de notre thème : l’échappée de l’âme hors du corps, l’allégorie physique et la division, ontologique et physique, entre les mondes sublunaire et supralunaire. Dans une première partie, on traitera de la doctrine de l’Hadès ouranien dans l’ancienne Académie platonicienne (Héraclide, Xénocrate, Philippe d’Oponte) et dans le stoïcisme. La deuxième partie est consacrée à l’analyse du Purgatoire chez Plutarque de Chéronée. La doctrine du Purgatoire selon Cicéron et Virgile et chez leurs interprètes néoplatoniciens, ainsi que dans l’hermétisme et le gnosticisme sera traitée dans la troisième partie. Dans la quatrième et dernière partie, on explorera la doctrine du Purgatoire dans le Oracles chaldaïques et dans les écrits de Proclus, particulièrement dans son Commentaire sur la République de Platon. / The aim of the present dissertation is to study the testimonies concerning the doctrine of the “Celestial Hades” from the 4th century BCE to the 6th century CE and to uncover its essential elements. The “Celestial Hades”, translation of the Greek expression ὁ ἐν τῷ οὐρανῷ ᾍδης, is a pattern of thought that characterizes a millenary of the philosophy and the religion of Pagan Antiquity. In analysing this historico-religious motif, we try to be as exhaustive as possible, though we are very prudent towards our sources, which are in most cases fragmentary and originate from the Platonico-Aristotelian tradition. Hence, an effort has been made to show that the celestial Hades is a place of purification for the soul and thus a Purgatory. Generally speaking, our investigation is the first to be entirely dedicated to the study of the doctrine of the Celestial Hades and to its development during Antiquity. To achieve this aim, and following a contextualist approach, we have tried to distinguish three places where the Celestial Hades has been situated: it has been situated either in the Milky Way (Heraclides of Pontus); or between the Moon and the Earth or around the Moon (the Academicians, the Stoics, Cicero, Virgil, Plutarch, the Hermetical writings); finally, it has been situated, according to Numenius and the Latin Neoplatonists, between the sphere of the fixed stars and the Earth. As regarding its development, our study shows that the Platonist and Neoplatonist traditions have provided a favourable milieu for the propagation of this doctrine in Antiquity. Moreover, certain characteristics regarding our theme will be established: the ascension of the soul, the doctrine of physical allegory and the division, ontological et physical, between the sublunary and the supralunary worlds. In the first part of our research, we analyse the doctrine of the Celestial Hades on the Early Academy of Plato (Heraclides, Xenocrates, Philip of Opus) and in the Stoic school. The second part is dedicated to Plutarch’s doctrine of Purgatory. Thirdly, the same doctrine will be analysed in Cicero and Virgil, and their exegetes, as well as in the Hermetic treatises and Gnosticism. The fourth and last part will explore the celestial Purgatory in the Chaldaean Oracles and in the writings of Proclus, particularly his Commentary on the Republic.

This thesis is concerned with popular music's working of time. It takes the experience of time as crucial to the negotiation of social, political or, more simply, existential, conditions. The key example analysed is the funk style invented by legendary musician James Brown. I argue that James Brown's funk might be understood as an apprehension of a minor temporality or the musical expression of a particular form of negotiation of time by a minor culture. Precursors to this idea are found in the literature of the stream of consciousness style and, more significantly for this thesis, in the work of philosopher Gilles Deleuze on the cinema in his books Cinema 1: The Movement-Image and Cinema 2: The Time-Image. These examples are all concerned with the indeterminate unfolding of lived time and where the reality of temporal indeterminacy will take precedence over the more linear conventions of traditional narrative. Deleuze???s Cinema books account for such a shift in emphasis from the narrative depiction of movement through time the movement-image to a more direct experience of the temporal the time-image, and I will trace a similar shift in the history of popular music. For Deleuze, the change in the relation of images to time is catalysed by the intolerable events of World War II. In this thesis, the evolution of funk will be seen to reflect the existential change experienced by a generation of African-Americans in the wake of the civil-rights movement. The funk groove associated with the music of James Brown is discussed as an aesthetic strategy that responds to the existential conditions that grew out of the often perceived failure of the civil rights movement in the 1960s. Funk provided an aesthetic strategy that allowed for the constitution of a minor temporality, involving a series of temporal negotiations that eschew more hegemonic, common sense, compositions of time and space. This has implications for the understanding of much of the popular music that has followed funk. I argue that the understanding of the emergence of funk, and of the contemporary electronic dance music styles which followed, would be enhanced by taking this ontological consideration of the experiential time of minorities into account. I will argue that funk and the electronic dance musics that followed might be seen as articulations of minority expression, where the time-image style of their musical compositions reflect the post-soul eschewing of a narratively driven, common sense view of historical time.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--State University of New York at Binghamton, Department of Comparative Literature, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references.

Num empenho em levar a psicologia para além da clínica, James Hillman resgatou a ideia platônica de anima mundi (alma do mundo) e a colocou na base de suas reflexões sobre cidade e alma. Nesta perspectiva, não apenas os seres humanos, mas o mundo e as coisas do mundo, inclusive as cidades e os lugares, possuem alma. Dizer que todas coisas possuem alma, significa dizer que, por meio de sua apresentação sensorial, as coisas exibem sua imagem interior, sua presença como realidade psíquica, e se colocam à disposição de nossa imaginação. Com essas ideias em mente esta pesquisadora recebeu um chamado e foi conhecer o Jardim Pedramar, bairro localizado na periferia da cidade de Jacareí (SP), recorte da cidade que foi eleito para a realização desta investigação. Adotando como método a etnografia sensorial, proposta por Sarah Pink, segundo a qual o etnógrafo adquire conhecimento com seu corpo inteiro, experimentando, a pesquisadora conviveu com os moradores do lugar durante três anos e meio, registrando em imagens tudo o que via e experimentava. A investigação culminou na edição do documentário Jardim Pedra MareAlma, em parceria com alguns moradores do lugar, cujo processo de produção acabou se configurando uma intervenção via imagens. Neste trabalho, e no documentário, pode-se ver que, no Jardim Pedramar as pessoas dançam moçambique, compõem músicas e escrevem poesias homenageando o bairro, grafitam muros e cuidam do meio ambiente, desenvolvendo um patrimônio cultural e de resistência que os ajuda a lidar com a falta de saneamento básico, escolas, equipamentos de lazer e unidade básica de saúde. Os moradores do Jardim Pedramar cultivam a alma do lugar, na medida em que se envolvem com ele, prestam atenção àquele território de imagens e procuram dar sentido a elas. Percebe-se, no Jardim Pedramar, que é possível conjugar vulnerabilidade e felicidade, duas qualidades da alma que raramente imaginamos estarem presentes ao mesmo tempo. Refletindo sobre essa experiência, à luz da psicologia analítica e da psicologia arquetípica, constatou-se que as imagens no mundo são um meio privilegiado de acesso à alma de um lugar, pois permitem um olhar poético e metafórico para suas coisas, criando cultura psicológica e formas de viver. Por meio desta investigação, foi possível constatar também, que a etnografia sensorial é uma metodologia que permite estudar e compreender a alma de um lugar / In an effort to take psychology beyond the clinic, James Hillman rescued the platonic idea of anima mundi (soul of the world) and placed it at the base of his reflections on city and soul. In this perspective, not only human beings, but the world and the things of the world, including cities and places, have soul. To say that all things have soul means to say that through their sensorial presentation things exhibit their inner image, their presence as psychic reality, and are put at the disposal of our imagination. With these ideas in mind this researcher received a calling and got to know Jardim Pedramar, a neighborhood located on the outskirts of the city of Jacareí (SP), a part of the city that was chosen to carry out this research. Utilizing as a method the sensory ethnography, proposed by Sarah Pink, according to which the ethnographer acquires knowledge with his/her entire body, experimenting, the researcher lived closely with the local residents for three and a half years, recording via images everything they saw and experienced. The investigation culminated in the edition of the documentary \"Jardim Pedra MareAlma\" (Stone, Sea and Soul- Garden), in partnership with some local residents, whose production process ended up being an intervention via images. In this work, and in the documentary, one can see that in Jardim Pedramar people dance to Mozambique, compose songs and write poetry honoring the neighborhood, graffiti walls and take care of the environment, developing a cultural and residence heritage that helps them cope with lack of basic sanitation, schools, leisure equipment and a basic health unit. The residents of Jardim Pedramar cultivate the soul of the place, as they become involved with it. They pay attention to that territory of images and try to make sense of them. One can see in Jardim Pedramar that it is possible to combine vulnerability and happiness, two qualities of the soul that we rarely imagine to be present at the same time. Reflecting on this experience, in the light of analytical and archetypal psychology, it has been found that images in the world are a privileged means of accessing the soul of a place, since they allow a poetic and metaphorical look at their things, creating psychological culture and ways of living. Through this research, it was also possible to verify that sensorial ethnography is a methodology that allows us to study and understand the soul of a place

Les lecteurs du traité De l’âme d’Aristote pensent souvent que la véritable contribution du Stagirite en ce domaine consiste dans l’application de l’hylémorphisme à la relation de l’âme et du corps. Le rôle que jouent les notions de puissance et de réalisation dans la psychologie aristotélicienne est relativement négligé au profit de celui des notions de matière et de forme.L’objectif de cette étude est de mesurer les contributions respectives des deux couples conceptuels fondamentaux de l’ontologie aristotélicienne à l’étude de l’être animé. Quelles sont la portée et les limites de l’hylémorphisme psychologique ? Quel rôle joue la distinction des niveaux de puissance et de réalisation dans le DA et dans d’autres traités consacrés à l’être animé ? Par quels moyens conceptuels Aristote parvient-il à définir l’âme, à résoudre les problèmes de la relation de l’âme et du corps, à unifier ses recherches psychologiques et zoologiques ? A travers l’examen de ces questions, cette étude cherche à préciser la place qu’occupe le notion de « réalisation première » dans l’étude aristotélicienne de l’âme et de l’être animé. / Readers of Aristotle’s De anima often hold that the tenor of his account consists in the application of hylomorphism to soul-body relations. The part played by potentiality and actuality in Aristotle’s psychology has been somewhat overlooked while hylomorphic analyses prevail in the literature. The objective of our study is to assess the respective contributions of these two basic Aristotelian ontological couples to the study of animate beings. What are the scope and limitations of psychological hylomorphism? What role does the distinction between different levels of potentiality and actuality play in the DA and in the other treaties that deal with animate beings? What are the conceptual means that enable Aristotle to define the soul, to disentangle problems relative to soul-body relations and to bring together his psychological doctrine with his zoological research? Through an examination of these questions, the present study seeks to spell out how the so-called “first realization” fits in with the Aristotelian study of the soul and the animate.

[pt] Esta dissertação tem por objetivo analisar a experiência dos frequentadores e organizadores dos bailes de música soul na década de 1970 nos subúrbios do Rio de Janeiro. O fenômeno dos bailes se iniciou em fins dos anos sessenta, e ao longo da década seguinte se tornou a principal forma de lazer de centenas de milhares de jovens negros. Inseridos num quadro de circulação de influências que passavam pelo movimento Black Power no Estados Unidos da América e pelas lutas de independência de diversos países africanos, aqueles jovens se reapropriaram das referências culturais e políticas a que tinham acesso e ajudaram a alterar, junto ao nascente movimento negro contemporâneo, a forma pela qual se discutia o racismo e as relações raciais no país. A ditadura iniciada em 1964, que mantinha o mito da democracia racial como importante pilar ideológico, logo conferiu aos bailes o status de ameaça à segurança nacional. Assim, analisar o fenômeno nos ajuda a compreender como o regime encarava o questionamento a esse mito. Mas para além da possível ameaça política representada pelos blacks para a ditadura, o caso dos bailes nos permite inscrever a violência ditatorial em uma temporalidade mais larga. Ou seja, observá-la a partir da perspectiva na qual o controle social das parcelas mais subalternizadas da sociedade – as classes perigosas – é encarado como objetivo fundamental do Estado e suas instituições – especialmente as do sistema penal. / [en] This dissertation aims to analyze the experience of promoters and those who attended the bailes soul in the 1970 s in Rio de Janeiro s suburbs. The phenomenon of the bailes started in late 60 s. Throughout the following decade, it became the most important leisure form of hundreds of thousands of young black men and women. They were inspired by the Black Power movement in the United States of America and the fights for independence in several African countries and have re-appropriated those cultural and political influences. The bailes changed the way that Brazil discussed racism and racial relations. The dictatorship used the myth of the racial democracy as official ideology and saw the bailes as a threat to national security. As we analyze the phenomenon, we can understand how the regime saw the questioning of this myth. However, it was not only about the political threat. The bailes allow us to insert the dictatorship s violence in a much larger temporality. Therefore, we aim to analyze it from a perspective in which the social control of the most subalternized sectors of the society – the classes perigosas – is seen as the fundamental objective of the State and its institutions – specially those of the penal system.