Neste trabalho é apresentado um modelo de sistema de gestão da segurança no trânsito urbano, denominado SEGTRANS, que visa a redução dos acidentes de trânsito e a minimização dos conflitos de tráfego, com conseqüente aumento da segurança e do conforto para os usuários. O SEGTRANS contempla a organização de um banco de dados com informações sobre acidentes, conflitos de tráfego, sistema viário e zoneamento urbano, em programas de planilha eletrônica e sistema de informações geográficas; o desenvolvimento de técnica mista de avaliação da segurança viária com dados de acidentes, conflitos de tráfego e meio ambiente viário; o tratamento dos dados com a produção de relatórios e mapas temáticos; a sistemática para a definição das ações a serem implementadas visando reduzir os acidentes; e o processo de avaliação das medidas adotadas. Alguns dos principais estudos desenvolvidos no trabalho foram: definição da técnica de conflitos de tráfego, seleção das variáveis e formação do banco de dados de acidentes com montagem de programa em Access para introdução dos dados, técnica mista de avaliação da segurança viária, técnica de avaliação por carro teste e caminhada teste e tratamento dos dados em programas de planilha eletrônica e sistema de informação geográfica. / This work presents a model of management system for urban traffic safety, denominated SEGTRANS, which seeks the reduction of traffic accidents and the reduction of traffic conflicts, with consequent increase of safety and comfort for the users. The SEGTRANS contemplates the organisation of a database with information on accidents, traffic conflicts, road system and urban zoning, in electronic spreadsheet programs and geographic information systems; a development of a mixed technique of evaluation of the road safety with data of accidents, traffic conflicts and road environment; a treatment of the data with the production of reports and thematic maps; system for definition of actions to be implemented seeking to reduce the accidents; and a process of evaluation of the adopted measures. Some of the main studies developed in this work included: definition of the traffic conflict technique, selection of variables and formation of a database of accidents with program assembly in Access for introduction of data, a mixed technique of evaluation of the road safety, an evaluation technique for car test and walking test and treatment of data in electronic spreadsheet programs and geographic information systems.

O processo de administração de medicamentos é considerado um processo complexo, crítico e de alto risco para os pacientes e tem apresentado altas taxas de ocorrência de eventos adversos que poderiam ser evitados. Este estudo teve o objetivo de analisar os riscos potenciais do processo de administração de medicamentos antiinfecciosos por via intravenosa de uma unidade de internação, visando a prevenir e a reduzir eventos adversos com medicamentos. A investigação, de natureza exploratória, foi realizada na unidade de Clínica Médica de um Hospital do Estado de Goiás, utilizando o Método de Análise do Modo e Efeito da Falha. Participaram do estudo, além da pesquisadora, seis profissionais envolvidos na terapêutica medicamentosa: médico, enfermeiro, técnico de enfermagem, farmacêutico e os gerentes de Enfermagem e de risco. Foram realizadas 24 reuniões, no período de 19 de fevereiro a 3 de julho de 2008, totalizando 56 horas. Todas os dados foram transcritos e armazenados em um banco eletrônico no programa Microsoft Excel® e analisados no software XFMEA 4. Os resultados indicaram que o processo de administração de medicamentos possui quatro microprocessos, dez atividades e 22 funções. No processo foram identificados 52 modos potenciais da falha (MPF), sendo que as maiores freqüências estiveram nas atividades de administração de medicamentos (16; 30,8%), preparo de medicamentos (12; 23,1%), aprazamento de medicamentos (5; 9,6%) e transcrição de medicamentos para etiquetas (5; 9,6%). Também foram identificados 79 efeitos potencias da falha (EPF), com as maiores freqüências nas atividades: administração de medicamentos (24; 30,4%), preparo de medicamentos (15; 19%) e transcrição de medicamentos para etiquetas (12; 15,2%). Dos EPF, 36,2% foram considerados de gravidade média; 28,7% de moderada, e 27,5% de alta. Em 80% das atividades, foram identificados efeitos de alta gravidade. A classificação dos efeitos apontou que os tipos mais freqüentes foram os erros de: técnica (21; 26,6%), omissão (20; 25,3%) e horário (15; 19%). Foram identificadas 285 causas potenciais da falha (CPF) com as seguintes freqüências quanto aos índices de ocorrência: 91 (31,9%) média, 78 (27,4%), baixa ou relativamente baixa; 40 (14,0%), alta; e 30 (10,5%), extremamente alta. As CPF foram classificadas dentro de três categorias: gestão dos processos organizacionais (125; 43,9%); recursos humanos (124; 41,4%); estrutura física e material (36; 12,6%). Em relação aos tipos de controles, os resultados mostraram que 211 (92,9%) eram de detecção e 12 (5,3%) de prevenção. O cálculo do número de prioridade de risco (NPR) das CPF identificou que 59 (20,7%) eram de alta prioridade de risco, 156 (54,7%) de média e 70 (24, 6%) de baixa. Foram recomendadas 293 ações de melhorias para as 215 CPF de alta e média prioridade, sendo 240 (81,9%) de curto prazo, 39 (13,3%) de médio prazo e 14 (4,8%) de longo prazo. A simulação do impacto das ações propostas possibilitou identificar uma redução de 79,7% dos MPF de alta prioridade de risco e de 59,6% dos MPF de alta criticidade, assim como uma redução do NPR total das atividades entre 90 e 31,8%, com medidas simples e de rápida aplicação, aumentando a confiabilidade e segurança do processo de administração de medicamentos / Intravenous drug administration is a high-risk process due to its complexity and high rates of adverse events. The aim of this study was to analyse potential risks associated to intravenous anti-infectious drug administration process in a hospital unit. It was an exploratory search at a University Hospital Medical Clinic unit in Goiás, by means of failure modes and effects analysis method. For data collection, it was formed a six members multidisciplinary staff: risk and nurse manager, medical, nurse, and pharmacist, in addition to the searcher. A number of 24 meetings was done, from February 19 and July 3, 2008, in an amount of 56 hours. One has collected data, copied and saved them in a Microsoft Excel® electronic data bank. Afterwards, they were analyzed by means of XFMEA 4 software. Results showed that administration process involves 4 micro process, 10 activities, 22 functions. The search identified 52 failure potential modes (FPM) whose most significant frequencies happened in the following activities: drug administration (16; 30.8%); drug preparation (12; 23.1%); drug delay (5; 9,6%) and drug names transcription to tags (5; 9.6%). The study identified also 79 failure potential effects (FPE), whose higher frequencies were: drug administration (24; 30.4%), drug preparation (15; 19%) and transcription to tags (12; 15.2%). Among FPE, 36.2% were considered as of medium severity ones; 28.7% moderate severity, and 27.5% of high severity ones. High severity effects were identified in 80% of the activities. Effect classification pointed that the most frequent types were the following ones: technical (21; 26.6%), omission (20; 25.3%) and schedule (15; 19%). A number of 285 failure potential causes (FPC) were identified with the following occurrence rates: 91 (31.9%) medium, 78 (27.4%), low or extremely low; 40 (14.0%), high; and 30 (10.5%), extremely high. FPC were classified in three categories: organizational process management (125; 43.9%); human resources (124; 41.4%); physical and material structure (36; 12.6%). Concerning to control types, results showed 211 (92.9%) derived from detection and 12 (5.3%) were prevention ones. FPC Risk priority number (RPN) calculation showed that 59 (20.7%) had high-risk priority; 156 (54.7%) medium and 70 (24.6%) low-risk priority. A number of 293 recommendations were done to high and medium priority FPC: 240 (81.9%) short term, 39 (13.3%) de medium term and 14 (4.8%) de long-term ones. Action impact simulation on failure modes allowed to identify a 79.7% reduction in high priority FPM as well a 59.6% one in high criticality FPM ones by means of simple and quick application measures that can improve reliability and safety in drug administration process

Comme en attestent les multiples études sur les règles et les normes, la recherche en sciences sociales et particulièrement dans le domaine de la sécurité conçoit l’action essentiellement au travers de conflits entre l'autonomie et l'hétéronomie c’est-à-dire entre le fait de se dicter ou non ses propres lois. Néanmoins une approche dépassant ce clivage pour mettre en tension ces deux notions au sein de concepts d’action est non seulement possible mais surtout intéressante pour analyser le management de la sécurité. C’est pourquoi ce travail vise à faire la preuve du concept d’injonction de sécurité en tant que communication contraignante offrant une marge d’autonomie à son destinataire en vue de l’action. Ainsi, l’analyse socio-historique d’une entité de contrôle interne dans le secteur du nucléaire démontre que l’injonction de sécurité inclut à dessein des marges d’autonomie sur les moyens pour atteindre des objectifs de sûreté globaux et cherche à atteindre la subjectivité de son destinataire pour améliorer sa propre efficacité sur le terrain. / As several studies on rules and norms show, social sciences research and particularly in safety field generally deals with action by opposing autonomy and heteronomy; that is to say the ability to shape or not one’s life issues. However, an approach overcoming this opposition to tension those notions inside action concepts is possible and fruitful regarding safety management analysis. That is why this study aims to prove the concept of safety injunction as a binding communication that offers some autonomy margins to the addressee in order to handle action. Thus, a nuclear safety internal control socio-historical analysis will demonstrate that safety injunction intentionally provides autonomy margins related to means to reach safety goals and pursue addressee’s subjectivity to enhance its operational effectiveness.

Neste trabalho é apresentado um modelo de sistema de gestão da segurança no trânsito urbano, denominado SEGTRANS, que visa a redução dos acidentes de trânsito e a minimização dos conflitos de tráfego, com conseqüente aumento da segurança e do conforto para os usuários. O SEGTRANS contempla a organização de um banco de dados com informações sobre acidentes, conflitos de tráfego, sistema viário e zoneamento urbano, em programas de planilha eletrônica e sistema de informações geográficas; o desenvolvimento de técnica mista de avaliação da segurança viária com dados de acidentes, conflitos de tráfego e meio ambiente viário; o tratamento dos dados com a produção de relatórios e mapas temáticos; a sistemática para a definição das ações a serem implementadas visando reduzir os acidentes; e o processo de avaliação das medidas adotadas. Alguns dos principais estudos desenvolvidos no trabalho foram: definição da técnica de conflitos de tráfego, seleção das variáveis e formação do banco de dados de acidentes com montagem de programa em Access para introdução dos dados, técnica mista de avaliação da segurança viária, técnica de avaliação por carro teste e caminhada teste e tratamento dos dados em programas de planilha eletrônica e sistema de informação geográfica. / This work presents a model of management system for urban traffic safety, denominated SEGTRANS, which seeks the reduction of traffic accidents and the reduction of traffic conflicts, with consequent increase of safety and comfort for the users. The SEGTRANS contemplates the organisation of a database with information on accidents, traffic conflicts, road system and urban zoning, in electronic spreadsheet programs and geographic information systems; a development of a mixed technique of evaluation of the road safety with data of accidents, traffic conflicts and road environment; a treatment of the data with the production of reports and thematic maps; system for definition of actions to be implemented seeking to reduce the accidents; and a process of evaluation of the adopted measures. Some of the main studies developed in this work included: definition of the traffic conflict technique, selection of variables and formation of a database of accidents with program assembly in Access for introduction of data, a mixed technique of evaluation of the road safety, an evaluation technique for car test and walking test and treatment of data in electronic spreadsheet programs and geographic information systems.

A troubling trend has developed in the increasing number of commuter rail accidents causing injuries, fatalities, and safety concerns. The specific problem addressed in this study is that current leadership practices have not achieved success reducing safety violations and rail accidents. The purpose of this qualitative cross-sectional study was to explore the potential influence of perceived leadership styles of 16 frontline rail supervisors and 4 managers on safety management practices within a metro rail system. The conceptual framework was based on Bass's transformational leadership theory and Reason's human error model. The key research question dealt with how leadership style might influence safety management practices. Data collection involved a 45-question, Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ) leader form administered to assess perceived leadership styles and a 10-question structured interview conducted to understand participants' attitudes toward safety management practices. MLQ analysis involved comparing results to normative population data. Key MLQ results indicated that participants were inside the ideal frequency ranges for the five transformational scales and outside for the two transactional scales. Coding and thematic analysis was used to identify emergent themes in the experiential data. The analysis indicated that safety management and leadership were primary concerns of participants. Further research on the relationship between transformational leadership models and improved system safety practices is recommended. Transformational leadership models could influence positive social change by improving system safety practices in the transit rail industry.

Nuclear-based hydrogen generation is a promising way to supply hydrogen for this large market in the future. This thesis focuses on one of the most promising methods, a thermochemical Cu-Cl cycle, which is currently under development by UOIT, Atomic Energy of Canada Limited (AECL) and the Argonne National Laboratory (ANL). The safety issues of the Cu-Cl cycle are addressed in this thesis. An investigation of major accident scenarios shows that potential tragedies can be avoided with effective risk analysis and safety management programs. As a powerful and systematic tool, fault tree analysis (FTA) is adapted to the particular needs of the Cu-Cl system. This thesis develops a new method that combines FTA with a reliability analysis tool, multi-state system (MSS), to improve the accuracy of FTA and also improve system reliability. / UOIT

Pavements encompass a significant component of the total civil infrastructure investment. In Ontario, the Ministry of Transportation (MTO) is responsible for the maintenance and construction of approximately 39,000 lane-kilometres of highway. In 2004, the province estimated the value of the total highway system at $39 billion dollars. Thus, managing this asset is an important factor to ensure a high level of service to the traveling public. One of the most important indicators of level of service for a road network is safety. Each year, thousands of motorists across North America are involved in motor vehicle collisions, which result in property damage, congestion, delays, injuries and fatalities. The MTO estimated that in 2002, vehicle collisions in Ontario cost nearly $11 billion. Despite the importance of highway safety, it is usually not considered explicitly in the pavement management framework or maintenance analysis. A number of agencies across North America collect skid data to assess the level of safety at both the project and network level (Li et al, 2004). However, a number of transportation agencies still do not collect friction data as part of their regular pavement data collection programs. This is related to both liability concerns and lack of knowledge for how this data can be effectively used to improve safety. The transportation industry generally relies on information such as collision rates, black-spot locations and radius of curvature to evaluate the level of safety of an alignment (Lamm et al., 1999). These are important factors, but the use of complementary skid data in an organized proactive manner would also be beneficial. In preparation for a considered Long Term Area Maintenance Contract, a project was initiated by the MTO to collect network level friction data across three regions in the Province of Ontario. This project represents the first time friction data was collected at the network level in Ontario. In 2006, approximately 1,800 km of the MTO highway network was surveyed as a part of this study. This research utilized the network level skid data along with collision data to examine the relationships and model the impacts of skid resistance on the level of safety. Despite the value of collecting network level skid data, many Canadian transportation agencies still do not collect network level skid data due to the costs and potential liability associated with the collected data. The safety of highway networks are usually assessed using various levels of service indicators such as Wet-to-Dry accident ratio (W/D), surface friction (SN), or the collision rate (CR). This research focused on developing a framework for assessing the level of safety of a highway network in terms of the risk of collision based on pavement surface friction. The developed safety framework can be used by transportation agencies (federal, state, provincial, municipal, etc.) or the private sector to evaluate the safety of their highway networks and to determine the risk or probability of a collision occurring given the level of friction along the pavement section of interest. As a part of the analysis, a number of factors such as Region, Season of the Year, Environmental Conditions, Road Surface Condition, Collision Severity, Visibility and Roadway Location were all investigated. Statistical analysis and modeling were performed to developed relationships which could relate the total number of collisions or the collision rate (CR) to the level of available pavement friction on a highway section. These models were developed using over 1,200 collisions and skid test results from two Regions in the Province of Ontario. Another component of this study examined the Wet-to-Dry accident ratio and compared it to the Skid Number. A number of Transportation Agencies rely on the Wet-to-Dry accident ratio to identify potential locations with poor skid resistance. The results of the comparison further demonstrated the need and importance of collecting network level skid data. Another component of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of various preservation treatments used within the Long Term Pavement Performance (LTPP) study. In addition, modeling was performed which examined the historical friction trends over time within various environment zones across North America to investigate skid resistance deterioration trends. The results of the analysis demonstrated that commonly used preservation treatments can increase skid resistance and improve safety. The cost effectiveness of implementing preservation and maintenance to increase the level of safety of a highway using Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA) was evaluated. A Decision Making Framework was developed which included the formulation of a Decision Matrix that can be used to assist in selecting a preservation treatment for a given condition. The results of this analysis demonstrate the savings generated by reducing the number of collisions as a result of increasing skid resistance. The results of this research study have demonstrated the importance of network level friction testing and the impact of skid resistance on the level of safety of a highway. A review of the literature did not reveal any protocol or procedures for sampling or minimum test interval requirements for network level skid testing using a locked-wheel tester. Network level friction testing can be characterized as expensive and time-consuming due to the complexity of the test. As a result, any reduction in the required number of test points is a benefit to the transportation agency, private sector (consultants and contractors) and most importantly, the public. An analysis approach was developed and tested that can be used to minimize the number of required test locations along a highway segment using common statistical techniques.

Sammanfattning   Syftet med denna studie är att beskriva kommunala chefers uppfattningar om vilka faktorer som främjar systematiskt arbetsmiljöarbete (SAM). SAM är lagstadgat i Arbetsmiljölagen och är ett viktigt redskap för att skapa en god arbetsmiljö, ökad effektivitet och minskade kostnader. Stödet till chefer och organisationer i deras arbete med SAM är en viktig uppgift för företagssköterskor i företagshälsovården. Antonovskys (1987/1991) teori, känsla av sammanhang (KASAM) och i huvudsak det salutogena, hälsofrämjande synsättet ligger till grund för studien. Studien har en kvalitativt beskrivande design. Datainsamlingen har skett genom semistrukturerade intervjuer med sex enhetschefer från två svenska kommuner. Dessa har analyserats med innehållsanalys som metod. Cheferna företräder olika delar av den kommunala verksamheten. Alla har erfarenhet av systematiskt arbetsmiljöarbete och har personalansvar för fler än 15 anställda. Cheferna beskriver chefskapet, medarbetarskapet, god organisation, resurser och erfarenheter från tidigare arbetsmiljöarbete som främjande faktorer. Chefskapets ansvar är att skapa struktur i form av mål, rutiner och systematiska arbetssätt som årsplaneringar och handlingsplaner. Det ska även skapa systematiska sätt att inventera den fysiska och psykosociala arbetsmiljön genom skyddsronder och forum där medarbetarskap och chefskap kan mötas. Arbetsplatsträffar, medarbetarsamtal och fokusgrupper är exempel på detta. Organisationen kan verka främjande men är också den faktor som cheferna anger som en icke påverkbar faktor för SAM. De nämner ekonomiska och personalramar, organisationsstrukturer, omorganisationer och konkurrensutsättning. Ett identifierat och uppbyggt nätverk av stödjande resurser som företagshälsovård (FHV), human resources (HR) och kollegor är en främjande faktor. Alla faktorer är viktiga var för sig men enligt cheferna är det absolut viktigaste en dynamisk samverkan mellan chefskapet, medarbetarskapet, organisationens krav och övriga stödjande resurser samt begränsande faktorer. Detta blev temat för studien. / Abstract   This study aims to describe the municipal managers´ perceptions of the factors that promote systematic occupational health and safety management (SOHSM). SOHSM is part of the Work Environment Act and is an important tool to create a good working environment, to increased efficiency and reduced costs. The occupational health nurse has an important task to support managers and organizations in their work. Antonovsky's (1987/1991) theory, sense of coherence (SOC) and essentially the salutogenic, health promotional approach has been the basis of this study. The study seeks to ascertain the factors that unit managers within the municipality consider promote SOHSM. The study has a qualitative descriptive design. Data has been collected through semi-structured interviews with six managers from two Swedish municipalities. These interviews were analyzed using content analysis method. The managers represent different parts of the municipal operations. All have experience in SOHSM, and are responsible for more than 15 employees. The promoting factors described by the managers are leadership, employees’ engagement, supportive organization, resources and experience from previous SOHSM.  Leadership responsibility is to create a structure of goals, procedures, and a systematic approach to annual planning and action plans. It should also create a systematic way to survey the physical and psychosocial work environment through safety checks and forums where employees and managers can meet. Workplace meetings, performance reviews and focus groups are examples of this. The organization may act promotional but can also be a non-responsive factor for SOHSM, according to the managers. They mention financial and human resources frameworks, organizational structures, reorganisations and competition. An identified and structured network of supportive resources such as occupational health, human resources (HR) and colleagues is a promoting factor. All factors are important themselves according to the managers, but most important is a dynamic interaction between the leadership, the employees’ engagement, organization requirements and other supportive resources and limiting factors. This became the theme of the study.

The purpose of this thesis is to examine the hazard identification, risk assessment and related determining controls aspects of occupational health and safety topic, within the framework of a safety management system, for the construction industry. To achieve this purpose, a literature survey is carried out with specific emphasis on the standards, guidelines, codes of practices and other documents published by authorized institutions and national legislation related with the subject. The Marmaray Project, which is considered as one of the major transportation infrastructure projects in Turkey, is chosen as the case study area. In the Marmaray Project, the case study is carried out at &Uuml / sk&uuml / dar Underground Station Construction Site as an example for the cut and coverunderground station construction and at Yedikule Tunnel Construction Site for the tunnel construction and achieved results are assessed within the context of this thesis.

Pavements encompass a significant component of the total civil infrastructure investment. In Ontario, the Ministry of Transportation (MTO) is responsible for the maintenance and construction of approximately 39,000 lane-kilometres of highway. In 2004, the province estimated the value of the total highway system at $39 billion dollars. Thus, managing this asset is an important factor to ensure a high level of service to the traveling public. One of the most important indicators of level of service for a road network is safety. Each year, thousands of motorists across North America are involved in motor vehicle collisions, which result in property damage, congestion, delays, injuries and fatalities. The MTO estimated that in 2002, vehicle collisions in Ontario cost nearly $11 billion. Despite the importance of highway safety, it is usually not considered explicitly in the pavement management framework or maintenance analysis. A number of agencies across North America collect skid data to assess the level of safety at both the project and network level (Li et al, 2004). However, a number of transportation agencies still do not collect friction data as part of their regular pavement data collection programs. This is related to both liability concerns and lack of knowledge for how this data can be effectively used to improve safety. The transportation industry generally relies on information such as collision rates, black-spot locations and radius of curvature to evaluate the level of safety of an alignment (Lamm et al., 1999). These are important factors, but the use of complementary skid data in an organized proactive manner would also be beneficial. In preparation for a considered Long Term Area Maintenance Contract, a project was initiated by the MTO to collect network level friction data across three regions in the Province of Ontario. This project represents the first time friction data was collected at the network level in Ontario. In 2006, approximately 1,800 km of the MTO highway network was surveyed as a part of this study. This research utilized the network level skid data along with collision data to examine the relationships and model the impacts of skid resistance on the level of safety. Despite the value of collecting network level skid data, many Canadian transportation agencies still do not collect network level skid data due to the costs and potential liability associated with the collected data. The safety of highway networks are usually assessed using various levels of service indicators such as Wet-to-Dry accident ratio (W/D), surface friction (SN), or the collision rate (CR). This research focused on developing a framework for assessing the level of safety of a highway network in terms of the risk of collision based on pavement surface friction. The developed safety framework can be used by transportation agencies (federal, state, provincial, municipal, etc.) or the private sector to evaluate the safety of their highway networks and to determine the risk or probability of a collision occurring given the level of friction along the pavement section of interest. As a part of the analysis, a number of factors such as Region, Season of the Year, Environmental Conditions, Road Surface Condition, Collision Severity, Visibility and Roadway Location were all investigated. Statistical analysis and modeling were performed to developed relationships which could relate the total number of collisions or the collision rate (CR) to the level of available pavement friction on a highway section. These models were developed using over 1,200 collisions and skid test results from two Regions in the Province of Ontario. Another component of this study examined the Wet-to-Dry accident ratio and compared it to the Skid Number. A number of Transportation Agencies rely on the Wet-to-Dry accident ratio to identify potential locations with poor skid resistance. The results of the comparison further demonstrated the need and importance of collecting network level skid data. Another component of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of various preservation treatments used within the Long Term Pavement Performance (LTPP) study. In addition, modeling was performed which examined the historical friction trends over time within various environment zones across North America to investigate skid resistance deterioration trends. The results of the analysis demonstrated that commonly used preservation treatments can increase skid resistance and improve safety. The cost effectiveness of implementing preservation and maintenance to increase the level of safety of a highway using Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA) was evaluated. A Decision Making Framework was developed which included the formulation of a Decision Matrix that can be used to assist in selecting a preservation treatment for a given condition. The results of this analysis demonstrate the savings generated by reducing the number of collisions as a result of increasing skid resistance. The results of this research study have demonstrated the importance of network level friction testing and the impact of skid resistance on the level of safety of a highway. A review of the literature did not reveal any protocol or procedures for sampling or minimum test interval requirements for network level skid testing using a locked-wheel tester. Network level friction testing can be characterized as expensive and time-consuming due to the complexity of the test. As a result, any reduction in the required number of test points is a benefit to the transportation agency, private sector (consultants and contractors) and most importantly, the public. An analysis approach was developed and tested that can be used to minimize the number of required test locations along a highway segment using common statistical techniques.