El presente trabajo de investigación tiene como propósito determinar y analizar los factores que influyeron en las exportaciones peruanas de alimentos para animales de la industria acuícola con destino a Ecuador dentro del marco de la CAN entre los años 2010 al 2019. Para establecer ello, se ha determinado la selección de tres variables a estudiar con el fin de procurar responder si las normas de origen, la creación de comercio y las medidas sanitarias y fitosanitarias, todas ligadas a la relación entre Perú y la Comunidad Andina en términos comerciales sobresaliendo las preferencias arancelarias del producto elegido en dirección a Ecuador y los protocolos sanitarios aplicados, han estimulado un mayor intercambio comercial entre los dos países en los periodos considerados anteriormente. Del mismo modo, también se ha precisado la evaluación de organizaciones involucradas que afectan el nivel y el desarrollo de las exportaciones peruanas con destino a Ecuador. Para la presente investigación, la información recopilada se obtuvo de distintas fuentes como SUNAT, SIICEX y Trademap que posibilitaron el acceso a las estadísticas de exportaciones de la partida mostrando, de igual manera, a las empresas que las componen con sus respectivos registros. Sumado a ello, a través de distintas entrevistas con los actores primordiales implicados se logró obtener mayor información, conocimiento y apreciación en relación a los factores propuestos en esta investigación. En virtud de lo cual, todos los datos recolectados se analizarán bajo el Software SPSS Statistics v. 25 y Atlas.ti 8. / The purpose of this research work is to determine and analyze the factors that influenced Peruvian exports of animal feed from the aquaculture industry to Ecuador within the framework of the CAN between the years 2010 to 2019. To establish this, the selection of three variables to study has been determined in order to try to answer whether the rules of origin, the creation of trade and sanitary and phytosanitary measures, all linked to the relationship between Peru and the Andean Community in trade terms, highlighting the tariff preferences of the chosen product to Ecuador and the certifications obtained, have stimulated greater trade between the two countries in the periods considered above. In the same way, the evaluation of organizations involved that affect the level and development of Peruvian exports to Ecuador has also been specified. For the present investigation, the information collected was obtained from different sources such as SUNAT, SIICEX and Trademap, which made it possible to access the tariff heading's export statistics showing, in the same way, the companies that compose them with their respective records. Added to that, through different interviews with the main actors involved, it was possible to obtain more information, knowledge and appreciation in relation to the factors proposed in this research. By virtue of it, all the collected data will be analyzed under the SPSS Statistics v. 25 and Atlas.ti 8 Software. / Tesis

El presente trabajo de investigación tiene como objetivo analizar los factores internos y externos e identificar su nivel de influencia en el incremento de las exportaciones de la partida arancelara 0306.1711.00, en el marco del Tratado de Libre Comercio entre la Republica del Perú y la República de Corea en los años 2011-2019. Para explicar a mayor detalle el crecimiento de las exportaciones de langostino peruano, se identificaron como factores internos las certificaciones y medidas sanitarias y fitosanitarias. Mientras que los factores externos analizados fueron las variables macroeconómicas, la desgravación arancelaria y los fenómenos climatológicos. Con el fin de lograr los objetivos de la investigación se recabo información relevante a través de fuentes secundaria tales como Scopus, FAO, la OMC, entre otras instituciones publicado-privadas dedicadas a la investigación. Asimismo, como fuentes primarias se realizaron una serie de entrevistas con expertos de SANIPES, la Sociedad Nacional de Acuicultura, de la Oficina Comercial de Perú en Seúl, académicos y empresas en el rubro. Finalmente, en el último capítulo se presentará el factor que tuvo mayor impacto para proceder a analizar el cumplimiento de los objetivos de la investigación y validar las hipótesis. / The purpose of this research is to analyze internal and external factors and identify their level of influence on the increase in exports of tariff heading 0306.1711.00, within the framework of the Free Trade Agreement between the Republic of Peru and the Republic of Korea in the years 2011-2019. To explain in more detail the growth of Peruvian shrimp exports, certifications, sanitary and phytosanitary measures were identified as internal factors. While the external factors analyzed were macroeconomic variables, tariff relief and climatological phenomena. In order to achieve the research objectives, relevant information was collected through secondary sources such as Scopus, FAO, the WTO, among other institutions. published-private dedicated to research. Likewise, as primary sources, a series of interviews were conducted with experts from SANIPES, the National Aquaculture Society, the Commercial Office of Peru in Seoul, academics, and companies in the field. Finally, in the last chapter, the factor that had greater impact to proceed to analyze the accomplishment of the research objectives and validate the hypotheses. / Tesis

The task of this diploma thesis is to prepare the design of sanitary and gas pipeline installations in the assigned hospital building. The building has one underground and four above-ground floors. On the underground floor there are technical premises including a boiler room, hygienic facilities of staff and rooms for storage and cleaning. On the first floor there are ambulances of various kinds. Patient rooms are located over the second and third floors. Each room has its own built-in bathroom. There are also doctor's examination rooms and daily room of staff. On the fourth floor there is an ICU. In the theoretical part I deal with the legionella bacterium. I explain what causes this bacterium, what are the conditions for its reproduction, where it occurs and what measures will prevent its multiplication in water pipes. In the next part, I compare two possible variants of the solution of the design of water pipe routes with the subsequent selection of a more suitable option. The calculation part contains all the calculations used to design sewerage, water supply and gas pipeline, including their connection to utilities.

The needs of the free trade regime and governments' legitimate regulatory aims in the area of public health protection conflict. Government health measures create barriers to free trade and are thus disciplined by the trade regime. This conflict is addressed in the rules of the World Trade Organization, in the Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures. This Agreement uses science to mediate the conflict. The reason for the reliance on science is the view that it provides a neutral, universally-valid discipline and that thus the results of testing health measures for scientific validity would be acceptable to both parties in a dispute. This uncritical approach towards science is called into question. An analysis of the relevant science-based disciplines of the SPS Agreement and their interpretation in WTO dispute settlement shows the flaws in this system. A re-evaluation of the WTO rules governing health regulation is called for. / Law / LL.M.

À l’ère du militantisme digital, il est fréquent d’apercevoir des militants se placer en tant que porte parole sur différents champs de bataille au fil du temps. Dans ce contexte, la légitimité de leurs prises de position est questionnée par le tribunal médiatique. Là où certains dénoncent un opportunisme politique, nous avançons la thèse selon laquelle une multitude d’éléments peuvent motiver les changements de champs d’action militants visibles. C’est pourquoi la recherche présentée vise à mettre en lumière les processus influençant les transitions d’engagements militants au travers des mouvements sociaux protestataires. Pour ce faire, des entretiens semi-directifs ont été menés auprès de 8 militants alors actifs au sein de la mouvance opposée aux mesures sanitaires. Dans cette démarche, le récit des participants et un calendrier de vie ont été combinés dans un protocole d’enquête narrative biographique. Finalement, les données d'entretiens collectées ont été analysées à l'aide d'une méthode de théorisation ancrée s'appuyant sur un cadre théorique mobilisant la perspective du parcours de vie. Cette méthode a permis de montrer que les expériences influençant les trajectoires militantes diffèrent selon les modalités de transitions ; c’est-à-dire selon si elle s’effectue entre des groupes contestataires au sein d’un même mouvement, ou entre des mouvements défendant des causes différentes. Les résultats ont montré que les transitions d’engagements entre groupes contestataires peuvent être influencées par des insatisfactions liées aux stratégies d’actions ; alors que les transitions d’engagement actif entre deux mouvements protestataires peuvent être expliquées, soit (a) par un cumul d’engagement survenu suite à l’apparition d’un événement imprévu induisant une priorité d’action, soit (b) par une stratégie visant à faire perdurer les rétributions de la carrière militante au moment du déclin du mouvement alors investi. Par ailleurs, ce projet de recherche contribue plus généralement à expliquer les expériences ayant motivé des transitions d’engagements militants selon les propos des acteurs de cet objet d’études, dont 5 leaders du mouvement opposé aux mesures sanitaires. / In the age of digital activism, it's common to see activists positioning themselves as spokespersons on different battlefields over time. In this context, the legitimacy of their positions is questioned by the media tribunal. Where some denounce political opportunism, we put forward the thesis that a multitude of elements can motivate visible changes in activist fields of action. For this reason, the research presented here aims to shed light on the processes influencing transitions in activist commitment through social protest movements. To this end, semi-directive interviews were conducted with 8 activists then active within the movement opposed to health measures. In this approach, the participants' narratives and a life calendar were combined in a biographical narrative survey protocol. Finally, the interview data collected were analyzed using a grounded theorizing method based on a theoretical framework mobilizing the life-course perspective. This method enabled us to show that the course influencing militant trajectories differs according to the modalities of transitions, i.e. whether they take place between protest groups within the same movement, or between movements defending different causes. The results show that transitions of commitment between protest groups can be influenced by dissatisfaction with action strategies ; whereas transitions of active commitment between two protest movements can be explained either (a) by an accumulation of commitment following the appearance of an unforeseen event inducing a priority for action, or (b) by a strategy aimed at maintaining the rewards of the activist career at the time of the decline of the movement then invested. In addition, this research project contributes more generally to explaining the experiences that motivated militant transitions in activist commitments according to the words of the actors in this object of study, including 5 leaders of the movement opposed to health measures.

[pt] Os usuários finais de Estabelecimentos Assistenciais de Saúde (EAS) - os pacientes e seus acompanhantes - são, muitas vezes, invisibilizados na arquitetura em saúde. Há, assim, uma distância entre o trabalho do arquiteto e esses usuários, distância que aumenta ou diminui conforme a atuação do profissional. Por meio do método dialético, ou método de Marx, esta pesquisa busca entender e reconstruir a estrutura e a dinâmica dessa distância, analisando as relações que a compõem. A distância é, logo, tanto o ponto de partida quanto o objeto deste estudo. Os componentes da distância, apurados nesta pesquisa e perpassados pela aceitação de Risco como probabilidade de ocorrência de um evento danoso, são: (1) a relação entre arquiteto e contratante; (2) a relação entre Arquitetura e Saúde; (3) a relação entre Arquitetura e Engenharia em Saúde; (4) a relação entre o arquiteto e a Vigilância Sanitária; (5) a relação entre Arquitetura e gerenciamento de manutenção em EAS; e (6) a relação entre Arquitetura e o conceito de humanização dos ambientes em Saúde. Esses componentes nortearam a reconstrução teórica do movimento da distância por meio de análise de entrevistas feitas com profissionais de Arquitetura em Saúde atuantes no mercado privado e na Vigilância Sanitária, bem como por meio de breves considerações sobre a consulta pública que visou substituir a legislação mais importante desse campo de atuação, a RDC 50/2002 da ANVISA. O resultado desta pesquisa aponta caminhos para o aprofundamento teórico e a sistematização do processo de aproximação entre o trabalho na arquitetura em saúde e os usuários finais de EAS. / [en] End users of Healthcare Facilities (HF) - patients and their companions - are often made invisible in healthcare architecture. Thus, there is a distance between the architect s work and these users, a distance that increases or decreases according to the professional s performance. Through the dialectical method, or Marx s method, this research seeks to understand and reconstruct the structure and dynamics of this distance, analyzing the relationships that compose it. The distance is, therefore, both the starting point and the object of this study. The components of the distance, deepened in this research and crossed by the notion of Risk as the probability of the occurrence of a harmful event, are: (1) the relationship between architect and contractor; (2) the relationship between Architecture and Healthcare; (3) the relationship between Architecture and Healthcare Engineering; (4) the relationship between the architect and the state Sanitary Surveillance; (5) the relationship between Architecture and maintenance management in HF; and (6) the relationship between architecture and the concept of humanizing healthcare environments. These components guided the theoretical reconstruction of the distance movement through the analysis of interviews with Healthcare Architecture professionals who work in the private market and in Sanitary Surveillance, as well as brief considerations about the public consultation that aimed to replace the most important legislation of this field, the RDC 50/2002 of ANVISA. The result of this research points out ways for the theoretical deepening and systematization of the approximation process between work in Healthcare Architecture and the end users of HF.

[ES] La Ley de Prevención de Riesgos Laborales de 8 de noviembre de 1995 (LPRL), en vigor desde el 10 de febrero de 1996, establece en su artículo 5: "tendrá por objeto la promoción de la mejora de las condiciones de trabajo dirigida a elevar el nivel de protección de la seguridad y la salud de los trabajadores en el trabajo." En esta Tesis se ha investigado la evolución de los índices de siniestralidad laboral y su relación con la evolución de diferentes variables explicativas relacionadas con el desarrollo normativo, el mercado de trabajo, la estructura productiva, las condiciones de empleo y las condiciones individuales, entre otras, para el caso de España y en el periodo 1995-2017, que abarca desde la promulgación de la LPRL hasta fechas recientes donde se disponía de los datos históricos necesarios. La investigación se ha centrado en los índices de salud más relevantes según su significado en términos de riesgo y/o sus componentes. El objetivo de la investigación ha sido el encontrar evidencias sobre relaciones causa-efecto entre índices y variables, a partir de las cuales extraer lecciones que facilitarán una mejor planificación de la acción preventiva. Para ello, se han propuesto varios modelos explicativos utilizando diferentes herramientas estadísticas, que han permitido formular de manera explícita y analizar la relación entre la evolución de los indicadores de salud ocupacional y la evolución de las principales variables explicativas. En términos generales puede concluirse que la implantación de dicha ley y normativa que la acompaña ha tenido un impacto positivo en las condiciones de trabajo y en consecuencia sobre el nivel de seguridad y salud de los trabajadores desde entonces y hasta la fecha. Sin embargo, se observan diferentes comportamientos cíclicos en la evolución de los indicadores, tales como los índices de incidencia, frecuencia y gravedad, que pone de manifiesto su dependencia de la naturaleza y comportamiento cíclico de algunas de las variables explicativas más importantes relacionadas con ciclos económicos, mercado de trabajo, estructura productiva, etc. Además, se observa como aspectos tales como la pertenencia a grupos de edad jóvenes o expertos, el nivel de estudios, determinadas categorías profesionales, y algunos sectores particulares tienen efectos significativos sobre los valores alcanzados por los índices de siniestralidad. En cambio, otros, como el trabajo a tiempo parcial o la contratación temporal no manifiestan tener tanta repercusión sobre los indicadores. / [CA] Partint de les dades corresponents als accidents ocorreguts en el període 1995-2017, es La Llei de Prevenció de Riscos Laborals de 8 de novembre de 1995 (*LPRL), en vigor des del 10 de febrer de 1996, estableix en el seu article 5: "tindrà per objecte la promoció de la millora de les condicions de treball dirigida a elevar el nivell de protecció de la seguretat i la salut dels treballadors en el treball." En aquesta Tesi s'ha investigat l'evolució dels índexs de sinistralitat laboral i la seua relació amb l'evolució de diferents variables explicatives relacionades amb el desenvolupament normatiu, el mercat de treball, l'estructura productiva, les condicions d'ocupació i les condicions individuals, entre altres, per al cas d'Espanya i en el període 1995-2017, que abasta des de la promulgació de la LPRL fins a dates recents on es disposava de les dades històriques necessàries. La investigació s'ha centrat en els índexs de salut més rellevants segons el seu significat en termes de risc i/o els seus components. L'objectiu de la investigació ha sigut el trobar evidències sobre relacions causa-efecte entre índexs i variables, a partir de les quals extraure lliçons que facilitaran una millor planificació de l'acció preventiva. Per a això, s'han proposat diversos models explicatius utilitzant diferents eines estadístiques, que han permés formular de manera explícita i analitzar la relació entre l'evolució dels indicadors de salut ocupacional i l'evolució de les principals variables explicatives. En termes generals pot concloure's que la implantació d'aquesta llei i normativa que l'acompanya ha tingut un impacte positiu en les condicions de treball i en conseqüència sobre el nivell de seguretat i salut dels treballadors des de llavors i fins hui. No obstant això, s'observen diferents comportaments cíclics en l'evolució dels indicadors, com ara els índexs d'incidència, freqüència i gravetat, que posa de manifest la seua dependència de la naturalesa i comportament cíclic d'algunes de les variables explicatives més importants relacionades amb cicles econòmics, mercat de treball, estructura productiva, etc. A més, s'observa com a aspectes com ara la pertinença a grups d'edat joves o experts, el nivell d'estudis, determinades categories professionals, i alguns sectors particulars tenen efectes significatius sobre els valors aconseguits pels índexs de sinistralitat. En canvi, uns altres, com el treball a temps parcial o la contractació temporal no manifesten tindre tanta repercussió sobre els indicadors. / [EN] The Occupational Risk Prevention Act of November 8, 1995 (ORPA), in force since February 10, 1996, establishes in its article 5: "will have as its objective the promotion of the improvement of working conditions aimed at raise the level of protection of the safety and health of workers at work. " This thesis has investigated the evolution of the occupational accident rates and their relationship with the evolution of different explanatory variables related to regulatory development, the labor market, the productive structure, employment conditions and individual conditions, among others, in the case of Spain and in the period 1995-2017, which ranges from the enactment of the LPRL to recent dates where the necessary historical data was available. Research has focused on the most relevant health indices according to their meaning in terms of risk and / or their components. The objective of the research has been to find evidence on cause-effect relationships between indices and variables, from which to extract lessons that will facilitate better planning of preventive action. To this end, several explanatory models have been proposed using different statistical tools, which have made it possible to explicitly formulate and analyze the relationship between the evolution of occupational health indicators and the evolution of the main explanatory variables. In general terms, it can be concluded that the implementation of said law and accompanying regulations has had a positive impact on working conditions and consequently on the level of health and safety of workers since then and to date. However, different cyclical behaviors are observed in the evolution of the indicators, such as incidence, frequency and severity indices, which highlights their dependence on the nature and cyclical behavior of some of the most important explanatory variables related to economic cycles, labor market, productive structure, etc. Furthermore, aspects such as belonging to young age groups or experts, educational level, certain professional categories, and some particular sectors are observed as having significant effects on the values reached by the accident rates. On the other hand, others, such as part-time work or temporary hiring, do not claim to have such an impact on the indicators. / Gallego Blasco, VS. (2021). Análisis de la incidencia de factores causales en la evolución de la siniestralidad laboral en España [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/168774

Integrated management of municipal and hazardous waste is one of the challenges facing the new municipalities in South Africa, especially those located in previously disadvantaged rural areas. However, much of the research on solid and hazardous waste management in South Africa has examined waste management problematics in urban areas, the majority of which are located within the jurisdiction of local governments which are comparatively effective in terms of providing adequate disposal services. By contrast, this study has examined the environmental risk assessment associated with unregulated landfill sites in the Albert Luthuli municipality, in the Mpumalanga province. The determination of the environmental risk was achieved by the use of questionnaire surveys and landfill analysis forms in selected study areas. The findings have highlighted a very high environmental risk, nearly four times and above, the threshold limits set by the Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism (DEAT, 2005:15) for all of the landfill sites examined. Several exposure pathways stemming from associated environmental impacts have also been identified for the study. The higher environmental risk determined for the problem sites is ascribed to numerous factors, including their ill-planned location, the sensitivity and vulnerability of the natural environment and adjacent rural settlements, the lack of appropriate waste pre-treatment processes prior to disposal, and most significantly, the lack of regulatory and control measures to contain the myriad of environmental problems generated. In conclusion, it is recommended that several measures (including closure) should be taken in order to reduce and contain the magnitude of environmental risks involved. / Environmental Sciences / M.Sc.(Environmental Sciences)

Integrated management of municipal and hazardous waste is one of the challenges facing the new municipalities in South Africa, especially those located in previously disadvantaged rural areas. However, much of the research on solid and hazardous waste management in South Africa has examined waste management problematics in urban areas, the majority of which are located within the jurisdiction of local governments which are comparatively effective in terms of providing adequate disposal services. By contrast, this study has examined the environmental risk assessment associated with unregulated landfill sites in the Albert Luthuli municipality, in the Mpumalanga province. The determination of the environmental risk was achieved by the use of questionnaire surveys and landfill analysis forms in selected study areas. The findings have highlighted a very high environmental risk, nearly four times and above, the threshold limits set by the Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism (DEAT, 2005:15) for all of the landfill sites examined. Several exposure pathways stemming from associated environmental impacts have also been identified for the study. The higher environmental risk determined for the problem sites is ascribed to numerous factors, including their ill-planned location, the sensitivity and vulnerability of the natural environment and adjacent rural settlements, the lack of appropriate waste pre-treatment processes prior to disposal, and most significantly, the lack of regulatory and control measures to contain the myriad of environmental problems generated. In conclusion, it is recommended that several measures (including closure) should be taken in order to reduce and contain the magnitude of environmental risks involved. / Environmental Sciences / M.Sc.(Environmental Sciences)

The project solves a multifunctional Duma building in a vacant lot, contemplated the construction site is located in Carlsbad, in the street Vyhlíce. This is a protected site spa. Part of the project's layout and structural design of the house. It is a six-storey house with an attic and a basement floor. It is designed as a free-standing in the gap as the final house. The layout is divided into two complete units with their own input. There are spaces for business and residential units for permanent housing. Part of the living area are also room house equipment. Inputs to both parts are wheelchair accessible. The house is not wheelchair The house is designed as a brick building of brick masonry Porotherm the module dimensions of 250 (125) mm with reinforced concrete ceilings. Roofed by a hipped roof. The house is located on a private plot of 519 m2 built-up area of 221 m2. The land is gently sloping. The main orientation of the building to the cardinal's east and west. The south wall is adjacent to the neighboring house.