The Libyan media has dramatically changed in recent years. This has been most prominently manifest in the introduction of new satellite television news services. This thesis was designed to investigate two elements – patterns of news media consumption and news credibility in Libya. It examined the patterns of major local and international TV news services operating across different media, broadcast and print, and associations between Libyan students’ consumption of different news media platforms. In this context, it investigated the news consumption habits of young people, with special attention paid to their consumption of pan-Arab news services broadcast via satellite television. It looked at the perception of gratifications students obtained from these news services. It also reported findings on students’ perceptions of the credibility of two local, Al Jamahiriya and Al Libiya TV, and two pan-Arab TV news services, Al Jazeera and Al Arabiya. In order to address the thesis research questions, a survey was administered to a sample of 400 undergraduate students at Al-Fateh University using a stratified random sampling approach, with the sampling strata set by demographic variables. The study found that the new TV news services played an important role in attracting young Libyans with information they desire. The spread of new news media sources (television, radio and print) in Libya has created a new type of customer that transcends national boundaries. Statistical analyses indicated that there are distinct news consumption demographic differences defined in part by news platform (TV versus radio versus print) and in part by the type of news provider (local versus non-local TV news services). The findings were discussed in relation to the growing impact of international satellite broadcast news services and the need for local TV news services to find methods of making themselves distinctive in a way that provides an alternative but still relevant and valued news sources. With regard to news credibility, in general Al Jazeera and Al Arabiya were given higher credibility scores than Al Jamahiriya and Al Libiya news services. Higher credibility ratings, however, were significantly correlated with an increased likelihood of reported watching of both local TV news services, but only one of the pan-Arab TV news services (Al Jazeera).

No description available.

本篇論文主要目的在於探討宗教類非營利組織網路衛星頻道的功能，並以泰國法身寺《夢中夢》節目為個案，以資作為提升道德倫理教育及解決各國社會問題的參考。本文的研究問題分為兩者：一者是《夢中夢》節目有什麼樣的製作原則與方法？；二者是《夢中夢》節目如何把節目的影響力擴大到泰國社會去？ 本文採用參與觀察法 (participant observation)，筆者親身參與製作《夢中夢》節目，成為法身寺的工作人員(staff)，負責不同的工作項目。從西元2002年3月1日至西元2004年8月31日，共花了兩年五個月的時間來參與觀察《夢中夢》節目，從開始發展節目的階段到節目穩定的階段，才把自己所見所聞的資料作一番整理分析。本篇論文也盡量不採用佛教術語，希望能為一般讀者所接受，並能容易明瞭其內容。研究中發現： 一、《夢中夢》節目有什麼樣的製作原則與方法？ (一) 節目內容：《夢中夢》節目的內容符合了製作節目的五大原則：有明確的目標、創新、關連性、掌握時代潮流和訴求廣度。除此之外每一個原則中，也有自己的特點 。 (二) 製作管理：《夢中夢》節目的製作管理符合了製作節目的五大原則：給予節目人員參與節目的政策決定、符合觀眾的作息時間、固定的帶狀時間、連接安排吸引觀眾的節目、節目存量足以播出 。 二、《夢中夢》節目如何把節目的影響力擴大到泰國社會去？ (一) 節目的廣告活動：除了利用雜誌、宣傳單、海報和高速公路旁邊的大看板和網路作為廣告的工具，還請志工介紹親朋好友看《夢中夢》節目 。 (二) 節目的公關活動： 《夢中夢》節目推廣一些活動除了達到公關的效果：建立節目的形象和增加知名度之外，也能把節目的影響力擴大到社會去。 (三) 節目的促銷活動：利用研討會作為促銷活動，並設有促銷時段 。 本篇論文建議法身寺： 一、節目內容方面 (一) 明確的目標：把製作節目的原則和方法列印成《製作節目的手冊》。 (二) 創新：不斷地學習新科技，同時請實務界的科技顧問。 (三) 關連性：請願意公開姓名的個案主人來跟主持人作訪談，加強關連性的學習功能。 (四) 掌握時代潮流：成立「乾淨媒體社團」把這種新時代的潮流擴大影響到全國大眾媒體。 (五) 訴求廣度：成立「夢中夢節目觀眾的社團」讓新觀眾更感覺到節目對他和志工沒有差別的待遇。 二、製作管理方面 (一) 節目人員參與政策的決定：請實務界的廣電人士當作節目的顧問。 (二) 符合觀眾的作息時間和固定的帶狀時間：建議法身寺成立海外的轉播站。 (三) 連接安排吸引觀眾的節目：每個月應有創新的單元 (四) 節目存量足以播出：增加「佛教藝術團」專門畫畫的工作人員。 三、節目的廣告活動方面：增加網路廣告的數量與功能。 四、節目的促銷活動方面：建議法身寺灌輸新的觀念給志工：介紹節目即是法布施，如送一本好看的書給朋友看一樣。若推廣節目的情況還未提升應再研發新的管道來推廣節目，不要跟募款的管道重複。 最後，筆者認為《夢中夢》節目的特點是：一、給予“乾淨媒體”的定義，即是節目的六大原則；二、廣播節目激勵網路世界裡的善人能躍進到現實世界來顯示英雄的本質；三、推廣活動幫助現實世界的善人建起「善人關係網」；四、節目的內容不在於宣揚法身寺的名聲而在於提高全國僧團的地位，鼓勵觀眾每逢佛日(大約每七天)到家附近的寺院去護持僧團，使全國寺院團結牽手向前走、同心協力發展佛教事業。

Cette étude traite du rôle de la télévision satellitaire dans l’éducation culturelle comme espace de l’éducation informelle en Syrie. Notre analyse a porté sur les contenus culturels diffusés pendant une semaine sur quatre chaînes des plus regardées (Al-jazeera, Al-manar, LBC, et la chaîne satellitaire de la Télévision Arabe Syrienne) par le téléspectateur syrien. La méthodologie adoptée est celle de l’analyse de contenu permettant, en prenant en compte le contexte culturel et politico-médiatique syrien, de cerner l’orientation éditoriale et la politique de chaque chaîne en matière de l’éducation culturelle. L’analyse d’un ensemble d’émissions télévisuelles éducatives-culturelles classées en deux catégories : directe et semi-directe, a permis de distinguer et de comparer quatre cultures différentes présentant en majorité des dimensions religieuse, politique, patriotique et sociale. Ce travail consacré à l’analyse des contenus culturels véhiculés par la télévision satellitaire regardée en Syrie, pourrait à ce jour refléter l’éducation culturelle telle qu’elle est relatée dans une sphère médiatique arabe en pleine mutation où plusieurs cultures se concurrencent et tentent de s’imposer. / This study treats the role of satellite television in cultural education as an area of informal space of education in Syria. Our analysis focused on the cultural content broadcast for a week on four of the most watched channels (Al-Jazeera, Al-Manar, LBC, and the satellite channel of the Syrian Arab Television) by the viewer Syria. The methodology adopted is that of content analysis allows taking into account the cultural and political and media Syrian identify the orientation and editorial policy of each chain in cultural education. The analysis of a set of educational and cultural television programs fall into two categories: direct and semi-direct, has to distinguish and compare four different cultures with the majority of religious, political, social and patriotic dimensions. This work is devoted to the analysis of cultural contents conveyed by satellite television watched in Syria at this time could reflect cultural education as related in an Arab media sphere changing where many cultures and try to compete required.

Dans ce travail, notre intérêt s'est porté sur la télévision satellitaire dans le monde arabe. Le champ médiatique arabe a connu d'importantes transformations notamment en ce qui concerne la télévision avec l'apparition de chaînes de télévision satellitaires.A fin de saisir les articulations qui existent entre la télévision satellitaire, et publique nous utilisons la méthode descriptive analytique, associée à une technique interprétative comparative qui nous permettra de comprendre et d'interpréter les résultats issus de l'analyse des contenus médiatiques émis par les quatre chaînes concernées dans ce travail. Cette méthode d'enquête par entretiens permettra une plus grande visibilité et une meilleure compréhension des représentations politiques que construisent les médias à travers les discours des médiateurs dans les domaines étudiés.Cette méthode d'enquête par entretiens permettra une plus grande visibilité et une meilleure compréhension des représentations politiques que construisent les médias à travers les discours des médiateurs dans les domaines étudiés. / In this work, our interest is focused on satellite television as a tool for information and communication in the Arab world. The Arab media landscape has undergone major transformations in particular with regard to television with the advent of satellite TV channels. Our approach is multidisciplinary rather with references within rather information science and communication, and political science. The articulation of concepts within these two disciplines is needed to address the issue of this work regarding the role of satellite television in the creation of a public space in the Arab world.We use the analytical descriptive method, combined with a comparative interpretative technique that will allow us to understand and interpret the results from the analysis of media content delivered by the four chains involved in this work.This method of survey interviews allow greater visibility and a better understanding of political representations constructed by the media through speech mediators in the areas studied.

數位科技的快速興起與發展，對傳統電視之價值鏈造成相當大的衝擊，促使整個電視產業的再造，重塑產業的競爭模式。日本政府由總務省精密規劃與強力主導之下積極推動廣播電視的數位化，早已1996年透過衛星電視開播日本首例之數位電視平台狹帶域CS，其進程快於台灣。 本研究期望藉由日本發展數位電視之經驗為借鏡，尋找出台灣未來數位電視之發展方向為前提，利用Porter之國家競爭優勢的鑽石模型理論，試圖從台日之發展現況比較分析台灣和日本兩國數位電視產業之競爭優勢，並嘗試針對台灣數位電視之平台發展方向、廣電法修訂方向及營運發展方向之三點，導出未來發展之分析建議，供以參考。 本研究對台灣數位電視發展方向之建議為如下： 一、 台灣政府可參考日本政府推動數位電視的方式加強積極度 二、 台灣應儘早建立「國家通信傳播委員會（NCC）」 三、 台灣可發展衛星電視，作為專門負責提供數位電視頻道之頭端 四、 本研究所提之數位電視播放的平台機制架構，可咨台灣數位電視未來發展參考 五、 台灣發展新衛星電視平台時，應參考日本之經驗，導入製播分離制度 六、 台灣應儘早建立數位電視之付費機制 關鍵字：數位電視、數位衛星電視、數位有線電視、數位廣播、鑽石模型 / The rapid rise and development of digital technologies have caused a major impact on the traditional television's value chain. The impact will compel the whole television industry to restructure and reconfigure their competition model. Through the careful planning and strong initiatives of its Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), the Japanese government has been aggressively pushing for digital television broadcasting. Japan’s first digital TV platform, "narrow band area Communication Satellite (CS)," was already in service by 1996. Thus, progress in converting to digital television was quicker in Japan compared to Taiwan. The premise of this research uses the Japanese development experience in digital TV as a reference point for the development direction for the future of digital TV in Taiwan. The research tries to apply Porter's diamond model to analyze the competitive advantages of the digital TV industries in Taiwan and Japan based on current development conditions. From the comparison of the competitive advantages, the research derives analytical suggestions for the future development of digital TV in Taiwan focused on the following three points: 1. Development direction of Taiwanese digital TV platforms. 2. Revision direction of Taiwanese Broadcasting and Television Law. 3. Development direction of Taiwanese digital TV operations. The suggestions for the development direction of digital TV in Taiwan are as follows: 1. The Taiwanese government can consult the initiatives taken by the Japanese government in aggressively promoting digital TV. 2. Taiwan should create a National Communications Commission (NCC) as early as possible. 3. Taiwan can develop the satellite television; specifically as a site for providing digital TV channels. 4. Taiwan’s future development in digital TV should follow a design for the digital broadcasting platform mechanism provided by this report. 5. When Taiwan develops the new satellite television platform, they should consult the experience in Japan where they separate the institutions for production and broadcasting. 6. Taiwan should create a payment mechanism for digital TV as early as possible. Keywords: Digital TV, Digital Satellite TV, Digital Cable TV, Digital Broadcasting, Diamond Model.