By tradition, the scramble heifer program has been portrayed as a strong animal project for which youth participate. These projects are yearlong; require a time commitment, monetary support, and dedication from the students. Animal science projects are well known for teaching life skills such as leadership, communication, working with groups, making decisions, and work ethic. Therefore, this study was developed to determine the life skills gained and the educational influence youth acquire as a result of raising a breeding heifer from the scramble program and the associated economic costs. The development of a participant questionnaire was used to address the above aforementioned purpose. The questionnaire was developed by Dr. Chris Boleman and the researcher, in conjunction with the Houston Livestock Show & Rodeo. The questionnaire was administered via (web) mailing techniques through the assistance of the Houston Livestock Show & Rodeo. The census included 400 calf scramble participants for the years 2005, 2006, and 2007. The survey consisted of 60 items and included scales on demographics, life skills obtained, management of project, and educational and/or career goals questions. Conclusions showed that the calf scramble program enhanced the youth?s life skills in many areas. Focusing on the development of accepting responsibility was the life skill that was most influenced. In addition to the life skills gained, the calf scramble had an impact on the educational goals of youth. 84% of respondents said that participating in the Houston Livestock Show & Rodeo Calf Scramble Program contributed to their educational goals. Contributions included increased motivation, focused goals; livestock knowledge gained, allowed them to start a college fund, and influenced their career choice. The associated economic cost concluded for maintaince of a project was an average of $5,443. Therefore the cost for the youth is known to be spread out across multiple areas. As a result of this study, the researcher recommends that youth should be encouraged to take part in the calf scramble program at the Houston Livestock Show & Rodeo. In addition, it should be promoted to youth to involve themselves in other leadership-developmental activities through other programs to further enhance their life skill development.

No description available.

Introduction: The purpose of this study is to determine whether certain personality traits are as prominent in pharmacy practice residents who obtain positions through the post-Match process, previously referred to as the Scramble, as compared to residents who match directly with programs. Methods: Pharmacy residency program directors (RPDs) across the United States were asked to complete an electronic survey that gauged RPD perceptions of 13 personality traits commonly seen in pharmacy residents. RPDs were requested to separately evaluate residents who Scrambled and Matched to their respective programs. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was used to determine factor structure for the personality traits and to assess whether factors associate differentially between Matched and Scrambled residents. Results: A total of 1876 RPDs of post-graduate year one (PGY1), post-graduate year two (PGY2), and combined PGY1 and PGY2 pharmacy residency programs were contacted for study participation with a response rate of 21 percent. Demographic variables related to program type and number of residents per class were similar between Scrambled and Matched groups. The EFA identified two factors across 13 traits: we termed them as traditional traits and grit-like traits, and they significantly differed between the Scramble and Match groups. RPD perception of traditional traits (nine traits) were significantly higher in the Match group (p < 0.05), whereas perceived grit-like traits (four traits) were significantly higher in the Scramble group (p < 0.0001). Conclusion: Residency candidates who Match versus candidates who Scramble are perceived to have unique and significantly different personality traits.

No description available.

Le projet international de synthèse des chromosomes de S. cerevisiae (projet Sc2.0) a débuté il y a une dizaine d'années en suivant des principes établis par le Pr. Jef Boeke. Les chromosomes synthétiques ont été conçus pour augmenter la stabilité du génome en supprimant toutes les séquences répétées (ARNt, éléments transposables...), tout en y ajoutant un système d'évolution inductible dépendant du système Cré/LoxP (système SCRaMbLE), permettant de générer rapidement des réarrangements chromosomiques. Bien que le design du projet Sc2.0 soit très conservateur en ce qui concerne le contenu des gènes, la suppression de plusieurs classes de séquences répétées peut affecter l'organisation du génome et potentiellement altérer les fonctions cellulaires. En utilisant la méthode de capture de conformation de chromosome couplée au séquençage de seconde génération (Hi-C), mon objectif a été de caractériser l'organisation 3D des génomes des souches synthétiques et évoluées. À ce jour, huit chromosomes (syn I, II, III, V, VI, IX-R, X et XII) ont été entièrement assemblés séparément. En utilisant les souches contenant un ou plusieurs de ces chromosomes, nous avons pu montrer que leur organisation génomique n'est globalement pas affectée par leur présence. Quelques exceptions subsistent, avec synIII dont les cassettes HML et HMR ont été retirées, et synXII d'où l'ADNr a été déplacé sur un autre chromosome. À ce stade, nous concluons que l'ADN répétitif dispersé ne conduit pas la conformation moyenne globale du génome de S. cerevisiae. Nous avons aussi exploité les cartes de contacts pour identifier les réarrangements dans les souches SCRaMbLE. / The international project Sc2.0 started 10 years ago by the Pr. Jef Boeke aims to build a fully synthetic genome of S. cerevisiae which increases the genome stability by removing all repeated sequences (tRNA, transposable elements, etc.), and implements SCRaMbLE (for Synthetic Chromosome Rearrangement and Modification by LoxP-mediated Evolution), an inducible, high-throughput chromosome rearrangement system. This design is highly conservative with respect to gene content, the deletion of several classes of repeated sequences and the introduction of thousands of designer changes. However, it may affect genome organization and potentially alter cellular functions. To determine wether those modifications affected the three-dimensional conformation of synthetic chromosmes, we investigated it using chromosomes conformation capture coupled to second generation sequencing method (Hi-C). Currently, eight synthetic chromosomes (synI, synII, synIII, synV, synVI, synIX-R, synX et synXII) have been fully assembled. Using these strains we observed that the large-scale genomic organization is globally unaffected by the presence of synthetic chromosome(s). Two exceptions are synIII, which lacks the silent mating-type cassettes, and synXII, specifically when the ribosomal DNA is moved to another chromosome. We also exploited the contact maps to detect rearrangements induced in these SCRaMbLE strains.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Miami University, Dept. of Zoology, 2003. / Title from second page of PDF document. Includes bibliographical references.

No description available.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The Neotropical damselfly Telebasis carmesina (Odonata: Coenagrionidae) is a common species in the Cerrado, a Brazilian savanna and even though, nothing is known about its natural history and ecology. This study aimed to investigate the population ecology, the habitat use and the breeding behavior of this species. It was conducted at a pond in the Natural Particular Reserve at Clube de Caça e Pesca Itororó de Uberlândia, between July/2008 and October /2009. The data was collected through the markrecapture method, using an insect net and a metal precision caliper. In addition, 81 hours of behavioral observations was taken. An amount of 1133 individuals were captured. December and November/2008 comprised the highest number of marked males, while September and October/2008 presented the higher abundance of females. The abundance of individuals was directly related to the air temperature and relative air humidity and it affects the individuals size, that is, the bigger the males abundance, the smaller was the total length of them, which generally are smaller than females. The males size also varied between the seasons of the year, except in summer and auntumn, and the females had different average of sizes between spring and summer months. The males longevity varied between the seasons and during the breeding season October to April was 7,099 (±0,719; X±SE) days. In this study, both males and females had concentrated mainly in the pond and used the macrophytes Eliocharis sp. and Pontederia parviflora as main perching surface, mating and oviposition. The polygynous mating system through scramble competition was evidenced during observations and supported by the smaller size of males and the absence of territory guarding behavior. The breeding behavior was frequently observed during the midmorning. T. carmesina s mate involved sperm transfer to edeagous, tandem and wheel positions and some evidences suggest that there is males sperm displacement in the species. The oviposition occurs together with the male, in tandem. Sex ratio varied throughout the months, with the closest value in relation to 1:1 ratio in September (1:3,48) and the most distinct value in January (1:27,4). Males exhibited three types of aggressive displays, similarly to other studies in literature: i) chase, when a male run after other male, going back to its original position or its position is displaced by the other male; ii) threat display or wing spread, when a male, realizing the approach of another male, spreads his wings, and iii) attack, which can occurs through the use of the legs, abdominal appendages or mouth parts. The agonistic behavior is directed toward to conspecific males; however aggressive interactions can also occur between heterospecific individuals. Telebasis carmesina presents important features related to sexual selection, such as sexual size dimorphism and sex ratio male biased. Moreover, the habitat use by males and females are spatially and temporarily different. / Embora seja comum no cerrado, nada se sabe sobre a história natural e ecologia da libélula neotropical Telebasis carmesina (Odonata: Coenagrionidae). Nesse sentido, os objetivos desse estudo foram investigar a ecologia populacional, uso do habitat e o comportamento reprodutivo dessa espécie. O estudo foi conduzido em uma lagoa situada na RPPN do Clube de Caça e Pesca Itororó de Uberlândia MG, entre os meses de julho de 2008 e outubro de 2009. Os dados foram obtidos utilizando-se o método de captura-marcação-recaptura, com o auxílio de uma rede entomológica e um paquímetro metálico de precisão e de observações comportamentais, totalizando 81 horas de observação. No total, 1133 indivíduos foram capturados. Os meses com maior número de machos capturados foram dezembro e novembro de 2008. Setembro e outubro de 2008 foram os meses em que houve maior abundância de fêmeas. A abundância dos indivíduos está diretamente relacionada com a temperatura e umidade relativa do ar e afeta o tamanho dos indivíduos. Quanto maior a abundância de machos, menor o comprimento total deles, que obtiveram tamanho menor que as fêmeas. O tamanho dos machos também variou entre as estações, exceto entre verão e outono e as fêmeas apresentaram médias de tamanho diferentes nos meses da primavera e verão. A longevidade dos machos variou entre as estações e durante a estação reprodutiva outubro a abril e foi de 7,099 (±0,719; X±EP) dias. Tanto machos quanto fêmeas concentraram-se principalmente na lagoa e utilizaram as macrófitas Eliocharis sp. e Pontederia parviflora como principais superfícies de pouso, cópula e oviposição. O sistema de acasalamento poligínico de competição por interferência foi evidenciado durante as observações e corroborado pelo tamanho dos machos e ausência de guarda de territórios O comportamento reprodutivo foi mais freqüente durante o meio da manhã. A cópula de T. carmesina envolveu a transferência de esperma para o edeago, o tandem , a wheel position . A oviposição ocorre sempre com o acompanhamento do macho, em tandem . A razão sexual atingiu maior equivalência em relação à razão 1:1 no mês de setembro (1:3,48) e maior diferença no mês de janeiro (1:27,4).Os machos exibiram três tipos de comportamentos agressivos: i) perseguição, quando um macho persegue o outro, voltando logo a sua posição original, ou sua posição é tomada pelo outro; ii) intimidação ou wing spread , um macho, quando percebe a aproximação de outro, abre suas asas e iii) ataque, que pode ocorrer através do uso das pernas, apêndices abdominais ou peças bucais. Machos apresentam comportamento agonístico direcionado a outros machos da mesma espécie e também são agressivos com indivíduos de outras espécies. A espécie estudada apresenta dimorfismo sexual de tamanho e razão sexual altamente direcionada para machos. Machos e fêmeas utilizam diferencialmente o habitat, tanto espacial quanto temporalmente. / Mestre em Ecologia e Conservação de Recursos Naturais

Austro-Hungarian Activities in China, 1894-1914 PhDr. Jan Kočvar My Ph.D. thesis evaluates Austro-Hungarian activities in China between 1894 and 1914, especially their political aspects. I would like to explain the nature of Austro-Hungarian contacts with China and their significance for the Dual Monarchy. The main source for my thesis was constituted by the materials in Haus-, Hof- und Staatsarchiv in Vienna. Austria-Hungary concluded diplomatic relations with China in 1869, but her position in China remained weak. After the Sino-Japanese War, the Far East became a focus of interest of the Great Powers, and in 1896 was appointed the first Austro-Hungarian Minister to China. During the Scramble for Concessions in late nineties, Austro-Hungarian navy conducted survey of Chinese littoral and contemplated an establishment of a naval base in China, but finally rejected this idea. Austro-Hungarian trade and other interests in China were too insignificant to justify such an action. The peak of Austro-Hungarian presence is connected with the Boxer Uprising of 1900. Austria-Hungary didn't contribute to its genesis. During the uprising, Austro-Hungarian sailors were fighting in besieged Legation Quarter in Beijing, as well as in the metropolitan province of Zhili. Thereafter, Austro-Hungarian diplomacy took...

Die deutsche Außenpolitik zur Zeit des Kalten Krieges stellt in historischer wie politikwissenschaftlicher Hinsicht einen Gegenstand dar, der mit gutem Gewissen als wissenschaftlich erschlossen bezeichnet werden kann. Zahlreiche Aufsätze, Artikel und Bücher sind in den vergangenen Jahrzehnten erschienen, welche die deutsche Außenpolitik in Europa, Afrika, Asien, Ozeanien, Amerika, oder auch gleich der Welt als Ganzem, in den Blick genommen haben. Dies gilt sowohl für die Außenpolitik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland als auch für diejenige der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik. Früh – wenn nicht sogar von Beginn an – kam hierbei eine zentrale These, eine Kernthese, zum Vorschein, die, ohne auf Widerstand zu stoßen, Eingang in den historischen und politikwissenschaftlichen Forschungskanon fand und ihn bereits nach kurzer Zeit zu dominieren begann. Die Rede ist von der die deutschen Auslandsaktivitäten angeblich bestimmenden Hallstein-Doktrin und dem mit ihr in engem Zusammenhang stehenden deutsch-deutschen Gegensatz. In dieser Arbeit wird dieser Kernthese, diesem ''Mythos'' der deutschen Außenpolitik, vehement widersprochen. Weder die Hallstein-Doktrin, noch der deutsch-deutsche Gegensatz, sondern nationale ökonomische und internationale geostrategische Interessen haben die deutsche Außenpolitik – und darüber hinaus auch die gesamten deutschen Auslandsaktivitäten, der BRD wie der DDR – maßgeblich bestimmt. Zur Stützung dieser Gegenthese werden in der vorliegenden Studie die staatlichen, wirtschaftlichen und gesellschaftlichen Aktivitäten West- und Ostdeutschlands in neun zentralafrikanischen Staaten zwischen 1945 und 1975 kritisch dargelegt, umfassend analysiert und im Hinblick auf mehrere zentrale Thesen zu den deutschen Auslandsaktivitäten ausgewertet. / For decades articles and books have been published on the history of German foreign policy during Cold War. Regardless of whether Europe, Africa, Asia, Oceania, America or the world as a whole, the foreign affairs of the Western Federal Republic of Germany and the Eastern German Democratic Republic have been researched and analysed in context of a broad variety of locations. However, even though the list of publications continues to grow, the topic''s theses–especially its main thesis–do not show much progress. Already at an early stage, a central thesis–a core thesis–came to light, met no resistance and entered history''s and political science''s research canons on German foreign policy. This thesis reads: Inner German issues and the non-solved German question were so powerful, they dominated West and East German foreign affairs nearly right from the start. German foreign policy, that was the so-called Hallstein doctrine, that was the so-called German-German contradiction. And all studies–whether of history or political science, whether designed as a case study or as a global approach–confirm this thesis, use it as an integral part of their work–until today. But be that as it may. This study contradicts this thesis, this ''myth'' of German foreign policy. Instead it argues that neither the Hallstein doctrine nor the German-German contradiction, but national economic and international geostrategic interests dominated German foreign policy and German foreign activities–regarding the FRG, the GDR, and Germany as a whole. To proof this thesis, West and East German activities–of the two states, their economies and their societies–in nine Central African states between 1945 and 1975 are observed and analysed. More than a million file pages out of more than a dozen German archives were read to tackle this task–and shed some refreshing new light on the foreign policies of the two German states during Cold War.