This thesis is situated in the academic sphere of human geography. The overall aim is to identify the current challenges and possibilities Icelandic farmers face in terms of changes in importation laws. This research is exemplary in its field as it uses the narratives of the stakeholders, farmers in this case, as the main data source. The research questions were as following: Is there an agricultural cluster in the region and if so, how does it work; what challenges and possibilities do farmers in the municipality of Hrunamannahreppur face in terms of the recent import law and lastly; according to the farmers, how do policies and laws in Icelandic agriculture ensure long-term farming practices in Iceland. The thesis uses theories of agricultural localization theory, cluster theory and the concepts of competitive and comparative advantages along with the concept of food self-sufficiency. The methods used are semi-structured qualitative interviews during a field study in southern Iceland. Data sources include seven qualitative interviews with farmers in the selected area, a review of agricultural policies and frameworks, and other sources such as articles and media. The main findings are that there is an unexplained disconnect within agriculture and its actors, indicating that policies give preferentiality to economic gain rather than preserving long-term farming in Iceland.

This MA thesis encompasses the motivation of the applicant to apply for a long-term stay at a retirement home. The theoretical part analyses the needs that seniors have, describes the system of care of the elderly and its problems, as well as the limits, motivation and psychosocial aspects of family care of the elderly, and the effect of a retirement home residence on the personality and quality of life of the elderly. The empirical part is formed as a quantitative research with the use of questionnaires. Respondents were selected out of the applicants for a long-term stay at a retirement home. The aim of the empirical part of the MA thesis is to answer the key question of the entire research: what life situation is responsible for the applicant's motivation for applying for a long-term stay at a retirement home. The empirical part describes the research objectives, research methods and research groups and poses the research questions. The received data are than analyzed, and the results are subjected to a critical scrutiny in a discussion. The results of this thesis serve as a basis for creating new projects to encourage seniors to remain at their home environment, and aimed at preventing the placement of the elderly in institutional facilities

Genom att kritiskt granska de två Malmöstadsdelarna Augustenborg och Sege Park, som har utgett sig för och planeras att bli förebilder för hållbar stadsutveckling, studeras inslag av en nerväxt-inspirerad utveckling bort från ekonomisk tillväxt. Detta görs genom en fallstudie där områdenas strategiska hållbarhetsarbete studeras genom att observera inslag av två utvalda begrepp, kollaborativekonomi (KE) och lokal självförsörjning (LSF). Dessa begrepp kommer från framtidsscenarier i rapporten Framtider bortom BNP-tillväxt av Hagbert et al.( 2018) i forskningsprogrammet Bortom BNP-tillväxt: Scenarier för hållbart samhällsbyggande som är formulerade att uppnå ett hållbart tillstånd inom Donut-ekonomin (Raworth 2012) i Sverige 2050. Det empiriska materialet utgörs av fem semistrukturerade kvalitativa informantintervjuer, offentligt tillgängliga dokument från Malmö Stad som hållbarhetsstrategi och planprogram för Sege Park samt en antologi över Augustenborgs utveckling. Den analytiska metoden består av en systematiserande kvalitativ textanalys som utformats med utgångspunkt i uppsatsens teoretiska diskussion och ramverk. Tidigare forskning tar upp olika förhållningssätt till operationaliseringen av nerväxtlogiker på stadsdelsnivå. Den teoretiska diskussionen går igenom olika perspektiv kring nerväxtlogiker, relationen mellan tillväxt och stadsutveckling samt det rådande stadsplaneringsparadigmets relation till hållbar stadsutveckling. Det teoretiska ramverket presenterar de två begreppen kollaborativ ekonomi och lokal självförsörjning som används för att utröna inslag av en utveckling bort från ekonomisk tillväxt. Studiens empiriska framställning visar att många inslag av kollaborativ ekonomi och lokal självförsörjning är närvarande, men överlappar med rådande tillväxtbaserade stadsplaneringsparadigm och det är tveksamt i vilken utsträckning dessa inslag faktiskt bidrar till minskade resursflöden och en utveckling bort från ekonomisk tillväxt. Studiens diskussion tar upp svårigheterna med att tillämpa en stadsplanering inspirerad av nerväxtlogiker inom rådande lagstiftning, som hindrar en utveckling bort från tillväxt. Ansatsen att använda framtidsscenarier för studier av en samtida verklighet kan ifrågasättas och har genererat en viss svårighet bland annat i relation till skillnaden som uppstår mellan framtidsscenariernas radikalitet och dagens socio-ekonomiska komplexa situation. / Through a critical examination of two neighbourhoods of Malmö, Augustenborg and Sege Park degrowth-inspired elements of a development away from economic growth are being studied. These specific neighbourhoods are selected since they have served and are being planned to serve as models of sustainable urban neighbourhoods. The neighbourhoods are being studied through a case study of strategic sustainable measures through the observation of two selected concepts, Collaborative Economy (KE) and Local Self-sufficiency (LSF). These concepts originate from the future scenarios in the report Futures Beyond GDP Growth (Hagbert et al., 2018) in the research program Beyond GDP Growth: Scenarios for sustainable building and planning formulated to reach a sustainable condition within the Doughnut-economy (Raworth, 2012) in Sweden 2050. The empirical material are five semi-structured qualitative informant interviews, publicly accessible documents from Malmö municipality as sustainability strategy, district planning program as well as an anthology of the neighbourhood Augustengorg’s development history. The analytical method is a systemising qualitative text analysis designed from the study’s theoretical discussion and framework. Earlier research addresses different approaches to operationalisation of degrowth on a neighbourhood level.The theoretical discussion examines different perspectives concerning degrowth, the relation between economic growth and urban development as well as the relation of the prevailing growth based urban planning paradigm to sustainable urban development. The theoretical framework discusses the two concepts Collaborative Economy and Local Self-sufficiency which are being used to examine the presence of a development away from economic growth. The empirical representation shows that several elements of Collaborative Economy and Local Self-sufficiency are present, but coexists with the contemporary prevailing growth based urban planning paradigm, and it is uncertain to which extent these elements actually contribute to diminish the flows of resources and contribute to a development away from economic growth. The discussion examines the difficulties applying urban planning inspired by the logic of degrowth within prevailing legislation preventing a development away from economic growth. The attempt to use scenarios of an alternative future for studies of a contemporary reality can be questioned. It has generated a certain amount of difficulty in relation to the apparent difference between the radicality in the scenarios and the complexity of the socio-economical situation of today.

The main object of this master´s thesis is recreation area operated by a non-profit organization in Černá Hora in district Blansko. The aim of the work is to evaluate the potential of the area. This thesis provides the ideas and interventions which allow more effective, more self-sufficient, economically, and ecologically sustainable yearlong operation. The brief of designed buildings and modifications was determined by previous analysis and consultation with the site operator. The result of the work are individual interventions in the sense of proposed changes and modifications in the area. The thesis also includes a chronological arrangement of the interventions in a real timeline according to their feasibility.

Sveriges självförsörjningsgrad av livsmedel har minskat från 75 procent på 90-talet fram till dagens 50 procent, samtidigt minskar landets åkermarker och jordbruksföretagen avvecklas. Sommaren 2018 var en av de varmaste sommarperioder som uppmätts, ett år där en stor del av Sverige drabbades av torka. Konsekvenserna av extrema väderhändelser drabbar och kommer fortsätta drabba den svenska livsmedelsförsörjningen. En ökad produktion av livsmedel kan öka både arbetstillfällen och leda till mer medvetna val som konsument. Den svenska livsmedelsstrategin syftar till att skapa arbetsmöjligheter och tillväxt samt minska sårbarheten inom livsmedelskedjan för att kunna ökalandets självförsörjningsgrad. Gävleborgs län har skapat en egen handlingsplan för att nå mål som hållbar livsmedelsproduktion och konkurrenskraft. Genom detta arbetevill författarna framföra vilka styrkor, svagheter, möjligheter och hot som producenter i Gävleborgs län upplever. Hur livsmedelsproduktion kan leda till utveckling av länet samt ge exempel på hur ett resilient jordbruk kan möjliggöras. Livsmedelsproducenter fick därav möjligheten att framföra sina upplevelser av att vara en lokal producent i Gävleborg genom ett frågeformulär kopplat till ämnet. Författarna utförde därefter en SWOT-analys utifrån svaren.Priset på insatsvaror har sedan 2021 ökat vilket påverkat jordbruken genom ökade kostnader av bland annat gödsel, foder och elektricitet, däremot uppger producenter att de inte vågar öka sina varupriser på grund av en redan minskad köpkraft. Detta gör att livsmedelsproducenternas marginaler blir låga och det ekonomiska läget blir ansträngt. Producenterna och den Gemensamma Jordbruks Politiken (GJP) upplever dock att lokala livsmedel har styrkor såsom kvalitet och motståndskraft något som kan bidra till att öka länets självförsörjningsgrad från 38 procent till högre andelar lokalproducerat jämfört med år 2021. Detta är något som potentiellt kan möjliggöras genom resilienta och regenerativa jordbruk där det används naturliga näringskällor, lagrat vatten och förnybar energi. Landsbygdsutvecklingen är en förutsättning för en tillväxt och minskad arbetslöshet inom Gävleborgs län och jordbruken utgör en viktig roll genom att det vid livsmedelsproduktion skapas arbetstillfällen. Detta är något som i sin tur bidrar till landsbygdsutveckling och en stärktsjälvförsörjningsgrad / Sweden’s degree of self-sufficiency in food has decreased from 75 percent in the 90s to today’s 50 percent, at the same time the country’s arable land is decreasing and agricultural companies are closing down.The summer of 2018 was one of the hottest summer periods on record, a year in which a large part of Sweden was affected by drought. The consequences of the extreme weather events affect are and will continue to affect the Swedish food supply. An increased production of food can increase both work opportunities and lead to more informed choices for consumers. The Swedish food strategy aims to create work opportunities, growth and reduce vulnerability within the food chain, in order to increase the country’s degree of self-sufficiency. Gävleborg has created its own plan of action to achieve goals such as sustainable food production and competitiveness. Through this thesis, the authors want to present the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats that producers in Gävleborg experience. How food production can lead to the development of the country and give examples of how resilient agriculture can be made possible. Food producers were therefore given the opportunity to present their experiences of being a local producer in Gävleborg through a questionnaire linked to the topic. The authors then performed a SWOT analysis based on the responses. The price of commodities has increased since 2021, which has affected agriculturethrough increased costs of among other things, fertilizer, feed, and electricity, but producers state that they do not dare to increase their commodity prices due to an already reduced purchasing power. This means that food producers’ margins become low, and the economic situations becomes strained. However, the producers and the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) felt that local food have strengths such as quality and resilience, something that can contribute to increasing Gävleborg’s self-sufficiency rate from 38 percent to higher proportions of locally produced food compared to the year 2021. This is something that can potentially be made possible through resilient and regenerative agriculture where natural nutrient sources, stored water and renewable energy are used. Rural development is a prerequisite for growth and reduced unemployment within Gävleborg, and agriculture plays an important role in creating work through food production. This is something that in turn contributes to rural development and a strengthened degree of self-sufficiency

Den snabbt växande urbaniseringen och den ökande befolkningen i världen har bidragit till markexploatering i städer, vilket kan ske på bekostnad av åkermarker. Ett annat fenomen som sker globalt är det ökande behovet av livsmedel som förväntas öka med 70% i takt med befolkningstillväxten. I och med Coronapandemin har det även uppdagats att Sverige endast kan försörja 50% av befolkningen vid en kris. De senaste åren har begreppet Stadsbruk vuxit fram, vilket syftar till kommersiell odling i staden. Stadsbruk har bland annat implementerats i fyra städer i södra Sverige, men för att Sverige ska öka sin självförsörjning bör Stadsbruk även fokuseras på och utvecklas i Norrland. Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka hur Stadsbruk kan etableras i större utsträckning längs Norrlandskusten för att möta den ökade efterfrågan på livsmedel i Sverige, den rådande klimat- och energikrisen och ökande markexploateringen. Målet var att få fram ett ramverk för framtida aktörer vid etablering av Stadsbruk längs Norrlandskusten. Arbetet genomfördes som en fallstudie där tre kustlandskommuner i Norrland valdes ut. Därefter utfördes en dokumentanalys och intervjuer. De aktörer som intervjuades var kommuner, forskare, ett företag inom Stadsbruk och ett riksförbund inom odling. Resultatet visade att både traditionell odling och högteknologisk odling behövs som metoder, men att högteknologisk odling bland annat ger möjligheter för större produktionsvolymer, odling året runt och ökad lönsamhet. Studien visade även att industrier längs Norrlandskusten kan integreras med inomhusodling för möjlighet till energieffektiv uppvärmning från spillvärme. De möjligheter som Norrlandskusten besitter är bland annat stora marktillgångar och möjligheterna för odling året runt inomhus med flera väletablerade industrier som kan bidra med spillvärme. En förutsättning för att Stadsbruk ska kunna etableras i större utsträckning är fler regelverk på nationell och kommunal nivå, ökad kompetens, införande av handläggare i kommunen, att företag inom Stadsbruk prioriteras och ges stöd samt att företagen inkluderas tidigt i planprocessen. / The rapidly growing urbanization and increasing population of the world has contributed to land exploitation in cities, which can occur at the expense of arable land. Another phenomenon that is happening globally is the increasing need for food, which is expected to increase by 70% in line with population growth. With the Covid-19 pandemic, it has also been discovered that Sweden can only provide for 50% of the population in a crisis. In recent years, the concept of urban agriculture has emerged, which aims at commercial cultivation in the city. Urban agriculture has, among other things, been implemented in four cities in southern Sweden, but in order for Sweden to increase its self-sufficiency, urban agriculture should also be focused on and developed in Norrland, northern Sweden. The aim of the study is to investigate how urban agriculture can be established to a greater extent along the Norrland coast to meet the increased demand for food in Sweden, the upcoming climate and energy crisis and increasing land exploitation. The objective of this study was to produce a framework for future actors when establishing urban agriculture in municipalities along the Norrland coast. The work was carried out as a case study where three coastal municipalities in Norrland were selected. A document analysis and interviews were then carried out. The actors who were interviewed were municipalities, researchers, one company within urban agriculture and a farming association. The results showed that both traditional cultivation and high-tech cultivation are needed as methods, but that high-tech cultivation offers opportunities for larger production volumes, year-round cultivation and increased profitability. The study also showed that industries along the Norrland coast can be integrated with indoor cultivation for the possibility of energy-efficient heating from industrial waste heat. The opportunities that the Norrland coast possesses are the large land assets and the opportunities for year-round indoor cultivation with many of wellestablished industries that can contribute with waste heat. A prerequisite for urban agriculture to be able to be established to a greater extent is more regulations at national and municipal level, increased competence, introduction of a manager in the municipality, that companies within urban agriculture are prioritized and given support and that the companies are included early in the planning process.

Architecture, as a discipline, has the potential to serve as a catalyst for cultivating an awareness of our intrinsic connection to the Earth and the broader universe. However, in the contemporary world, architectural practices frequently tend to alienate us from the natural environment, compelling many of us to inhabit indoor spaces reliant on centralized utility systems. This reliance, in turn, exerts significant stress on the Earth's ecosystems. The essence of architecture should instead lie in its capacity to engage with the surrounding natural elements, including the sun, wind, earth, and rain, thereby prompting individuals to acknowledge their geographical and planetary context. By harnessing these natural forces at the local level, architectural structures could autonomously provide their occupants with essential resources such as energy, water, and sustenance throughout the year. This thesis embarks on an exploration of the feasibility of integrating these principles of passive design into architectural structures, with the overarching goal of imparting experiential learning opportunities to the broader public. Through this endeavor, architecture can transcend its conventional role and emerge as a conduit for disseminating knowledge and awareness about sustainable living practices. Ultimately, this reimagined role for architecture can play a pivotal part in catalyzing the ongoing human evolution towards enhanced health and resilience, both as individuals and as a species. / Master of Architecture / Architecture should make us aware of how we are connected to the earth and by its extension, the universe. In today's world, it often closes us off from nature instead. Many of us are plugged in to an indoor culture that relies on centralized utility infrastructure to sustain, which often puts great strain on the natural environment. By interacting with surrounding natural phenomenon such as the sun, wind, earth, and rain, our buildings should remind us of our geographical and planetary context. By gathering these natural forces local, a building could supply its inhabitants with energy, water, and facilitate food production year round. This thesis aims to explore how a building could demonstrate these principles of passive design to the general public by using architecture as a vessel for experiential learning. This is the role Architecture can play in the process of human evolution towards becoming a healthier and more resilient species.

This research, with the main focus on HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria, was based on data from the literature, and on questionnaire and interview surveys with the main stakeholders: authorities, drug-developers and NGOs/foundations. It revealed the following determinants, which contributed to the occurrence of drug pricing conflicts in Brazil, Thailand and South Africa: governmental constitutional commitments to supply medicines to poor people, the existence of a local pharmaceutical industry capable of producing generic versions of patented medicines and long histories of disease treatment programmes. The research documented the preferred approaches to increase global access to life-saving medicines for the next decade, which were found to be: public-private-partnerships, prevention measures, dedication of >0.5% of GNP to poor countries, and improvement of national healthcare/insurance systems. Those approaches were integrated into a conceptual framework, which could enable country-level organizations to move beyond the conflict mentality via a ¿Public-Private-Partnership for gradual Self-Sufficiency and Sustainability Model,¿ (P3S3). Within this framework, rich countries should invest >0.5% of their GNP to help to alleviate poverty in poor countries. With these funds, national governments should implement programmes to expand implementation of disease prevention measures and improve national - 4 - healthcare/insurance systems and the quality of the medicines involved. Public-private-partnerships should act as ¿steering-and-controlling¿ organizations to guide the process and to minimise corruption. As a positive message to all who currently lack access to these medicines, the thesis author¿s conclusion is that the use of this model could help to turn the current unsustainable development policies into sustainable ones, and as a consequence, it would contribute to improvements in the quality of life of millions of people in poor countries. / Tibotec-Virco BVBA

Humans are simultaneously facing challenges as climate change, epidemics and scarcity of food and water. It is estimated that by 2021 over 690 million of people will face hunger; by 2050 the global population will increase up to 10 billion with 68% of the population living in urban areas. By providing 30% of self-sufficient food in 2030, urban agriculture will be a practical concept to face these challenges. The work studies the role of agricultural land as a critical part for a resilient city. Parameters related to food production are also explored. As study case, this work aims to investigate the current food security of the Ho Chi Minh city (HCMC), offering productive green solutions at different scales from land-use planning, urban design to green roofs. For a production of 6.7 kg/day of vegetables a day, the costs of are approximately $10,000 for nearly 5.6 square meters of land; this points out A-Go-Gro technology as an effective measure for vertical farming. For example, 0.18 ha of green space can produce 2 tons of vegetables per day in the Lake View settlement (district 2 in HCMC). Moreover, due to green roofs, stormwater volumes directed into the sewer system are decreased by 65% and the penetration of electromagnetic radiation is reduced by 99.4%. / Loài người đang đồng thời đối mặt với những thách thức như biến đổi khí hậu, dịch bệnh, khan hiếm thực phẩm và nước. Ước tính đến năm 2021 có hơn 690 triệu người đói và đến năm 2050 dân số toàn cầu tăng lên gần 10 tỷ người, với 68% sống ở khu vực thành thị. Được sử dụng để tự cung tự cấp 30% lương thực vào năm 2030, nông nghiệp đô thị là một khái niệm hiệu quả cho những thách thức. Bài báo là nghiên cứu đất nông nghiệp như một phần quan trọng cho một thành phố có khả năng phục hồi. Các thông số liên quan đến sản xuất lương thực được nghiên cứu. Bài báo cũng tìm hiểu an ninh lương thực của thành phố Hồ Chí Minh hiện nay. Hơn nữa, bài báo đưa ra các giải pháp phủ xanh hiệu quả trên các quy mô khác từ quy hoạch sử dụng đất, thiết kế đô thị đến mái nhà xanh tại các hộ gia đình. Với chi phí 10.000 USD và gần 5,6 mét vuông đất trồng 6,7 kg rau mỗi ngày, công nghệ A-Go-Gro là một biện pháp hữu hiệu cho canh tác theo chiều dọc. Như vậy 0,18 ha không gian xanh có thể sản xuất 2 tấn rau mỗi ngày tại khu dân cư Lake View ở quận 2. Hơn nữa, bằng cách làm mái nhà xanh, nước mưa giảm đến 65% vào hệ thống cống và sự xâm nhập bức xạ điện từ giảm 99,4%.

Produktionen av syntetiska textilfibrer har lett till stora konsekvenser för miljön, bland annat i form av utsläpp av mikroplaster samt stora koldioxidutsläpp. Textilbranschen har i och med globaliseringen centrerat produktionen till ett fåtal låglöneländer och avståndet mellan producent och konsument har gjort det svårare för användaren att förstå vilket avtryck en vara lämnar på miljön. För att kunna ställa om till en mer hållbar textilindustri, finns inom EU en strävan efter innovativa lösningar och nya affärsmodeller. Ett område som fått ett stort genomslag inom hållbara material är biokompositer, som helt eller delvis är tillverkade av förnybara råvaror och är biologiskt nedbrytbara. Högskolan i Borås koordinerar projektet Biobaserade restströmmar med potential i teknisk textilindustri och har för detta köpt in spillmaterial från företaget Svensk Hampaindustri (SHI), i form av hampastjälkar. Som komplement till tidigare studier inom projektets ramar, syftar denna studie till att undersöka spillmaterialets potential utifrån estetiska aspekter, för att kunna bredda dess användningsområden till att omfatta heminredning och således förbättra möjligheterna att tillvarata lokalproducerat växtmaterial. För att ta reda på detta framställdes tre biokompositer av spillmaterialet. I två utav materialen tillsattes även behandlade hampafibrer respektive ull, för att undersöka om och hur det förändrade resultatet utifrån ett estetiskt perspektiv. I syfte att undersöka kundintresset utvärderades dessa materialprototyper genom en liten marknadsundersökning. På grund av det knappa underlaget, kan inga långtgående slutsatser dras utifrån resultatet men det ger dock en indikation på att det finns ett kundintresse för materialen utifrån dess estetiska aspekter och framför allt i kombination med dess fördelar avseende hållbarhet, däribland lokal produktion. Respondenterna kunde se en rad potentiella användningsområden för biokompositerna inom området heminredning. Resultaten stärker således tesen om att spillmaterialet från SHI kan utgöra en lokal källa till hållbara produkter, där det estetiska har en avgörande roll och att det är befogat med satsningar på infrastruktur och ny teknik för att kunna ta tillvara och förädla detta. Att möjliggöra för odlarna själva att bereda fibrerna för framställning av kompositer eller textilier, skulle dessutom kunna stärka den lokala kunskapen om råvaran och kunna bidra till ökad lokal självförsörjning. Resultaten av studien kan således vara ett steg i rätt riktning mot ett systemskifte där hållbar lokal produktutveckling och design ersätter globala värdekedjor och mot omställningen mot en mer hållbar och fossilfri ekonomi vilket EU eftersträvar. / The production of synthetic textile fibers has resulted in major environmental impacts, including large emissions of carbon dioxide and microplastics. Along with the globalization, the textile industry has concentrated the production to a few low-wage countries and the distance between producer and consumer has made it more difficult for the user to understand the environmental impact of a product. In order to promote a more sustainable textile industry, there is a quest for innovative solutions and new business models within the EU. One significant area when it comes to sustainable materials is biocomposites, which are made entirely or partially from renewable and biodegradable sources. The University of Borås coordinates a project called Bio-based residual streams with potential in the technical textile industry, and has for this purpose purchased waste material from the company Svensk Hampaindustri (SHI), in terms of hemp stalks. As a complement to previous studies within the framework of the project, this report aims to investigate the potential of the waste material based on aesthetic aspects in order to expand the areas of use to also include interior decoration. This could improve the possibility of making better use of locally produced plant material. To investigate this, three biocomposites were produced from the waste material. In two of the materials, treated hemp fibers and wool were added, to find out whether it affected the result from an easthetic perspective, and in that case how. In order to investigate the customer interest, these material prototypes were evaluated through a small market survey. The result indicates that there is a customer interest for the materials based on its aesthetic aspects and especially in combination with its advantages regarding sustainability, including local production. The respondents could see a wide range of potential uses for the biocomposites in the field of home decoration. The results strenghten the thesis that the waste material from SHI can contribute as a local source of sustainable products, where the aesthetics has a major role and that investments in infrastructure and new technology according to the processing of the raw material, is justified. Enabling the farmers to prepare the fibers themselves for the production of composites or textiles, could also strengthen local knowledge of the raw material and further contribute to increased local self-sufficiency. The results of the report can therefore promote a system shift where sustainable product development and design replaces global value chains and further support the transition to a more sustainable and fossil free economy, in accordance with the ambition of the EU.