I denna studie är syftet att undersöka och analysera personer som haft ett alkohol- och/eller narkotikaberoende, när det gäller deras uppfattning och upplevelse av omgivningens syn på dem och deras dåvarande missbruk. Vidare vill vi belysa och analysera om och i så fall på vilket sätt denna syn påverkat dem, i förhållande till deras missbruk. För att besvara syftet har följande frågeställningar använts: Hur upplever människor som har haft ett alkohol- och/eller narkotikaberoende att deras omgivning såg på dem och deras dåvarande missbruk? Vad var det avgörande för att dessa människor tog sig ur sitt beroende? Hur kan detta förstås ur ett stigmatiseringsperspektiv? Idag hävdar många att problemet med alkohol- och narkotikamissbruk inte är själva drogerna i sig utan att alltfler människor lever under ett negativt samhälleligt tryck. Via stämpling skapar detta tryck personliga besvär såsom ångest, självdestruktivitet och dålig självbild. Detta leder till ett vidare normstridigt beteende, som i sin tur leder till ytterligare stämplingsreaktioner. Dessa reaktioner förstärker problemen och resulterar i att människor försätts i en negativ och avvikande spiral. Rapporten vilar på en kvalitativ ansats med fenomenologi som vetenskapsteoretisk utgångspunkt. Vi söker alltså inte att förklara det sociala fenomen som undersöks utan snarare förstå det. Studiens datainsamlingsmetod var en kombination av halvstrukturerade och narrativa intervjuer. För att analysera vår insamlade data använde vi oss av meningsanalys som lägger fokus vid meningen samt betydelsen av våra egna antaganden och tolkningar. Vi har därmed blivit medskapare av intervjuernas och texternas mening. Resultatet av studien visar att människor med alkohol- och narkotikamissbruk kan uppleva att omgivningens syn på dem har betydelse för deras avvikande beteende.  Det visar också att dessa människor har blivit stämplade av andra och att de därför har en dålig självbild. Vidare visar resultatet att gemenskap är en förutsättning för att människor med alkohol- och narkotikamissbruk ska kunna förbättra sin självbild, ta sig ur sitt missbruk och fortsätta leva ett drogfritt liv / In this study, the purpose is to examine and analyze the experiences of people who have had an alcohol and/or drug addiction. What are their perception and experience of the social environment’s views on them and their abuse? Further, it is to highlight and discuss if and how these attitudes affects them. To answer that, the following questions have been used: How do people who have had an alcohol and/or drug addiction experience the way people in their surrounding look at them and their abuse? What was crucial for these people when it comes to get out of their addiction? How can this be understood from a stigma perspective? Today, many claims that the problem of alcohol and drug abuse is not just the drugs, but that an increasing amount of people are living under negative social pressure. Via stigmatization this creates personal inconveniences such as anxiety, self-destructiveness and a poor selfimage. This leads to an even more developed conflict according to traditional norms and behaviors, which in turn leads to further stigma reactions. These reactions strengthens the problems and results in an even more negative and deviant spiral. The investigastion has a qualitative design based on an phenomenological approach. The method for data collection is a combination of semi-structured and narrative interviews. To analyze our empirical results, we use the method of purpose analysis which focuses on the meaning and importance of ur own assumptions and interpretations. We have thus become co-creators of the interviews and the meaning of the texts. The result of the study shows that people with alcohol and drug addiction may feel that negative views on them have an impact for their continued deviant behavior. It also shows that these people have been stigmatized by others and that they therefore have a poor selfimage. Furthermore, the result shows that fellowship is a prerequisite for the possibility of people with alcohol and drug addiction to improve their self-image, to be able to abandon their addiction and continue to live a life without drugs

Introduction: Studies show that women living in Sweden treated for coeliac disease have lower subjective health than other women. After showing signs of remission, adults who have coeliac disease and follow a gluten-free diet, are expected to handle the treatment without any further planned follow-up by health care. Aim: The overall aim of this thesis was to study aspects of living with coeliac disease in adults in the years beyond the diagnosis. Methods: Quantitative methods were used in Studies I, II and III. A qualitative content analysis was performed in Study IV. Results: The results show that women with coeliac disease have a lower level of well-being than men with coeliac disease. The women who have coeliac disease reported a high rate of gastrointestinal symptoms, although they followed a gluten-free diet, and they visited health care services more frequently than women who did not have coeliac disease. A low rate of gastrointestinal symptoms, a positive self-image and few comorbidity emerged as factors that positively affected well-being. Worries also seemed to be a companion of women diagnosed with coeliac disease in adulthood, typically evident when socializing with others. Conclusion: This thesis may provide evidence questioning the validity of declaring all women with coeliac disease showing a normalized intestinal mucosa to be in remission, and thus leaving them to self-management. Clinical implications: Health care professionals need to be aware of that the transition to a gluten-free life may vary for individuals. It does not seem enough to follow a gluten-free diet to reach a state of good well-being for all women. A major task for health care providers is therefore to support women with CD in reaching better subjective treatment outcomes. The results may also contribute to that health care system develops routines in order to optimise the care and treatment of these patients.

En undersökning om hur bilder på sociala medier påverkar unga kvinnors självbild är en kandidatuppsats vars syfte är att undersöka hur unga kvinnor blir påverkade av bilder de ser på sociala medier, samt att undersöka hur denna påverkan ser ut. Syftet med undersökningen är även att se om kvinnornas ålder har någon inverkan på hur man uppfattar dessa bilder. Denna undersökning utgår från ett kvalitativt tillvägagångssätt där intervjuer via mejl samt två kompletterande semistrukturerade intervjuer är grunden för empirin. Empirin har analyserats utifrån tidigare relevant forskning om sociala mediers effekt på unga kvinnor samt hur samhället ser på en hälsosam kropp. Undersökningen utgår från relevant teori angående hur media upprätthåller "tunnhetsidealet" i samhället, samt hur en kropp bör se ut för att vara attraktiv. För att så tydligt som möjligt redovisa resultaten har respondenternas svar delats upp i tre olika teman. I undersökningens analysavsnitt diskuteras  och besvaras frågeställningarna som hela undersökningen bygger på. Undersökningen avslutas med en slutdiskussion där resultaten, problematiken och frågeställningarna diskuteras. I slutdiskussionen lägger jag även fram förslag för tidigare forskning inom samma ämne. / A study about how pictures on social media affects young women´s self-image is a candidate thesis aimed to investigate how young women are affected by images they see in social media.The purpose is to investigate if women´s age has a influence in how one perceives these images. The study arises from a qualitative approach where interviews via e-mail and two independent interviews are the basis of empirical data. Empirical data has been analyzed on the basis of previous relevant research absout social medias effect on young women and how society looks on a healthy body. The study is based on relevant theory on how media maintain thinness ideal in society and how the body should look to be attractive. I have then divided the respondents answers into three different themes to clarify the results for the reader. In the analysis section is the question at issue discussed and answered.The study concludes with en final discussion where the results, problems and issues are discussed. The final discussion of this thesis finishes with proposals for future research in the same field.

Anxiety for adverse health effects attributed to dental restorative materials especially dentalamalgam, have been discussed extensively off and on the last 30 years. The possible health effect ofamalgam and health effect of replacements of amalgam, have been extensively studied but theresults are inconclusive and the etiology of the reactions are not entirely elucidated. Furthermore,the question of psychological influence on symptoms attributed to dental restorative materials hasbeen raised and need further examination. The aims of this thesis were to describe the change in health over time for patient with symptomsattributed to their dental materials and to determine whether replacement of their dentalrestorative materials had any impact on their perceived health. Furthermore, to determine anddescribe the personality, self-image, level of psychological symptoms and stress among thesepatients and compare the results with those of healthy controls. Finally, to evaluate regression ofLichenoid Contact Reactions and Oral lichen Planus after replacement of the dental materials. A questionnaire was mailed to 614 patients that had been referred to the School of Dentistry, Umeå,Sweden with symptoms attributed to dental materials. Among these patients a subgroup with orallichen also underwent a clinical examination at follow-up. The result showed that patients with complex symptoms had a more unfavorable long-termprognosis concerning persistent complaints than those with local symptoms only. The oralsymptoms had decreased between baseline and follow-up and the general symptoms had increased.The increase in general symptoms was contradictory since many patients experienced healthimprovement after removal of their dental restorative materials. Concerning personality thepatients was characterized mainly by high persistence and by high fatigability and asthenia as wellas psychosocially learned high self-acceptance. Regarding self-image, both patients with LocalSymptoms Only and patients with Multi Symptoms, scored significantly higher on "spontaneous"and "positive self-image" than the reference group. The Multi symptoms group scored significantlyhigher on psychological symptoms compared to the reference group. However, the Local symptomsgroup did not differ from the references. The remission of oral lesions was after an exchange ofdental materials was seen to a greater extent in patients with Lichenoid Contact Reaction than inpatients with Oral Lichen Planus. Regarding psychological parameters, there were no significantdifferences between the groups. In conclusion symptoms related to dental restorative materials seem to be multi-factorial wheredental, medical, social, and psychological factors may be involved. Patient with complex symptomshave a more unfavorable prognosis than patient with local symptoms only. Patient with symptomsself-related to their dental materials may feel improvement in general health after an exchange ofdental materials. The group of patients seems to represent personalities that could be vulnerable inthe demanding modern society, and the various mental and somatic symptoms can be interpretedas attributed to dental fillings. Patients with Local Symptoms or Multi Symptoms are equalconcerning self-image, they are impulsive with an elevated positive self-image, that can result indifficulties in setting limits. Thus in combination with high demands may result in mental stress.The Multi Symptoms group was more psychologically stressed than the group with Local SymptomsOnly and the references. Therefore, before an exchange of dental materials is commenced inpatients with oral lichenoid lesions, a correct diagnosis is needed.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Tratar sobre dimensões vivenciais que envolvem o adoecimento cutâneo é indispensável em uma sociedade onde as pessoas vivem sujeitas às pressões quanto à: modelos socioculturais, preocupações com crenças e valores e imposições estéticas, podendo assim sofrer distorções em sua autoimagem corporal e autoestima. Refletindo sobre a teoria de adaptação de Roy quanto à singularidade do ser humano para reagir, aprender e se adaptar na sua convivência no mundo, consigo e com os outros, indaga-se: quais são as repercussões do acometimento cutâneo na vida das pessoas? Assim, formulou-se o objeto de estudo - Repercussões do acometimento de afecções cutâneas na vida das pessoas. Teve-se como objetivos propor uma perspectiva de cuidar em enfermagem compatível com as necessidades humanas de pessoas com alteração de autoimagem e autoestima devido a afecções dermatológicas; identificar as características sociodemográficas e clínicas das pessoas com afecções dermatológicas; analisar a dimensão imaginativa de pessoas referente à sua convivência com afecções dermatológicas, destacando seus sentimentos quanto à autoimagem e à autoestima. Este trabalho se insere no Grupo de Pesquisa Concepções teóricas para o cuidar em saúde e enfermagem - CNPq, na Linha de pesquisa Fundamentos filosóficos, teóricos e tecnológicos do cuidar em saúde e enfermagem e no projeto denominado A perspectiva estética/sociopoética do cuidar em enfermagem: identificando necessidades de autocuidado para promoção da saúde da Bolsa de Produtividade em Pesquisa CNPq, período 2011-2014, e da Bolsa de Professor Visitante da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Escolheu-se como referencial teórico metodológico a sociopoética e as técnicas de pesquisa dinâmica do corpo como território mínimo e a narrativa da lenda da beleza. O Grupo-Pesquisador, (GP) dispositivo analítico da sociopoética foi composto por 18 clientes da Enfermaria de Dermatologia do Hospital Universitário Pedro Ernesto, que desenvolveram as fases do método sociopoético no período de maio a agosto de 2013. Os dados produzidos foram analisados conforme os estudos sociopoéticos transversal, classificatório e filosófico. No transversal se destacam as categorias - Investindo no cuidado para o autocuidado e o desejo por uma pele íntegra x Imagem corporal elevada. No classificatório, a categoria Percebendo e conhecendo a afecção dermatológica x Descuidado consciente com o corpo. No estudo filosófico, destacam-se as categorias: comprometimento da autoimagem frente às repercussões da afecção dermatológica e a beleza existente no ser humano amado. Os resultados permitiram responder a questão inicialmente formulada e alcançar os objetivos propostos. Conclui-se que, a sociopoética como uma construção coletiva revelou-se, nesta pesquisa, como uma importante ferramenta tanto no cuidar/educar/pesquisar em enfermagem como na abordagem humanista aos clientes com afecções dermatológicas. Sendo assim, ao analisar a dimensão imaginativa referente à convivência das pessoas com a enfermidade citada, esta dissertação contribuiu para uma ampliação da perspectiva da imagem e estima das mesmas, na tentativa de possibilitar o desenvolvimento do cuidado de enfermagem cada vez mais próximo ao cliente por meio da interação e do diálogo. / Dealing with experiential dimensions, which involve skin disease, is essential in a society where people live subject to pressures regarding: sociocultural models, concerns about values and beliefs and aesthetic impositions and can therefore suffer distortions in their body self-image and self-esteem. Reflecting on Roy's adaptation theory as the uniqueness of the human being to react, learn and adapt in their coexistence in the world, with themselves and others, asks themselves: what are the repercussions of skin conditions in people's lives? Thus formulated, this was the object of study - The Impact on involvement of cutaneous conditions in people's lives. Had as objective to propose a perspective of nursing care consistent with the human needs of people with changing self-image and self-esteem due to dermatologic diseases; identify the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of people with dermatologic diseases; analyze the imaginative dimension of people referring to their experience with dermatologic diseases, highlighting their feelings regarding self-image and self-esteem. This work is part of the Research Group theoretical Concepts for the caring in nursing and health care CNPq. In search Line philosophical Foundations, theoretical and technological of caring in nursing and health care and the project called the prospect aesthetics/social poetics of nursing care, identifying needs for self-care for health promotion of Research Productivity Grant CNPq, period 2011-2014, and the Scholarship of Visiting Professor of the State University of Rio de Janeiro. It was chosen as a theoretical and methodological social poetic and the techniques of dynamic search of body as territory minimum and the narrative of the legend of beauty. The Group Researcher (GP), device analytical socio-poetic was composed of 18 customers Infirmary Dermatology, University Hospital Pedro Ernesto, who developed the method socio-poetical phases in the period May to August 2013. The produced data were analyzed according to the studies, transverse, socio-poetical, classificatory and philosophical. In the transversal are highlighted the categories - Investing in care for self-care and the desire for a healthy skin x raised body image. In classification, the category realizing and knowing the dermatological condition x conscious carelessness with the body. In philosophical study, we highlight the categories: Commitment to the impact of self-image towards the dermatological disease and the existing beauty in the beloved human being. The results made it possible to answer the question originally formulated and achieving the proposed objectives. It is concluded that, socio-poetics as a collective construction proved in this research as an important tool for all in care / education / research in nursing as a humanistic approach to clients with dermatologic diseases. Thus, when analyzing the imaginative dimension regarding the coexistence of people with the disease mentioned, this thesis has contributed to a broadening of the perspective image and esteem of the same in an attempt to enable the development of nursing care increasingly closer to the client through interaction and dialog.

108f. / Submitted by Oliveira Santos Dilzaná (dilznana@yahoo.com.br) on 2013-08-29T19:26:25Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_Breno_da_Silva_Carvalho.pdf: 9227353 bytes, checksum: 23c2e4e1918c56847d9098797fe207b3 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Portela(anapoli@ufba.br) on 2013-09-02T17:07:54Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_Breno_da_Silva_Carvalho.pdf: 9227353 bytes, checksum: 23c2e4e1918c56847d9098797fe207b3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-02T17:07:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_Breno_da_Silva_Carvalho.pdf: 9227353 bytes, checksum: 23c2e4e1918c56847d9098797fe207b3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / CAPES / Na presente dissertação, analiso as formas de consumo do equipamento náutico Bahia Marina, situado em Salvador/Bahia, a fim de compreender o uso social que os distintos grupos de consumidores – constituídos por locatários de vagas para embarcação, clientes dos restaurantes e públicos das festas de verão e de música eletrônica – realizam deste espaço. Assim, considero o lazer como atividade mediadora e integrada ao consumo, sendo ambos responsáveis e contribuintes para a construção da autoimagem do ator social moderno, o qual compreende a existência de espaços prévios e nítidos para sua ocupação em cada um dos estratos sociais. A Bahia Marina, por sua vez, reposiciona este sujeito frente à sua rede social, permitindo que ambos – coletivo e indivíduo – renegociem suas normas internas e seus campos de socialização, legitimando a autoimagem construída e permitindo que este indíviduo venha a ser mediante o outro. In this dissertation, I examine critically the consumption at the Bahia Marina’s place, located in the city of Salvador, Bahia State, Brasil, to understand the social use that different consumer groups – such as the renters of ship lots, restaurant goers and the summer parties goers, as well as the people who attend to the electronic music parties – do at this area. Therefore, I assume that the amusement is an activity at the same time intermediary and integrated to the consumption, being both responsible and contribuitive to the construction of the modern social actor’s self-image, who is aware of the existence of clear and predesigned spaces to his occupation in each and every social stratus. The Bahia Marina, by its side, relocates this subject to its social network, allowing both – collectively and individually – renegotiate their intern rules and its socialization fields, legitimating the built self-image and allowing this individual being to become a being through the other. / Salvador

Giorgio Vasari nasceu em 1511, na cidade de Arezzo, Itália. Em 1574, quando morreu, deixou atrás de si uma enorme quantidade de pinturas por toda a Toscana, uma série de empreendimentos arquitetônicos em Florença que realizou para o duque, bem como a obra pela qual talvez seja mais conhecido: o livro das Vite de’più eccelenti architetti, pittori e scultori italiani da Cimabue insino a tempi nostri descritte in lingua toscana da Giorgio Vasari pittore Aretino con una sua utile e necessaria introduzione a le arti loro (As vidas dos mais excelentes arquitetos, pintores e escultores italianos de Cimabue até os nossos tempos descritas em língua toscana por Giorgio Vasari pintor aretino com uma introdução útil e indispensável para as diferentes artes). Tão impressionante quanto o sucesso de sua carreira, são a quantidade e a variedade de registros sobre si mesmo que Giorgio Vasari foi capaz de produzir. Hábil também como escritor, registrou uma autobiografia como pintor e arquiteto, que julgou pertinente inserir na segunda edição de seu livro, além de um diálogo em que explica a decoração do Palazzo Vecchio. Também guardou cuidadosamente o registro de boa parte de suas encomendas, e deixou uma série de papéis esparsos que seus descendentes reuniriam com orgulho no chamado Zibaldone, em que estariam preservadas as invenzione do cavaliere Giorgio Vasari. Conhecedor e amante das artes, como se apresenta não apenas em sua autobiografia, mas ao longo de todas as Vite, detinha os meios técnicos necessários para realizar os ciclos decorativos internos das duas casas que adquiriu com o sucesso de sua carreira. Uma em Arezzo, sua cidade natal, a outra em Florença, local de sua realização profissional. Nesses ciclos expressou, ainda que de forma menos evidente do que os padrões contemporâneos exigem, e sempre limitado pelas convenções de sua época, o entendimento que tinha de si mesmo e de sua trajetória. Nesse trabalho, dedico-me a analisar essa documentação deixada por Vasari, procurando os traços de sua descrição de si mesmo, e tentando entender seus limites, suas possibilidades, suas inovações e suas motivações. Procuro compreender esse material a partir de um horizonte de expectativas individual do próprio Vasari, relacionando-o ao contexto de possibilidades que se abriam ao artistas durante esse período do qual ele não apenas fez parte, mas também ajudou a construir conceitualmente para a disciplina histórica: o Renascimento. No primeiro capítulo tento entender os limites dentro dos quais operava sua autorrepresentação escrita recorrendo a fontes mais antigas. A análise dessa figuração retórica através do texto aparece no segundo capítulo, em que realizo o comentário mais extenso de seus escritos. Essa tarefa bipartida é condensada no terceiro capítulo, em que procuro delimitar sua representação pictórica através de exemplos anteriores e contemporâneos, antes de realizar a análise do material vasariano propriamente dito. / Giorgio Vasari was born in 1511 in the town of Arezzo, Italy. In 1574, when he died, he left behind a huge amount of paintings throughout Tuscany, a series of architectural projects in Florence wich he performed for the Duke, and the work for which is perhaps best known: the book of the Vite de’più eccelenti architetti, pittori e scultori italiani da Cimabue insino a tempi nostri descritte in lingua toscana da Giorgio Vasari pittore Aretino con una sua utile e necessaria introduzione a le arti loro (The lives of the most excellent italian architects, painters and sculptors from Cimabue to our times described in the Tuscan language by Giorgio Vasari aretine painter with a useful and indispensable introduction to the different arts). As impressive as the success of his career, is the quantity and the variety of records about himself that Giorgio Vasari was able to produce. Also skilled as a writer, he recorded an autobiography as a painter and architect, wich he judged appropriate to insert in the second edition of his book, as well as a dialogue in which explains the decoration of the Palazzo Vecchio. He also kept carefully the record of most of his works, and left a number of scattered papers that his descendants proudly gathered in the so-called Zibaldone, in wich would be preserved the invenzione of Cavaliere Giorgio Vasari. Connoisseur and lover of the arts, as he presents himself not only in his autobiography, but all over the Vite, he held the technical means to carry out the internal decorative cycles of the two houses he acquired with the success of his career. One in Arezzo, his hometown, the other in Florence, site of his professional achievement. These cycles expressed, albeit in a less obvious way than contemporary standards require, and always limited by the conventions of his time, his understanding of himself and his career. In this work, I dedicate myself to examine this documentation left by Vasari, looking for traces of his description of himself, and trying to understand its limits, possibilities, innovations and motivations. I try to understand this material from a perspective of Vasari‟s individual expectations, but also relating it to the context of possibilities that opened to artists during this period in which not only he took part, but also helped to form conceptually for the historical discipline: the Renaissance. In the first chapter I try to understand the limits within which Vasari operated his written self-representation using older sources. The analysis of this rhetoric figuration through the text appears in the second chapter, in which I render the more extensive review of his writings. This bipartisan task is condensed in the third chapter, in which I try to delineate his pictorial representation through previous and contemporary examples before performing the analysis of Vasari material itself.

En quête d'efficacité et d'influence, tout candidat aux électionsprésidentielles tente de se fabriquer et de donner à voir une image de soi conformeaux attentes des électeurs concernant le profil d'un futur chef d'État. Cette imagede soi séduisante construite à travers le discours, appelée ethos en rhétorique, faitpartie intégrante de l'argumentation au même titre que ses autres composantes, àsavoir le logos et le pathos. Le discours politique, en tant que porteur d'importantsenjeux, est le terrain de construction identitaire par excellence.Ce travail explore les stratégies communicatives dans l'activitéargumentative qu'est le débat politique télévisé. Les données sont constituées parle face à face télévisé du 2 mai 2007 entre Nicolas Sarkozy et Ségolène Royal, àla veille du deuxième tour des élections présidentielles françaises.Je me propose dans ce travail de dégager les règles et les mécanismes surlesquels repose la fabrication d'une image de soi télévisuelle par les praticiens dela persuasion que sont les hommes et les femmes politiques, afin de parvenir àleurs fins. Les outils langagiers dont les deux adversaires se servent lors du dueltélévisé en question ici, pour nous servir une image de soi conforme au modèleprésidentiel « idéal » sont analysés un par un. Ainsi, ayant une meilleureconnaissance des coulisses de la rhétorique audiovisuelle, l'électeur-téléspectateurdevient maître de sa décision et responsable de son choix, et apprend à se méfierdes sentiments et des impressions que lui inspirent les praticiens de la persuasion. / In search of effectiveness and influence, every candidate who stands forpresidential elections attempts to create and give to the audience a self-imageconsistent with the elector's expectations concerning a future head of state'sprofile. This attractive self-image created through discourse, called ethos inrhetoric, is an integral part of argumentation, as well as its other components,logos and pathos. Political discourse, as a vector of important stakes, constitutesthe ground of identity construction par excellence.This work explores communication strategies in argumentation activity,and particularly in televised political debate. The data is constituted by thetelevised face to face of the 2nd of May 2007 between Nicolas Sarkozy andSégolène Royal, at the eve of the second ballot of the French presidentialelection.What I propose in this work is to draw up the rules and mechanisms thatgovern the making of one's televised self-image by politicians, spin doctors, inorder to achieve their ends. I propose to analyse, one by one, the linguistic toolsthat the two opponents use in order to give the audience a self-image consistentwith an ideal presidential model, during the televised duel that we're studyinghere. In this way, having a better knowledge of what goes on behind the scenesof audiovisual rhetoric, the elector-televiewer becomes master of his decisionand has the control of his choice and learns to beware of feelings andimpressions inspired by the professionals of persuasion.

MATOS, Teresa Cristina Furtado. Rádios Comunitárias: sintonia dissonante e auto-imagem. 2006. 238f. – Tese (Doutorado) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Programa de Pós-graduação em Sociologia, Fortaleza (CE), 2006. / Submitted by Márcia Araújo (marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2014-01-22T13:17:47Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2006-TESE-TCFMATOS.pdf: 2320094 bytes, checksum: 3781b9de13f01f1cfdb5c82ae007bb45 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Márcia Araújo(marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2014-01-22T13:45:25Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2006-TESE-TCFMATOS.pdf: 2320094 bytes, checksum: 3781b9de13f01f1cfdb5c82ae007bb45 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-01-22T13:45:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2006-TESE-TCFMATOS.pdf: 2320094 bytes, checksum: 3781b9de13f01f1cfdb5c82ae007bb45 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / The present work evaluates the struggle found within the field of community radios in relation to the meaning of what a “community radio” is. Beginning with the category “self-image”, considered as a relational construct, the process of community radios’ image built-up is discussed considering its relationship to several segments and social concerns. The research is directed mainly towards the community radios’ universe in the city of Fortaleza, Ceara, and aims at understanding the struggle environment considering a long course approach extending from the founding movement of community radios that took place in 1980 in the city to present day bringing it closer to the development path of the mass media in Brazil. / O presente trabalho analisa o conflito existente no campo da radiofonia comunitária em torno dos sentidos do que seja uma “emissora comunitária”. A partir da categoria “auto-imagem”, entendida como uma construção relacional, se discute o processo de formulação da imagem das rádios comunitárias, considerando sua relação com diversos segmentos e interesses sociais. A pesquisa se centra, principalmente, no universo de emissoras comunitárias da cidade de Fortaleza-CE, e busca compreender o ambiente de disputas numa perspectiva de longo curso, desde a fundação do movimento de rádios comunitárias na cidade, que ocorre a partir dos anos 1980, até hoje, aproximando-o da trajetória de desenvolvimento dos meios de comunicação no Brasil.

In the thesis there is described increasing importance of quality and quality management. One of the conception of quality management is Total quality management. The european method of TQM is the Excelence model EFQM. It´s an instrument for complex control of quality. The thesis describes an aplication of the model in ČSÚ and compares the results, which has the organization reached till 2002.