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Tai pirmasis darbas lietuvių kalbotyroje, kuriame sinchroniniu ir diachroniniu aspektu aprašoma semantinė latvių kalbos vietos prieveiksmių struktūra. Darbą sudaro įvadas ir penkios tiriamosios dalys. Pirmojoje dalyje aprašoma semantinė bendrinės latvių kalbos vietos prieveiksmių semantinė struktūra. Antrojoje – bendrinės latvių kalbos vietos prieveiksmių inventorius lyginamas su dviejų latvių kalbos šnektų (Kalnienos ir Svetciemo) vietos prieveiksmių inventoriais. Remiantis gautais rezultatais įrodoma, kad pasirinktų šnektų vietos prieveiksmių semantinė struktūra nesiskiria nuo bendrinės latvių kalbos. Trečiojoje darbo dalyje aprašoma XVI–XVII a. latvių kalbos tekstų vietos prieveiksmių semantinė struktūra. Ketvirtoje dalyje atkuriami rytų baltų prokalbėje vartoti vietos prieveiksmiai ir semantinė jų struktūra. Remiantis rekonstruota rytų baltų prokalbės vietos prieveiksmių sistema ir XVI–XVII a. semantiniu vietos prieveiksmiu aprašu, paskutinėje, penktojoje, darbo dalyje bandoma nustatyti, kokie sistemos pokyčiai įvyko ikirašytiniu laikotarpiu. / This is the first study in Lithuanian linguistics in which semantic structure of Latvian adverbs of place in the synchronic and diachronic aspect is described. Dissertation consists of introduction and five parts of research. The first part semantically systemizes standard Latvian adverbs of place. In the second, inventory of standard Latvian adverbs of place are compared to inventories of adverbs of place of two Latvian subdialects (Svētciems subdialect and Kalniena subdialect). Due to the results, it is proved that semantic structure of adverbs of place of selected subdialects does not differ from standard Latvian. The third part depicts semantic structure of adverbs of place of XVI–XVII c, confirming present system of the language. The fourth part reconstructs adverbs of place used in Proto-East Baltic language and their semantic structure. On the basis of the reconstructed system of adverbs of place of Proto-East Baltic language and semantic inventory of adverbs of place of XVI–XVII c, the last, the fifth part attempts to define what the alterations were in the system in the pre-written period.

Tai pirmasis darbas lietuvių kalbotyroje, kuriame sinchroniniu ir diachroniniu aspektu aprašoma semantinė latvių kalbos vietos prieveiksmių struktūra. Darbą sudaro įvadas ir penkios tiriamosios dalys. Pirmojoje dalyje aprašoma semantinė bendrinės latvių kalbos vietos prieveiksmių semantinė struktūra. Antrojoje – bendrinės latvių kalbos vietos prieveiksmių inventorius lyginamas su dviejų latvių kalbos šnektų (Kalnienos ir Svetciemo) vietos prieveiksmių inventoriais. Remiantis gautais rezultatais įrodoma, kad pasirinktų šnektų vietos prieveiksmių semantinė struktūra nesiskiria nuo bendrinės latvių kalbos. Trečiojoje darbo dalyje aprašoma XVI–XVII a. latvių kalbos tekstų vietos prieveiksmių semantinė struktūra. Ketvirtoje dalyje atkuriami rytų baltų prokalbėje vartoti vietos prieveiksmiai ir semantinė jų struktūra. Remiantis rekonstruota rytų baltų prokalbės vietos prieveiksmių sistema ir XVI–XVII a. semantiniu vietos prieveiksmiu aprašu, paskutinėje, penktojoje, darbo dalyje bandoma nustatyti, kokie sistemos pokyčiai įvyko ikirašytiniu laikotarpiu. / This is the first study in Lithuanian linguistics in which semantic structure of Latvian adverbs of place in the synchronic and diachronic aspect is described. Dissertation consists of introduction and five parts of research. The first part semantically systemizes standard Latvian adverbs of place. In the second, inventory of standard Latvian adverbs of place are compared to inventories of adverbs of place of two Latvian subdialects (Svētciems subdialect and Kalniena subdialect). Due to the results, it is proved that semantic structure of adverbs of place of selected subdialects does not differ from standard Latvian. The third part depicts semantic structure of adverbs of place of XVI–XVII c, confirming present system of the language. The fourth part reconstructs adverbs of place used in Proto-East Baltic language and their semantic structure. On the basis of the reconstructed system of adverbs of place of Proto-East Baltic language and semantic inventory of adverbs of place of XVI–XVII c, the last, the fifth part attempts to define what the alterations were in the system in the pre-written period.

This essay studies the semantic structure of the noun dog with the help of qualia structure and adjectives that collocate with the noun. It also evaluates the idea of qualia structure and how well it works in studying the semantic structure of nouns. More specifically, the aim of this paper is to see how the information contained by the noun dog could be structured in terms of qualia structure. On a more general level the aim is also to evaluate, and add to, the idea of qualia structure as such. In order to accomplish this aim the top 100 adjectives that collocate with the noun dog were searched for in the COCA corpus (Corpus of Contemporary American English). The results were that with the help of qualia structure and some adjectives that collocate with the noun, it was possible to posit some substructures for the noun dog and create a tree that gave an overview of the semantic structure of the noun. However, some problems arose during the process making it clear where qualia structure needs improvement. This led to the discussion of the evolution of qualia structure and where the idea could be, and perhaps should be headed in the near future.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(情報学) / 甲第18614号 / 情博第538号 / 新制||情||95(附属図書館) / 31514 / 京都大学大学院情報学研究科知能情報学専攻 / (主査)教授 河原 達也, 教授 黒橋 禎夫, 教授 鹿島 久嗣 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Informatics / Kyoto University / DFAM

(in English): The objective of the thesis is to give a definition of passive perspective and to describe how passive perspective can be expressed in modern French. Follows an analysis of French passive constructions in different types of texts from various communicative fields. As the thesis reveals, the expression of passive perspective in modern French is not limited to periphrastic passive. Passive perspective can be expressed also by reflexive passive, secondary passive constructions se faire, se laisser and se voir and by nominal passive. The analysis showed that these means of expression of passive perspective can be found in both journalistic and specialized texts.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T13:31:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Luiz do Nascimento Carvalho.pdf: 3045437 bytes, checksum: 2240758da770c4d49ff3e31809b329ed (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-06-10 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / This study examines the issue of military police violence in Goiás (2000-2011), emphasizing the problem of how articulate the experience of losing loved ones in violent actions of police officers and the search for an understanding of such events with appeal Semantic available indirectly victimized by people in situations of murder or disappearance of persons. To analyze these situations, is adopted as the theoretical notion of the Semantic Structure of Consciousness (ESC) of L. S. Vygotsky (1896-1934), inspired by his search for the constitution of a monistic theory of consciousness that relates intellect (cognition) and affection. The analysis focused on the content of three sources: a) newspapers, b) lawsuits filed in the Commission on Human Rights and Participative Legislation Legislative Assembly of the State of Goiás, c) Minutes of the public hearing held in the first half of 2006, in order to discuss the problem of police violence d) documents with records of verbal reports that narrate the events experienced directly or indirectly by the deponents. The results show that from the point of view of the search for understanding of what happened, there is a tendency in testimony to a fatalistic conception that sees the target in the form of law taleão, centered on the notion of debt. Regarding configuration of suffering expressed in the interviews, the notion of debt also appears in the definition of death of an innocent, which, combined with the certainty of impunity when it comes to human justice, produce the deponents different expressions of suffering. These expressions largely linked to the shape of the event, whether murder or "disappearance" as well as the position - active or passive - of respondents in relation to events, resulting in the expression of grief for the loss. The implications for the discussion of the problem of the relationship between consciousness and affection are discussed / O presente estudo analisa o tema da violência policial militar em Goiás (2000-2011), enfatizando o problema do modo como se articulam a experiência de perda de entes queridos em ações violentas de policiais militares e a busca de compreensão de tais eventos com os recursos semânticos presentes na consciência dos que foram vitimados indiretamente em situações de assassinato ou desaparecimento de pessoas. Para analisar essas situações, é adotado como aporte teórico a noção de estrutura semântica da consciência (ESC) de L. S. Vigotski (1896-1934), inspirado na sua procura pela constituição de uma teoria monista da consciência, que relacione intelecto (cognição) e afeto. A análise centrou-se sobre o conteúdo de jornais impressos, processos arquivados na Comissão de Direitos Humanos e Legislação Participativa da Assembleia Legislativa do Estado de Goiás, ata de audiência pública realizada no primeiro semestre de 2006, que objetivou discutir o problema da violência policial, documentos com registros de relatos verbais de acontecimentos vivenciados direta ou indiretamente pelos depoentes. Os resultados revelam que, do ponto de vista da apreensão das ocorrências, há uma tendência, nos depoimentos de pessoas vitimadas indiretamente, a uma concepção fatalista que concebe o destino conforme a forma de lei de talião, centrado na noção de dívida. Em relação à configuração do sofrimento expresso nos depoimentos, a noção de dívida também comparece, em um sentido negativo, na definição de morte de um inocente, que, aliado à certeza da impunidade em se tratando da justiça humana, produzem nos depoentes diferentes expressões de sofrimento. Essas expressões em grande medida vinculamse à forma do acontecimento, se assassinato ou desaparecimento , bem como na posição ativa ou passiva dos depoentes em relação aos acontecimentos. A produção de sentido e a localização dos depoentes no tecido social impactam na forma de expressão do luto pela perda. As implicações para a discussão do problema da relação consciência e afeto são discutidas

This thesis deals with jokes and gender as social meaning. Here gender identity is regarded as one kind of social meaning. The gender identity of the individual is produced in interaction with other persons and is also conditioned by cultural codes. Of particular interest is how social identity is constituted by linguistic means. This is discussed using a model of indexicality, i.e. how linguistic features index one or more dimensions of the social context. Especially the indirect and constitutive relations between language and gender are discussed in terms of stances, acts and activities. In this context the speech act joking is seen as an example of a male gender constituent. A second theoretical angle consists of introducing some linguistic theories of humour and applying them to two empirical materials. The first material consists of audiovisual recordings of school pupils’ group discussions with no adult leader present. The pupils work with the same task, both in unisexual and mixed groups. The study focuses on describing how the speakers present suggestions of their own, and respond to the suggestions of others. The suggestions have lent themselves to being grouped into three categories: serious suggestions, playful suggestions, and joking suggestions. Identifying jokes in conversation can be difficult; thus four criteria for joke identification are applied: intention, structure, reaction and convention. Two types of structural criteria are used: semantic and rhetorical. The second material consists of a questionnaire administered to university students, which asks whom the informant apprehends as funny. A general tendency in the answers is that men only mention men, while women single out both women and men. Another tendency is that few women are found in the answers of the questions concerning the mass media, while women mention many funny women in the questions about their own everyday experiences. In this study it is argued that language use not only reflects our place in culture and society but also helps to constitute that place. Women and men encounter different cultural codes, and thus their performance of different speech acts also differs. This has an impact on the speakers’ social identity, one of which is gender identity.

Only two percent of new books released in Germany are professionally edited for visually impaired people. However, more and more print publications are made available to the public in digital formats through online content delivery platforms like “libreka!”. The automatic conversion of such contents into DAISY would considerably increase the number of publications available in accessible formats. Still, most data available on “libreka!” is published as non-tagged PDF. In this paper, we examine the potential for automatic conversion of “libreka!”-based content into DAISY, while also analyzing the potentials and limitations of current conversion tools.

Only two percent of new books released in Germany are professionally edited for visually impaired people. However, more and more print publications are made available to the public in digital formats through online content delivery platforms like “libreka!”. The automatic conversion of such contents into DAISY would considerably increase the number of publications available in accessible formats. Still, most data available on “libreka!” is published as non-tagged PDF. In this paper, we examine the potential for automatic conversion of “libreka!”-based content into DAISY, while also analyzing the potentials and limitations of current conversion tools.