De första timmarna efter födseln ska en rad åtgärder, viktiga för såväl kvinnan som det nyfödda barnet, utföras. Den nyblivna familjen lämnas ofta innan dessa åtgärder är slutförda.  Förbättringsarbetets syfte var att skapa bättre förutsättningar för god eftervård på förlossningsavdelningen under barnets första två–tre levnadstimmar. Studiens syfte var att efter förbättringsarbetet undersöka personalens erfarenheter av förbättringsarbetet och av att ostört arbeta klart med den omedelbara eftervården Förbättringsarbetet utfördes med hjälp av 5p, Nolans förbättringsmodell och sensemaking-aktiviteter. Studiens gruppintervjuer analyserades med kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Andelen kvinnor som fick ha ostörd personal kvar ökade. Kvinnornas upplevelser av den omedelbara eftervården förbättrades liksom medarbetarnas bedömning om rimlig arbetsbelastning. Andelen barn som ammat ökade. Den kvalitativa intervjustudien visade att arbetssättet upplevdes ha betydelse för patientsäkerhet och arbetstillfredsställelsen. Sensemaking-aktiviteterna hade skapat förståelse för syftet med förbättringsarbetet.  Att ostört arbeta vidare med den omedelbara eftervården gav ökat värde för kvinnan och för barnet.  Personalens arbetstillfredsställelse ökade. Det krävs arbete för att påminna om när anpassningar mellan kvalitet och effektivitet är nödvändiga. Sensemaking är verkningsfullt för att skapa förståelse för förändring men metoden är tidskrävande. / In the first hours after birth, a number of measures, important for both the woman and the newborn, must be performed. The new family is often left alone before these measures are completed.  The aim was to create better conditions for good postpartum care during the child's first 2-3 hours of life. The aim of the study was to examine the staff's experiences of the improvement work and of working undisturbed with the immediate postpartum care.  The improvement work was carried out with the help of 5p, Nolan's improvement model and sensemaking activities. The study's group interviews were analyzed with qualitative content analysis. The proportion of women who were allowed to keep undisturbed staff increased. The women's experiences of immediate postpartum care were improved, as was the employees' assessment of a reasonable workload. The proportion of children who breastfed increased. The interviews showed that the working method was perceived to be important for patient safety and job satisfaction. The sensemaking activities reminded of the importance of postpartum care.  Being able to work undisturbed with the immediate postpartum care increased value for both the woman and the newborn. It also improved job satisfaction for the staff. Efforts are needed to remind when adjustments between quality and efficiency are necessary. Sensemaking is effective in creating motivation for change, but the method is time-consuming.

Restaurangbranschen i Sverige har blivit hårt drabbat av pandemin covid-19 vilket gjort att många restauranger varit tvungna att genomföra nedskärningar. Det har medfört att många individer blivit arbetslösa. Sensemaking uppstår när individer försöker förstå meningen bakom en upplevelse som har inträffat. Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur medarbetare inom restaurangbranschen skapar mening i samband med nedskärningar för att ta reda på vilka faktorer som har en påverkan på individens sensemaking. Studien har primärt använt sig av Karl Weicks (1995) teori gällande de sju principerna av sensemaking som teoretiskt ramverk men även relevanta forskningsstudier om nedskärningar i restaurangbranschen och sensegiving. Det empiriska underlaget utgår från åtta genomförda semistrukturerade intervjuer med anställda inom restaurangbranschen som har blivit uppsagda under pandemin. Genom att använda sig av en tematisk analys på det empiriska materialet har det hittats samband och olikheter mellan respondenterna svar som utformat teman som exempelvis kommunikation, tidigare erfarenheter, ryktesspridning, hantering av nedskärning och relationer. Studiens resultat visar på att respondenterna skapat sin sensemaking i samband med nedskärningarna genom att förlita sig sina tidigare erfarenheter, interaktioner med andra i sin omgivning och individens egen självuppfattning. Påverkande faktorer har bestått av ekonomiskt stöd, familj och vänner, självkänsla och individens tidigare erfarenheter. Slutsatsen är att individernas sensemaking påverkats negativt av organisationsstrukturen, chefers agerande och avsaknaden av den interna kommunikationen som finns inom restaurangbranschen. Studien belyser att bristande faktorer inte verkar prioriteras, dock uppkommer det en svårighet att bedöma det då studien utgår från ett medarbetarperspektiv. Trots de bristande faktorerna som identifierats är det de andra faktorer som blir mer påtagliga och utgör grunden i individens sensemaking-process. / The restaurant industry in Sweden has been hit hard by the pandemic covid-19, which has meant that many restaurants have had to make cuts. As a result, many individuals have become unemployed. Sensemaking occurs when individuals try to understand the meaning behind an experience that has occurred. The purpose of the study is to investigate how employees in the restaurant industry create meaning in connection with cuts to find out which factors have an impact on the individual's sensemaking. The study has primarily used Karl Weick's (1995) theory regarding the seven principles of sensemaking as a theoretical framework but also relevant research studies on cuts in the restaurant industry and sensegiving. The empirical data is based on eight completed semi-structured interviews with employees in the restaurant industry who have been laid off during the pandemic. By using a thematic analysis of the empirical material, connections and differences have been found between the respondents' answers that has shaped themes such as communication, previous experiences, rumors, handling of cuts and relationships. The results of the study show that the respondents created their sensemaking in connection with the cuts by relying on their previous experiences, interactions with others and the individual's own self-perception. Influencing factors have consisted of financial support, family and friends, self-esteem, and the individual's previous experiences. The conclusion is that the individuals' sensemaking was negatively affected by the organizational structure, the actions of managers and the lack of internal communication that exists in the restaurant industry. The study highlights that the lack of factors does not seem to be prioritized, however, there is a difficulty in assessing it as the study is based on an employee perspective. Despite the lack of factors identified, it's the other factors that become more apparent and form the basis of the individual's sensemaking process.

Denna studie visar hur både sensemaking och berättelser tjänar som verktyg för att ge fördjupad förståelse för de implikationer som digitalisering innebär för moderna organisationer och därigenom samspelet mellan organisering och digitalisering. Berättelser bidrar med en djupare förståelse för hur sensemaking konstrueras och struktureras i en organisation under digital transformation. Sensemaking och berättande visar hur organisationen konstruerar olika förändringsbilder av digitalisering, hur dessa fluktuerar, samt vad detta kan innebära för organisationens arbete med detta. / This study shows how both sensmaking and storytelling serve as a tool for providing in-depth understanding of the implications that digitalization entails for modern organizations and thereby the interaction between organizing and digitization. Stories contribute with a deeper insight of the way in which sensmaking is constructed and structured within an organization undertaking digital transformation. Sensemaking and storytelling show how the organization portrays various change images of digitization, the way these fluctuate, and what implications they may pose for organizations.

I början av 2020 påverkade Covid-19-pandemin hela vårt samhälle och satte flertalet branscher i svåra situationer. Folkhälsomyndigheten införde tillsammans med regeringen olika begränsningar för offentliga och privata sammankomster i Sverige, vilket drabbade eventbranschen särskilt hårt. Åtgärderna tvingade svenska eventorganisationer att skjuta upp, ställa in eller tänka om utförandet av dess event vilket resulterade i en stor förändring och påverkan av branschen. Men under början av 2022 kom beslutet att häva de flesta restriktionerna i samhället och de event managers som fortfarande arbetade inom branschen fick möjlighet att reflektera över de upplevelser de varit med om under denna kris. Studien syftar till att studerar hur event managers rationaliserat sina upplevelser under Covid-19-pandemin. Upplevelserna analyseras genom ramverket av Weicks teori om sensemaking, som beskrivs som en process av sju ”egenskaper”. Dessa om hur individer förstår och skapar mening av komplexa samt osäkra situationer, för att finna positiva effekter av pandemin. Genom 14 semistrukturerade intervjuer med verksamma individer inom eventbranschen ger studien en djupgående bild över dess upplevelser under Covid-19. Slutsatsen som dras i studien är att event managers har rationaliserat sina upplevelser under Covid-19 genom Weicks teori om sensemaking och genom denna process har de funnit positiva effekter av krisen. Vidare visas att alla delar av processen är viktiga för att kunna skapa mening i en osäker situation som Covid-19-krisen var. Studien ger dessutom ett nytt positivt perspektiv på Covid-19-pandemins effekter och bidrar med reflektion kring hur eventbranschen påverkats. Studien är skriven på svenska. / In early 2020, the Covid-19 pandemic took over our entire society and put most industries in a difficult position. The Swedish Public Health Agency, together with the government, introduced various restrictions on public and private gatherings in Sweden, which particularly affected the event industry. The measures forced Swedish event organizations to postpone, cancel planned events or think about new ways to create value, which resulted in a major change and impact on the industry. However, in the beginning of 2022, a decision was made to have most of the restrictions removed in the society and the event managers who worked in the industry had the opportunity to reflect back on the experiences they had during this crisis. This essay studies how event managers rationalized their experiences during the Covid-19 pandemic. The experiences are analyzed through the framework of Weick's theory of sensemaking, which is described as a process of seven “properties” around how individuals understand and create meaning of complex and uncertain situations, this to find positive effects of the pandemic. The study provides an in-depth picture of event managers' experiences of Covid-19 as a crisis through 14 semi-structured interviews with individuals working in the event industry. The conclusion drawn in this study is that event managers have rationalized their experiences during Covid-19 through Weick's theory of sensemaking and through this process they have found positive effects of the crisis. Furthermore, the study shows that all parts of the process are important in order to be able to create meaning in an uncertain situation such as the Covid-19 crisis. The study also provides a new positive perspective on the effects of the Covid-19 pandemic and contributes with reflection on how the event industry has been affected. The study is written in Swedish.

Avec une mondialisation omniprésente, les études sur l’aspect interculturel des organisations deviennent de plus en plus d’actualité et fascinent les chercheurs comme les praticiens. Notre étude suit donc cette voie et porte sur la construction du sens de l’expérience interculturelle au sein d’une entreprise multinationale. Nous avons cherché à comprendre, d’un point de vue interprétatif, comment les acteurs construisent le sens des caractères multinationaux et interculturels de l’entreprise, à travers leurs expériences au sein d’une multinationale québécoise. La recherche existante discute les aspects culturels et communicatifs tels que le contexte, la langue et le flux de message, identifiés par E.T. Hall (Hall, 1976, 1990) comme centraux dans la problématique générale de la communication interculturelle. Nous avons cependant abordé ces mêmes aspects depuis la perspective de la théorie du sensemaking (Weick, 1995) en nous centrant sur les points de vue des acteurs et de leurs expériences. Sur la base d’entrevues en profondeur, la recherche montre que, bien qu’il soit fortement valorisé par tous les interviewés, l’aspect interculturel n’a pas été profondément intégré dans les pratiques communicatives de tous les jours, comme nous aurions pu le croire. Néanmoins, cet aspect exerce une influence réelle et considérable pour certains employés, comme les gestionnaires des ressources humaines et des relations publiques, due essentiellement à la nature même de leurs fonctions. Les résultats suggèrent également que l’aspect interculturel est vécu de manière fort différente selon l’identité qui est attachée à l’organisation. Cette dernière est en effet parfois considérée comme (1) une organisation « locale », c’est-à-dire en référence à son origine québécoise, comme (2) une organisation multinationale, en référence aux interactions entre les parties de l’organisation dispersées dans le monde entier, et enfin (3) comme une firme étrangère du point de vue des acteurs des pays hôtes. Dans les trois cas les enjeux interculturels pour les acteurs varient considérablement tout comme, en conséquence, le sens qui est accordé à cet aspect de l’organisation. Mots-clés : Expérience interculturelle, organisation multinationale, théorie du sensemaking, communication interculturelle. / As globalization expands, the intercultural dimensions of organizations and organizational communication draw more and more scholars and practitioners’ attention. Along these lines, this study describes how managers of a multinational organization make sense of their intercultural experiences in everyday work life and their views on the intercultural aspect of the company, using an interpretive perspective. Current research identifies a number of themes as central to intercultural communication: context, message flux and language (Hall, 1976, 1990). This study revisits these constructs from the standpoint of the theory of sensemaking developed by Karl E. Weick (1995), on the basis of which managers’ accounts of their daily experiences of intercultural communication are examined. From interview data, the study shows how the issue of interculturality, although regarded as important and as a valuable asset of the organization, is not consequential for the daily communication practices of most managers in the case under study. It is however quite influential for HR and PR management because of the very nature of their activities. Results also suggest that the intercultural dimension of a multinational organization is experienced in slightly different ways depending on the framing of the organization’s identity. From the standpoint of its region or country of origin, the organization is framed as “local” and domestic. From the perspective of its many relations with its divisions around the world, the organization’s identity tends to be framed as “multinational” and, finally, from the standpoint of the host country, the organization’s identity is framed as “foreign”. These framings are consequential for the definitions and meanings of intercultural communication managers make out of the intercultural dimension of the organization. Keywords: intercultural experiences, intercultural communication, sensemaking, multinational organization.

Dans cette thèse de doctorat, le sujet de la transformation de démarches de prévention des risques psychosociaux en outils de la préservation de la santé au travail est abordé sous le prisme des théories de l’auto-détermination et du sensemaking. Cette recherche consiste en une étude qualitative de différentes organisations publiques dans lesquelles des démarches de prévention des risques psychosociaux ont été mises en place et à la collecte et à l’analyse quantitative de 1373 questionnaires administrés aux employés d’une organisation publique. Les résultats obtenus soulignent le rôle de l’action créatrice de sens, de la motivation autonome et de la satisfaction des besoins d’autonomie, d’affiliation et de compétence comme des variables cruciales de la réussite de démarches de prévention de risques psychosociaux et de la mise en place de mécanismes de prévention primaire. La satisfaction des besoins d’autonomie, d’affiliation et de compétence joue aussi un grand rôle dans la réalisation du bien-être au travail. Cette recherche présente donc des apports théoriques nouveaux en gestion des ressources humaines qui peuvent aussi inspirer de meilleures pratiques organisationnelles. / This PhD thesis addresses the issue of the transformation of interventions destined to prevent psychosocial risks into more durable organisational changes that would increase the health and well-being of employees, analysed through the lens of the theories of self-determination and of sensemaking. This research consists in a qualitative case study of different public organisations in which such interventions have been conducted, and in the quantitative analysis of 1373 surveys collected in one public organisation. The results of this research highlight the importance of sensemaking, of autonomous motivation and satisfaction of the three fundamental needs for autonomy, relatedness and competence as major variables for the success of interventions for the prevention of psychosocial risks. Furthermore, helping their employees to fulfil their needs for autonomy, relatedness and competence is also linked to an increase in their well-being. This research introduces a new theoretical frame that can both benefit the academic field of human resources management and organisational practices.

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Made available in DSpace on 2015-02-24T20:17:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AndreLBS_DISSERT.pdf: 2336976 bytes, checksum: 8dfd6a3f335c142b16fcc2ff38debedf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-10-07 / The generation of direction, sensemaking, is the process where the actors start to perceive the events around them establishing and creating meanings in their actions that they play daily. At the moment where they happen the interactions in a net business-oriented between the actors are that sensemaking is generated. A business-oriented example of a relationship net is the work developed for the Committee of Associations and Regional Cooperatives of Handcraft of Serid? - CRACAS. This organization, with headquarters in the city of Caic? - Rio Grande of North exists with the objective to manage the net of craftsmen of the region of the norteriograndense Serid?. The present inquiry had as objective generality to understand the generation of sensible of the activities carried through for the organizational, inserted actors in the CRACAS in Caic?/RN, directed toward the use of the resources in its daily business-oriented. The specific objectives had been) To identify the resources used for the organizational actors of the CRACAS; b) To apprehend the way for which the craftsmen play activities directed toward the control and use of the available resources in its environment business-oriented; c) To identify the role played for the organizational actors (craftsmen) in its business-oriented daily activities; d) To understand as the organizational actors of the CRACAS they generate sensible of its business-oriented activities and finally e) To verify the principles that guide the interactions of the craftsmen. Of this process of empirical inquiry, the methodology used in the inquiry consisted of a Study of Case in the CRACAS and the seven Associations of the Embroidering it. It was concluded that sensemaking happens during the accomplishment of the activity as during the confection of the products. In accordance with craftsman the financial resources do not come from the CRACAS. One evidenced that the seven cities of the business-oriented embroidering interact as a net of the handcraft and that it exists a lack of resources and infrastructure in the associations / A gera??o de sentido, sensemaking, ? o processo onde os atores organizacionais come?am a perceber os eventos ao seu redor estabelecendo e criando significados nas a??es que desempenham em seu cotidiano. No momento em que acontecem as intera??es em uma rede de neg?cios entre os atores ? que o sensemaking ? gerado. Um exemplo de uma rede de relacionamento de neg?cios ? o trabalho desenvolvido pelo Comit? de Associa??es e Cooperativas Regionais de Artesanato do Serid? - CRACAS. Essa organiza??o, com sede na cidade de Caic? - Rio Grande de Norte existe com o objetivo de administrar a rede de artes?os da regi?o do Serid? norteriograndense. A presente investiga??o teve como objetivo geral compreender a gera??o de sentido das atividades realizadas pelos atores organizacionais, inseridos no CRACAS em Caic?/RN, voltadas para a utiliza??o dos recursos em seu cotidiano de neg?cios. Os objetivos espec?ficos foram a) Identificar os recursos utilizados pelos atores organizacionais do CRACAS; b) Apreender a maneira pela qual os artes?os desempenham atividades voltadas para o controle e utiliza??o dos recursos dispon?veis em seu ambiente de neg?cios; c) Identificar o papel desempenhado pelos atores organizacionais (artes?os) em suas atividades cotidianas de neg?cios; d) Compreender como os atores organizacionais do CRACAS geram sentido de suas atividades de neg?cios e por fim e) Verificar os princ?pios que norteiam as intera??es dos artes?os. Nesse processo de investiga??o emp?rica, a metodologia utilizada na investiga??o consistiu-se em um Estudo de Caso no CRACAS e nas sete Associa??es das Bordadeiras filiadas a ele. Concluiu-se a gera??o de sentido acontece durante a realiza??o da atividade como a confec??o dos produtos. De acordo com as artes?s os recursos financeiros n?o prov?m do CRACAS. Constatou-se que os sete munic?pios do bordado interagem como uma rede de neg?cios do artesanato e que existe uma car?ncia de recursos e infraestrutura nas associa??es

Cette recherche est consacrée à l’étude des dynamiques permettant de transformer des idées abstraites en innovations concrètes. Notre perspective stratégique vise à comprendre les mécanismes qui sont à l’œuvre lorsqu’il s’agit d’évaluer le potentiel des idées, d’organiser les ressources et de conduire le processus de passage de l’idée au projet d’innovation. Une idée abstraite devient une innovation concrète à travers un mouvement collectif de réalisation. Ce mouvement n’est possible que quand les acteurs parviennent à donner du sens à leur engagement. Ce postulat nous conduit à adopter une approche sociocognitive qui met le processus de construction de sens au cœur de l’analyse. Pour étudier un processus concret d’émergence de l’innovation, notre cadre conceptuel et méthodologique mobilise essentiellement la construction collective de sens de Weick, la sociologie de la traduction de Callon et Latour, et l’analyse processuelle de Pettigrew. Cette grille combine d’autres travaux moins répandus jusqu’à maintenant dans le management de l’innovation : la noologie de Morin, la philosophie de la technique de Simondon et l’ethnotechnologie de Gaudin. L’investigation empirique consiste en l’étude de cas d’une innovation majeure au sein de l’entreprise Air Liquide: dix ans de développement des garnissages pour la distillation cryogénique des gaz. L’étude de cas conforte la pertinence de notre approche sociocognitive. Tout particulièrement, elle permet de mettre en évidence deux dynamiques fondamentales et complémentaires dans la construction de sens : traduction et reconnaissance. Ce résultat conduit à tout à la fois remettre en cause et compléter la sociologie de la traduction en la reliant à la théorie de l’état naissant d’Alberoni à travers la « re-co-naissance » comme dynamique collective : plutôt que de se rallier par intérêt bien compris (l’intéressement / la traduction), les acteurs qui constituent le premier noyau actif, comme ceux qui se convertissent plus tard, « se reconnaissent » autour d’une idée dont ils « reconnaissent » ensemble le potentiel innovant et la capacité de transformation et de refondation de l’organisation (re-naissance / reconnaissance). Cette re-conceptualisation ouvre des perspectives théoriques et pratiques nouvelles pour la gestion des processus d’innovation. / This work is devoted to the study of sensemaking in the early stages of the development of innovative ideas. Our strategic perspective aims at understanding the dynamic mechanisms permitting to identify opportunities, to organize resources and to drive processes leading to the launch of innovation projects. We adopt a socio-cognitive view: ideas become innovations as players invest in a collective move, giving sense both to their commitment in the innovative process and to the resulting innovation. Our conceptual framework is based on Weick’s model of Organizational Sensemaking combined with Callon and Latour’s Actor-Network theory, and on Pettigrew’s Processual Analysis methodology. In addition, this conceptual construct articulates some others theories wich are less often seen in innovation management research: Morin’s works on “noology”, Simondon’s technical philosophy and Gaudin’s works on “ethno-technology”. The empirical work is a case study presenting a longitudinal analysis of a major process innovation in Air Liquide, an industrial and medical gaz producer. The main result stemming from the analysis combines two fundamental dynamics for sensemaking in innovation processes: translation and re-co-gnition. Our model thus challenges and extends the Actor-Network theory with Alberoni’s theory of Nascent state. Re-co-gnition is seen as the key mechanism operating in the ignition phase of collective movement: in contrast to transactional coalition building via a negotiated buy-in (translation), the initial players both recognize each other around the idea and recognize the innovative potential of the idea (re-cognition). These results offer a new promising approach for innovation management research and practice.

Nous analysons l’identification des opportunités d’investissement dans le cas spécifique du financement de l’amorçage des firmes porteuses d’innovation. L’absence d’informations pertinentes et objectives au démarrage remet en cause la capacité postulée des investisseurs à évaluer objectivement la rentabilité des firmes entrepreneuriales. Ainsi, nous étudions la vraie stratégie psycho-cognitive sous-jacente à la création du sens autour du potentiel des projets en se focalisant sur un acteur spécifique, le Business Angel (BA). Nous postulons que cet investissement suit un processus de jugement intuitif. L’analyse qualitative des notes d’observation et des entretiens permet de construire un modèle décrivant la manière dont le BA produit in situ de nouveaux construits utiles dans sa perception. Nous mettons aussi en évidence des comportements réflexifs réduisant l’erreur dans sa décision. Ainsi, l’intuition du BA doit être vue comme une réelle approche de transformation situationnelle d’indicateurs à travers des manipulations langagières. Nous offrons une nouvelle perspective dans la compréhension du comportement des capital-risqueurs qui sont susceptibles d’accompagner financièrement les firmes innovantes dès leur phase de démarrage. Nos résultats sont aussi généralisables à des contexte où l’aptitude intuitive devant une source d’efficience décisionnelle. Nous faisons des propositions théoriques qui orienteront les études futures. / We analyze the investment opportunities’s identification in the specific case of the innovative firm financing. The absence of relevant and objective informations at the early stage weaken the investor’s postulated ability inestimating objectively the profitability of the entrepreneurial firms. Then, we study the real cognitivestrategy underlying the sensemaking process around the potential of the projects by focusing on a specific actor, the Business angel (BA). We argue that this investment follows a process of intuitive judgment.The research design is a qualitative inductive approach with data collected by observation and interviews. We build a model of how the BA cognitively interpret the innovative firm’s potential in order to invest. We highlight also cognitive practices in reducting biais and errors during the sensemaking process. The BA’s intuition atearly stage must be viewed as a processus of meaning construction through labelling and speech articulation. This thesis contributes to a better understanding ofventure capitalist behaviors at early stage as well as a better comprehension of how meaning can be created intuitively in uncertain context. Theoretical propositions are made for future researchs.