Rationale: This study was conducted to help improve mental health care for Black and Minority Ethnic (BME) clients as previous research carried out in non-western countries has suggested that western-developed psychotherapies often need to be culturally adapted to become more effective in treating this client group. The aim of this study was to explore how CBT therapists deliver manualised CBT with BME clients and if they make any adaptations, how and to what extent are they implemented. Method: Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) guided the conduct and analysis of one-to-one, semi-structured interviews with six CBT therapists working in an Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT) service. The inclusion criteria for participants was accreditation with the BABCP, completion of an IAPT programme CBT diploma and to be currently working in an IAPT service, at least two years experience as a CBT therapist and at least four cases of completed therapy with BME clients. Findings: Four master themes emerged (1) CBT is based on western principles, (2) The complex nature of CBT, (3) Changing practice of manualised CBT and (4) The influence of therapist factors. Conclusion: The participants experienced many issues in their practice of manualised CBT with BME clients which led them to make changes including adaptations to manualised CBT. They described their current practice as being integrative as they incorporated therapeutic approaches other than pure manualised CBT, making them more flexible and adaptable. The adaptations involved altering the cognitive and behavioural interventions to better suit the individual needs of the client. The adaptations took into account the client’s culture, religion, language, psychological mindedness, acculturation to their host country, education and age. The participants’ confidence in CBT and their self-identity as therapists also influenced their overall practice of therapy. Recommendations for practice are discussed in relation to therapeutic practice, training of therapists, supervision and policy makers.

Denna studie är ett examensarbete som utförs som en del av utbildningen Produktutveckling med inriktning ljusdesign under våren 2018 vid Jönköpings Tekniska Högskola. Studien gjordes för att undersöka hur belysning kan underlätta orientering i mörka utställningsrum, utan att negativt påverka den upplevda atmosfären samtidigt som utställningsföremålen är i fokus för besökarna. Målet är att kunskapen som samlas in från denna studie ska kunna användas för att skapa ett underlag vid planering av belysning på Marinmuseet i Karlskrona. Studien genomfördes först genom en förstudie där problem och förutsättningar för att orientera sig i mörka utställningsrum undersöktes genom en enkät och en observationsstudie på Vasamuseet och Marinmuseet. En huvudstudie genomfördes sedan på Marinmuseet där. Lou Michels teori Visual Objective Theory prövades som ett verktyg för att underlätta orientering i mörka utställningsrum. Huvudstudien genomfördes under två dagar med hjälp av en enkätundersökning och en observationsstudie. Resultatet från enkätstudien antydde att upplevelsen av atmosfär kan påverkas av Visual Objective Theory, dock finns det inget som pekar mot att den påverkas negativt. I övrigt gav enkätstudien inga starka implikationer till en slutsats. Observationsstudien var mer tydlig och gav underlag för att Visual Objective Theory är ett bra verktyg för att påverka besökarnas rörelsemönster. / This study is a thesis performed as a part of the education Product development aligned with Lighting design during the spring 2018 at Jönköping School of Engineering. This study was made to research how lighting can facilitate orientation in dark exhibition rooms, without negatively affecting the experienced atmosphere while at the same time maintaining the exhibition subjects in focus for the visitors. The goal is that the knowledge collected from this study can be used as a basis when planning lighting at the Marine Museum in Karlskrona. The study was first performed through a prestudy where problems and conditions for orienting in dark exhibition rooms was tested with a survey and an observational study at the Vasamuseet and Marinmuseet. A main study was then performed at Marinmuseet, where Lou Michels theory Visual Objective Theory was tested as a tool to facilitate orientation in dark exhibition rooms. The main study was performed during two days, containing a questionnaire and an observational study. The results from the survey implied that the experience of atmosphere can be affected by Visual Objective Theory, however there is nothing implying that the experience is negatively affected. Other than that the results from the survey gave no strong implications for a conclusion. The observational study was clearer and gave support for Visual Objective Theory being a good tool for affecting the visitors movement patterns.

Justificativa: Internações por Condições Sensíveis à Atenção Primária (ICSAP) são utilizadas como medida da efetividade da atenção à saúde e menores taxas estão associadas ao maior acesso à Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS). Poucos estudos utilizam instrumentos que medem a qualidade da APS e seu efeito nas taxas de internações. Esse estudo buscou identificar fatores individuais, contextuais e dos atributos da APS, medidos nas Equipes de Saúde da Família (ESF), associados com a variação das ICSAP. Métodos: Estudo ecológico das taxas de ICSAP e sua associação com as variáveis preditoras na população de Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, entre 2010 e 2013, analisadas por um modelo multinível. Resultados: Do total de 447.500 internações, excluídos os partos, 85.211 foram ICSAP, correspondendo a 19% do total de Internações. Dessas, 50,8% ocorreram em mulheres, 33% em menores de 18 anos, 32% em adultos e 35% em maiores de 60 anos. As taxas padronizadas anuais de ICSAP entre 2010 e 2013, foram maior nos homens (114,5/10.000) que nas mulheres (107,1/10.000). A vulnerabilidade socioeconômica da população está fortemente associada com o comportamento das taxas de internação. O aumento de 10% na população de alto risco ampliou em 4 ICSAP por 10.000 mulheres e em 3 ICSAP por 10.000 homens. Enquanto um aumento de 10% na população de baixo risco, uma redução de 6 ICSAP em mulheres e 5 nos homens, em cada Unidade Básica de Saúde. Nas análises realizadas na população adulta e idosa, para os grupos de doenças agudas e crônicas mais prevalentes nessa faixa etária, o aumento de uma unidade a mais no escore de qualidade da APS, reduz a taxa de ICSAP em 4% ao ano nas mulheres idosas com doenças crônicas. Conclusão: A utilização das ICSAP como medida da efetividade da APS/SF deve ter seu escopo ampliado, incluindo, além das características individuais e dos serviços, as socioeconômicas. Os melhores escores de qualidade da APS tem efeito significativo na redução das taxas de internações por condições crônicas, em mulheres idosas, ao longo dos anos. Como a vulnerabilidade socioeconômica esteve fortemente relacionada ao comportamento das taxas de ICSAP, esses achados reforçam a importância da APS na redução das iniquidades, ao atender uma população idosa e vulnerável, em um contexto de grandes desigualdades, como é o caso dessa metrópole brasileira. / Introduction. Ambulatory Care Sensitive Conditions (ACSC) have been used as a measure of the effectiveness of Primary Health Care (PHC). Few studies have, however, analysed changes in the rates of these hospitalizations using instruments that measure the quality of PHC and its effect on admission rates. This study aimed to identify individual factors, with the variation of ACSC. Methods. Ecological study of ACSC rates and their association with the predictor variables in the population of Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, between 2010 and 2013, analyzed by a multilevel model. Results. Of the total 447,500 admissions, excluding births, 85,211 were ICSAP, corresponding to 19% of total admissions. Of these, 50.8% occurred in women, 33% under 18, 32% in adults and 35% over 60 years. The annual standardized rates ACSC between 2010 and 2013 were higher in men (114.5 /10,000) than in women (107.1/10,000). The socio-economic vulnerability of the population is strongly associated with the trends of hospitalization rates. The 10% increase in high-risk population expanded by 4 and 3 ACSC per 10,000 women and men, respectively. While an increase of 10% in low-risk population, a reduction of 6 and 5 ACSC per 10.000 in women and men in each Basic Health Unit. In the analyzes in adults and the elderly, for most prevalent acute and chronic diseases in this age group, the increase of one more unit in the APS quality score, reduces ICSAP rate of 4% per year in older women with chronic diseases. Conclusion. The PHC best quality scores have significant effect in reducing hospitalization rates for chronic conditions in elderly women over the years. As the socioeconomic vulnerability was strongly related to the behavior of ACSC rates, these findings reinforce the importance of PHC in reducing inequities, particularly in large inequalities contexts, as in the case of a Brazilian metropolis. And reinforce the need to expand the assessment of the scope to use ACSC as a mesure of effectiveness of PHC, considering the individual, services and socio-economic characteristics.

The issue of protecting personal and sensitive datum belongs to one of the topics promoted in media in present. In diploma work I am dealing with protection name and description in health service in connection with the law No.101/2000 Sb. about protection name and description and further law and ethical questions which also concerns medical documentation and obligatory reticence for medical staff. The aim of experimental parts was to find out the informedness, attitudes and views of sample of Czech population about the protection name and description in health service in connection with the law No.101/2000 Sb. Partial the aim was to discover whether there are differences in this problem among laic and vocational public and younger and older generation of our population. I used a quantitative method of research to process experimental parts. To collect useful dates I used a method of questionnaire. This research was done from January to May 2008 and 225 informants from a laic and a vocational public took part in this research. Three defined hypothesis were checked. I think this dissertation could lead to wider discussion about other aspects of protection name and description in health service and help to improved services to informed laic and vocational public not only about the law No. 101/2000 Sb. but also about protection name and description and other questions related to medical documentation as basic sources of personal and sensitive datum of patients.

Melanosome biogenesis is a highly regulated endosomal maturation process wherein structural fibers harbouring immature melanosomes acquires its biosynthetic proteins through the secretory pathway and finally matures into a functional organelle. These processes were shown to be dependent on several cytosolic protein complexes such as AP (adaptor protein)-1, AP-3, BLOC (biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles complex)-1, -2 and -3; in addition to kinesin motor KIF13A and Rab GTPases 7, 32 or 38. Mutations in the subunits of these complexes or Rab38 result into defective melanosome maturation leading to occulocutaneous albinism, a clinical phenotype commonly observed in Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS). Moreover, molecular function of these complexes in regulating the biogenesis of melanosome is partially known. The delivery of cargo to maturing melanosomal membranes requires fusion machinery that includes Rab GTPases, tethering factors and SNARE (soluble N-ethylmaleimide sensitive factor attachment protein receptor) proteins. However, the SNAREs involved in the transport of cargo to melanosomes is poorly understood. In this study entitled as “understanding the SNARE dynamics during melanosome biogenesis” we focus on functional role of endosomal Qa-SNARE protein, Syntaxin 13 (formally called STX12, herein referred to as STX13) in the organelle biogenesis and its transport in and out of melanosome. Moreover, these studies show that STX13-mediated cargo transport require a melanosomal membrane localized R-SNARE VAMP7 and these SNAREs are interdependent on each other in regulating their steady state distribution. In addition, this study illustrated the possible mechanism of SNARE recycling which occurs indirectly through AP-3 complex. Thus, these studies underscore the STX13‟s role in cargo transport to maturating melanosomes and its trafficking routes to and from the melanosomes. Chapter-I describes the literature review on melanosome biogenesis; Chapter-II lists the experimental procedures used in this study and Chapter-III to V focuses on results and discussion, segregated into three sections. Chapter-III: Screening and identification of endosomal SNAREs involved in the trafficking of melanosomal proteins. Our preliminary RNAi screen for SNAREs involved in melanosome biogenesis revealed STX13 as one of the Qa-SNARE affecting pigmentation and cargo transport. STX13, a recycling endosomal SNARE has been reported to interact with pallidin, a subunit of BLOC-1; however the functional role of this interaction in pigment formation is unknown. In addition, previous studies from our lab have shown that STX13 colocalize with endosomal Rab11 and partially with EEA1- or Rab5-positive organelles in melanocytes. Together, these observations insinuated us to characterize the functional role of STX13 in melanosome biogenesis. Upon STX13 inactivation, wild type mouse melanocytes showed hypopigmentation due to mistargeting of cargo such as TYRP1 and TYR to lysosomes. Knockdown of STX13 dramatically decrease the population of immature and mature melanosomes. Moreover, STX13 associate with the melanosome cargo on endosomal tubular structures. In addition, deletion of regulatory domain in STX13 increases the cargo transport to melanosomes due to its increased SNARE activity. This is possibly due to loss in intracellular regulation of SNARE occur through multiple factors such as SM (Sec1p/Munc18) proteins. Together this data suggests that STX13 mediates cargo transport to melanosomes from recycling endosomes. Chapter-IV: Functional characterization of the SNAREs involved in melanosomal maturation. Several in vitro studies have shown that a set of four SNAREs such as Qa, Qb, Qc (or Qbc) and R control the membrane fusion event duing the cargo transport. Additionally, this process is further regulated by SM proteins in in vivo. Electron microscopic studies in melanocytes have shown that melanosomal proteins were delivered to the melanosomal membrane through recycling endosomal tubular domains. Moreover, our RNAi screen show that STX13 possibly acts as Qa-SNARE in mediating the fusion events between melanosomal membranes and the endosomal tubular or vesicular intermediates. However, the role of other SNAREs for this membrane transport is unknown. It has been shown that the expression of VAMP family SNAREs such as VAMP3, VAMP7 and VAMP8 increased with melanogenesis upon differentiation of melanoma cells. VAMPs belong to the class of R-SNAREs, in which VAMP7 is known to interact with VARP (abbreviation) and AP-3 (mediates the trafficking of TYR) separately, and these molecules are known to regulate the cargo transport to melanosomes. However, the precise role of VAMP7 in pigment granule maturation is unknown. Therefore, we set out to characterize the functional role of VAMP7 in melanosome biogenesis. VAMP7 has been shown to localizes to multiple sub-cellular compartments and regulate the several transport steps in other cell types. Our study found that GFP-epitope tagged either human or rat VAMP7 localize to melanosomes at steady state in wild type mouse melanocytes. Knockdown of VAMP7 causes hypopigmentation of melanocytes and misroutes the cargo to lysosomes. Further, the inactivation of VAMP7 in melanocytes phenocopies the STX13 depletion, suggesting both the SNAREs are required for the melanosome biogenesis. In addition, knockdown of STX13 target the VAMP7 to lysosomes; while inactivation of VAMP7 affect the localization of STX13 to recycling tubular structures. Subsequently, the dominant active mutants of STX13 were not able to rescue the pigmentation or cargo transport defects in VAMP7 knockdown melanocytes. Together, the data suggests that STX13 functions from recycling endosomes and VAMP7 on melanosome membrane for the transport of cargo to melanosomes Chapter-V: Understanding the mechanism of STX13 recycling during melanosome biogenesis. At steady state, SNAREs are localized to the membranes of specific organelles where they mediate or regulate the membrane fusion. During this process, three or two Q-SNAREs on one membrane (in a trans-SNARE complex, possibly formed by Qa, Qb, Qc or Qbc) interact with a R-SNARE on another member to form a SNAREpin complex. Post-fusion, SNAREs are disassembled by SNAP and NSF proteins and then recycled back to the original compartment for next round of fusion. Here, we address the mechanism of post-fusion recycling of STX13 from melanosomes to endosomes. Previous studies have shown that STX13 mislocalize to melanosomes in AP-3-deficient melanocytes, suggesting a role for AP-3 in recycling the SNARE from melanosomes. Bioinformatic analysis of the N-terminal region of STX13 revealed the presence of two canonical adaptor binding motifs 3YGP6L and KETNE80L81L, resembling the tyrosine-based (YXXø) and dileucine-based motif [DE]XXXL[LI], recognized by several adaptor proteins. Point mutagenesis of these motifs in STX13 had no effect on their steady state distribution indicating that STX13 possibly uses non-canonical residues for its recycling. Further, deletion of the N-terminal region (either 1-129 or 14-129 aa) in STX13 redistributes the SNARE to melanosomes. Moreover, the activity and the trafficking of recycling defective STX13 mutants are dependent on another HPS complex, BLOC-2 and the SNARE, VAMP7. Absence of 1-129 region in STX13 or mutations in the subunits of AP-3 perturbs the steady state localization of STX13 suggesting an indirect role for AP-3 in recycling of STX13 to endosome via non canonical motifs present in its 1-129 aa region.

This study investigates the experiences of the inhabitants of the lower region of the São Francisco River Basin, which has been badly affected by changes in the behaviour of the river in recent decades. An attempt was made to find out about the daily lives of these people who are mostly fishermen and masters of vernacular boats, by having conversations with them and observing their everyday lives. With regard to the construction sites, special attention was given to the dockyards which are makeshift buildings on the waterfront and designed to support the activities carried out there. The theory of drift, as well as the production of a log book and conceptual objects, served as methodological tools that could be applied to convey and interpret the atmosphere of the place. This made it possible to adapt to a scene that was so different from the academic world, while at the same time, influencing the way that the dissertation was undertaken. Thus, a narrative about the riverside environment was guided by a confrontation between oral history and the observations and interpretation made by the researcher of the features outlined in the familiar landscape of the workers on the river bank and subsequently explored through cartographic reflections. The study was supplemented by a desconstruction of the traditional map in the concept of the rhizome, where smooth and striated spaces were key features. In a time when a good deal of discussion has centred on the intangible heritage, experience of the riverside activities has made it possible to broaden our ideas about the sphere of architecture so that other ways of building and appropriating habitable space can be disclosed. The adoption of this category was the means best suited to approach this malleable world which is changeable and does not always allow a survey of the daily life of the riverside to be carried out with tangible and fixed items. The study concludes with the design of a map that seeks to add a further support to what is provided by the narrative of the dissertation. / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O presente trabalho versa sobre experiências de habitar ribeirinho coletadas no Baixo São Francisco, região atualmente muito fragilizada pelas mudanças no comportamento do rio ocorridas nas últimas décadas. Buscou-se as histórias do cotidiano através da fala desses habitantes, em sua maioria pescadores e mestres de embarcações, mas também observá-los na sua vivência. No que tange aos espaços edificados, uma atenção especial foi dada aos estaleiros, autoconstruções nas margens do rio, que servem de apoio para as atividades ali desenvolvidas. O procedimento da deriva, bem como a produção de diário de bordo e objetos conceituais, se apresentaram como as ferramentas metodológias passíveis de captar e traduzir a atmosfera do lugar, auxiliando na sintonização com um universo tão distinto do acadêmico, ao passo em que também influenciaram a forma como a dissertação foi construída. Assim, uma narrativa sobre o ambiente ribeirinho foi guiada pelo embate da história oral com o olhar e interpretação da pesquisadora, desenvolvida a partir de elementos recortados da paisagem cotidiana dos trabalhadores do rio, e posteriormente explorada através de reflexões cartográficas. Elas foram marcadas por uma desconstrução do mapa tradicional, na qual os conceitos de rizoma, espaço liso e estriado foram chave. Em tempos em que a discussão do patrimônio imaterial ganha relevo, a vivência com os ribeirinhos permitiu ampliar noções concernentes ao âmbito da arquitetura, descortinando outras formas de construir e apropriar o “espaço habitado”. Esta categoria foi a que melhor se adequou para abordar esse universo maleável, mutável e nem sempre aferido com marcos tangíveis e fixos, que é o do cotidiano ribeirinho. O trabalho se conclui com a construção de um mapa que busca deslizar para um outro suporte o que a narrativa da dissertação apresentou.

Justificativa: Internações por Condições Sensíveis à Atenção Primária (ICSAP) são utilizadas como medida da efetividade da atenção à saúde e menores taxas estão associadas ao maior acesso à Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS). Poucos estudos utilizam instrumentos que medem a qualidade da APS e seu efeito nas taxas de internações. Esse estudo buscou identificar fatores individuais, contextuais e dos atributos da APS, medidos nas Equipes de Saúde da Família (ESF), associados com a variação das ICSAP. Métodos: Estudo ecológico das taxas de ICSAP e sua associação com as variáveis preditoras na população de Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, entre 2010 e 2013, analisadas por um modelo multinível. Resultados: Do total de 447.500 internações, excluídos os partos, 85.211 foram ICSAP, correspondendo a 19% do total de Internações. Dessas, 50,8% ocorreram em mulheres, 33% em menores de 18 anos, 32% em adultos e 35% em maiores de 60 anos. As taxas padronizadas anuais de ICSAP entre 2010 e 2013, foram maior nos homens (114,5/10.000) que nas mulheres (107,1/10.000). A vulnerabilidade socioeconômica da população está fortemente associada com o comportamento das taxas de internação. O aumento de 10% na população de alto risco ampliou em 4 ICSAP por 10.000 mulheres e em 3 ICSAP por 10.000 homens. Enquanto um aumento de 10% na população de baixo risco, uma redução de 6 ICSAP em mulheres e 5 nos homens, em cada Unidade Básica de Saúde. Nas análises realizadas na população adulta e idosa, para os grupos de doenças agudas e crônicas mais prevalentes nessa faixa etária, o aumento de uma unidade a mais no escore de qualidade da APS, reduz a taxa de ICSAP em 4% ao ano nas mulheres idosas com doenças crônicas. Conclusão: A utilização das ICSAP como medida da efetividade da APS/SF deve ter seu escopo ampliado, incluindo, além das características individuais e dos serviços, as socioeconômicas. Os melhores escores de qualidade da APS tem efeito significativo na redução das taxas de internações por condições crônicas, em mulheres idosas, ao longo dos anos. Como a vulnerabilidade socioeconômica esteve fortemente relacionada ao comportamento das taxas de ICSAP, esses achados reforçam a importância da APS na redução das iniquidades, ao atender uma população idosa e vulnerável, em um contexto de grandes desigualdades, como é o caso dessa metrópole brasileira. / Introduction. Ambulatory Care Sensitive Conditions (ACSC) have been used as a measure of the effectiveness of Primary Health Care (PHC). Few studies have, however, analysed changes in the rates of these hospitalizations using instruments that measure the quality of PHC and its effect on admission rates. This study aimed to identify individual factors, with the variation of ACSC. Methods. Ecological study of ACSC rates and their association with the predictor variables in the population of Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, between 2010 and 2013, analyzed by a multilevel model. Results. Of the total 447,500 admissions, excluding births, 85,211 were ICSAP, corresponding to 19% of total admissions. Of these, 50.8% occurred in women, 33% under 18, 32% in adults and 35% over 60 years. The annual standardized rates ACSC between 2010 and 2013 were higher in men (114.5 /10,000) than in women (107.1/10,000). The socio-economic vulnerability of the population is strongly associated with the trends of hospitalization rates. The 10% increase in high-risk population expanded by 4 and 3 ACSC per 10,000 women and men, respectively. While an increase of 10% in low-risk population, a reduction of 6 and 5 ACSC per 10.000 in women and men in each Basic Health Unit. In the analyzes in adults and the elderly, for most prevalent acute and chronic diseases in this age group, the increase of one more unit in the APS quality score, reduces ICSAP rate of 4% per year in older women with chronic diseases. Conclusion. The PHC best quality scores have significant effect in reducing hospitalization rates for chronic conditions in elderly women over the years. As the socioeconomic vulnerability was strongly related to the behavior of ACSC rates, these findings reinforce the importance of PHC in reducing inequities, particularly in large inequalities contexts, as in the case of a Brazilian metropolis. And reinforce the need to expand the assessment of the scope to use ACSC as a mesure of effectiveness of PHC, considering the individual, services and socio-economic characteristics.

Submitted by Elisa Gallo (liugallo@hotmail.com) on 2015-09-03T22:03:16Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ELISA GALLO -DISSERTAÇÃO_Final-corrigida pós-defesa.pdf: 1655721 bytes, checksum: a3ed897f4799910645f8c1309d54ea4d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Auxiliadora da Silva Lopes (silopes@ufba.br) on 2015-09-14T16:02:13Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 ELISA GALLO -DISSERTAÇÃO_Final-corrigida pós-defesa.pdf: 1655721 bytes, checksum: a3ed897f4799910645f8c1309d54ea4d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-09-14T16:02:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ELISA GALLO -DISSERTAÇÃO_Final-corrigida pós-defesa.pdf: 1655721 bytes, checksum: a3ed897f4799910645f8c1309d54ea4d (MD5) / Capes / O tema desta dissertação situa-se no campo da Docência Universitária, investigando a construção da profissionalidade docente de licenciandos(as) em Biologia, Física e Química da Universidade Federal da Bahia. Tivemos como objetivo geral compreender o papel de professores dos Institutos específicos na construção da profissionalidade docente dos(as) licenciandos(as) em Biologia, Física e Química, através de suas mediações, seus saberes pedagógicos e lúdico-sensíveis. Para tanto, investigamos suas mediações com o foco na atuação destas sobre a construção da profissionalidade docente desses licenciandos, como seus saberes pedagógicos aparecem em suas práticas e discursos, qual o conceito de ludicidade para esses docentes, como saberes lúdico-sensíveis aparecem em suas práticas pedagógicas e discursos. Apresentamos o quadro da formação dos professores do Ensino Superior no Brasil, e mais especialmente dos professores de Ciências Naturais. Tratamos dos saberes pedagógicos e das relações com esses saberes dentre os professores universitários. Seguimos conceituando os saberes lúdico-sensíveis e destacando sua importância na Educação e na formação de professores. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa com alguns dados quantitativos. Trabalhamos com questionários, observações de aulas e entrevistas, e todo o material foi interpretado a partir da análise temática. A licenciatura em Química apresentou impacto mais consistente na construção da profissionalidade docente, com maior preocupação com a formação para a docência e menor peso da Pedagogia Tradicional, transmissiva. Os professores do curso de Biologia participam dessa construção mesclando aspectos da Pedagogia Tradicional e de linhas pedagógicas mais atuais e construtivistas. Já no curso de Física, os docentes ainda apresentam uma forte marca da linha tradicional em suas práticas, e sinalizaram que os professores das disciplinas pedagógicas são os responsáveis por ensinar a ensinar. Todos valorizam a ludicidade e os saberes lúdico-sensíveis, mas poucos professores conseguem desenvolvê-los com consistência. Diante de tanto, vemos um grave problema na ausência de formação pedagógica específica para docentes do Ensino Superior, e de correlações substanciais entre os conhecimentos e saberes específicos das Ciências Naturais e os das Ciências Educacionais, conduzindo a inconsistência nas relações estabelecidas com os saberes específicos exigidos pela atividade docente. / Abstract The subject in this dissertation lies on University Teaching, investigating the construction of the teaching professionalism of Biology, Physics and Chemistry graduates at Federal University of Bahia (UFBA). As a general objective we had to understand the role of the teachers from the specific Institutes on the construction of the teaching professionalism from the graduates in Biology, Physics and Chemistry by their mediation, pedagogic and ludic-sensitive knowledge. Therefore, we investigated their mediation focusing on how those mediations act over the teaching professionalism of these graduates, how their pedagogic knowledge emerge in their practise and speech, what is the concept of ludic for these teachers, how the ludic-sensitive knowledge emerge in their practise and speech. We presented the situation of the formation of university teachers in Brazil, especially the Natural Science Teachers. We treated about the pedagogic knowledge and about how university teachers deal with this knowledge. After that we conceptualized the ludic-sensitive knowledge and highlighted its importance in Education and in the formation of university teacher. This is a qualitative research using some quantitative data. We worked with questionnaires, observation of classes and interviews and the material was interpreted from the thematic analysis. The teaching graduation in Chemistry presented a more consistent impact in the construction of a teaching professionalism, focusing more on teaching formation and less on the Traditional Pedagogy. The Biology teachers participate on this construction using both aspects from the Traditional Pedagogy and more actual and constructivist orientation. On the other hand, the Physics teachers still present a strong traditional orientation in their practise and signalized that the teachers responsible for pedagogic subjects are also responsible for teaching how to teach. All teachers gave importance to ludic and to ludic-sensitive knowledge, but only a few teachers can develop this knowledge consistently. Taken that picture, we identify the lack of specific pedagogic formation to university teachers and the lack of substantial correlation between the Natural Science and Educational Science knowledge as a critical problem, conducting to inconsistent relations with the specific knowledge of teaching activity.

Dans ce travail, nous avons étudié le mécanisme d'émission de la partie optiquement active du complexe luciférine-luciférase. Ce système bioluminescent est largement utilisé dans un très grand nombre d'approches bioanalytiques. Ce phénomène naturel résulte en l'émission de lumière visible (vert-jaune-rouge) à partir du photoproduit : l’oxyluciférine. Une des hypothèses couramment admise pour expliquer le mécanisme d’émission de l’oxyluciféreine fait intervenir un équilibre complexe entre six espèces chimiques, mais le détail exact du mécanisme reste à élucider. Les principales conclusions présentées ici repose sur l'identification des six formes chimiques de l’oxyluciférine impliquées dans le mécanisme d'émission de fluorescence et la caractérisation d’un point de vu dynamique du transfert de proton à l’état excité. Ces résultats ont été obtenus par l'étude des propriétés optiques de différents analogues structuraux de l’oxyluciférine dans un tampon aqueux. Différent techniques de spectroscopie (état stable et résolue en temps) et des approches chimiométriques ont été appliquées pour étudier ce mécanisme d'émission. En outre, les propriétés photophysiques de l’oxyluciférine en complexe avec l'enzyme luciférase (Luciola cruciata) ont été étudiées également en milieu aqueux. En parallèle, les dérivés présentant des propriétés d’émission sensibles à l’environnement ont été utilisés pour visualiser l'interaction entre biomolécules. En particulier, nous avons démontré que l’oxyluciférine peut être utilisée pour cartographier le pH intracellulaire à l'aide de la microscopie de fluorescence dans des cellules vivantes. Avec l'aide d'un autre dérivé de l'oxyluciférine nous avons été en mesure de caractériser l'interaction entre une protéine du VIH-1 et des séquences d'oligonucléotide au moyen de mesures ratiométriques. Enfin, nous avons développé une approche basée sur le marquage de résidus cystéine pour suivre, in vitro, l'interaction protéine-protéine. / In this work, we investigated the emission mechanism of the optically active part of the firefly luciferin-luciferase complex. This bioluminescent system is widely used in bioanalytical assay. This amazing natural phenomenon results in the emission of visible light (yellow-green-red) from the photoproduct Oxyluciferin. This color tuning mechanism involves six chemical species, but their active involvement in the excited state proton transfer (ESPT) mechanism was poorly understood so far. One of the main finding presented here relies on the identification of six chemical forms of Oxyluciferin involved in the color tuning fluorescence emission mechanism. This result was obtained by studying the optical properties of different structural analogues of firefly Oxyluciferin in aqueous buffer. Different spectroscopic (steady state and time-resolved) and chemometric approaches have been applied to reveal the emission mechanism. In addition, the photophysical properties of Oxyluciferin in complex with the Luciferase enzyme Luciola cruciata have been studied in aqueous buffer as well. In parallel, derivatives displaying environment sensitive emission were used to monitor biomolecular interactions. In particular, we demonstrated that Oxyluciferin can be employed to map intracellular pH by using fluorescence microscopy within living cells. With the help of another Oxyluciferin derivative we were able to monitor the interaction between a HIV-1 protein and different oligonucleotide sequences by means of ratiometric measurements. Finally we develop an approach based on cysteine labeling to monitor in vitro protein-protein interaction.

abstract: Dietary diversity is an important component of species’s ecology that often relates to species’s abundance and geographic distribution. Additionally, dietary diversity is involved in many hypotheses regarding the geographic distribution and evolutionary fate of fossil primates. However, in taxa such as primates with relatively generalized morphology and diets, a method for approximating dietary diversity in fossil species is lacking. One method that has shown promise in approximating dietary diversity is dental microwear analyses. Dental microwear variance has been used to infer dietary variation in fossil species, but a strong link between variation in microwear and variation in diet is lacking. This dissertation presents data testing the hypotheses that species with greater variation in dental microwear textures have greater annual, seasonal, or monthly dietary diversity. Dental microwear texture scans were collected from Phase II facets of first and second molars from 309 museum specimens of eight species of extant African Old World monkeys (Cercopithecidae; n = 9 to 74) with differing dietary diversity. Dietary diversity was calculated based on food category consumption frequency at study sites of wild populations. Variation in the individual microwear variables complexity (Asfc) and scale of maximum complexity (Smc) distinguished groups that were consistent with differences in annual dietary diversity, but other variables did not distinguish such groups. The overall variance in microwear variables for each species in this sample was also significantly correlated with the species’s annual dietary diversity. However, the overall variance in microwear variables was more strongly correlated with annual frequencies of fruit and foliage consumption. Although some variation due to seasonal and geographic differences among individuals was present, this variation was small in comparison to the variation among species. Finally, no association was found between short-term monthly dietary variation and variation in microwear textures. These results suggest that greater variation in microwear textures is correlated with greater annual dietary diversity in Cercopithecidae, but that variation may be more closely related to the frequencies of fruit and foliage in the diet. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Anthropology 2015