<div> Here, the quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) is employed to explore the interaction of the various free oxidant species with condensed PA model membranes in order to improve our understanding of how the interaction with these species affects rates of membrane chlorination and alter membrane structure. Molecular-scale mass uptake and changes in the dissipative nature of the of the model membranes as measured by the QCM is correlated to performance changes in interfacially polymerized PA reverse osmosis (RO) membranes. Leveraging newly gained insights from these measured interactions, new strategies are explored to improve flux and chlorine resistance using novel membrane structure and chemistry.<br></div>

Bakgrund: I Sverige vårdas ungefär 10% av de barn som föds på en neonatalavdelning. Inom neonatalvården är familjecentrerad omvårdnad väl etablerad där barnsjuksköterskan har en central roll i att arbeta med hela familjen. Många av de inneliggande barnen på en neonatalavdelning har äldre syskon. Flera neonatalavdelningar har under perioder haft tillfälliga besöksrestriktioner för syskon på grund av risk för smitta. Syfte: Att beskriva barnsjuksköterskans upplevelser av att vårda familjer på en neonatalavdelning där syskon inte fått vistas på grund av tillfälliga besöksrestriktioner. Metod: Kvalitativ metod med induktiv ansats användes. Semistrukturerade intervjuer utfördes med sju barnsjuksköterskor. Data analyserades med kvalitativ manifest innehållsanalys. Resultat: Analysen av insamlad data resulterade i tre kategorier: Besöksrestriktionernas negativa inverkan på föräldrars situation, Besöksrestriktionernas inverkan på barnsjuksköterskans arbetegentemot familjen samt att arbeta med hela familjen i centrum. Barnsjuksköterskorna upplevde att de tillfälliga besöksrestriktionerna för syskon medförde en stress hos föräldrarna, en känsla av otillräcklighet hos specialistsjuksköterskorna samt att den familjecentreradeomvårdnaden blev svår eller omöjlig att erbjuda. Slutsats: Barnsjuksköterskan upplevde att föräldrar, barnsjuksköterskor samt den familjecentrerade omvårdnaden påverkades negativt av de tillfälliga besöksrestriktionerna för syskon. En familjecentrerad omvårdnad är gynnsam för hela familjen, vilket bör tas hänsyn till vid framtidabeslut angående tillfälliga besöksrestriktioner för syskon. / Background: Approximately 10% of children born in Sweden are cared for in a neonatal unit. Familycentered care is well established in neonatal care, where the pediatric nurse has a central role in working with the whole family. Many of the children cared for in the neonatal units has older siblings. Several neonatal units have, during periods of time, had temporary visitation restrictions for siblings due to the risk of infection. Purpose: To describe the pediatric nurse's experiences of caring for families in a neonatal unit where siblings have not been allowed to stay during temporary visitation restrictions. Method: This study has a qualitative design with inductive approach. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with seven pediatric nurses. Data were analyzed with qualitative manifest content analysis. Result: The analysis of the collected data resulted in three categories The negative impact of visitation restrictions on parents' situation, The impact of the visit restrictions on the pediatric nurse's work with the family. The pediatric nurses experienced that temporary visitation restrictions for siblings led to stress among the parents, a feeling of insufficiency among the specialist nurses and that family-centered care became difficult or impossible to offer. Conclusion: The pediatric nurses experienced that parents, pediatric nurse´s and family-centered care were negatively affected by the temporary visitation restrictions for siblings. Family-centered care is beneficial for the whole family, which should be considered in future decisions concerning temporary visitation restrictions for siblings.

Generating an adverse pressure gradient (APG), using a rotating cylinder in the proximity of a plane wall under a laminar freestream flow, is studied numerically in this work. The magnitude of the generated APG is a function of the gap, G, between the cylinder and the wall, and the rotational speed of the cylinder, Ω. The flow in such a configuration is characterized by periodic transient vortex shedding at high Reynolds number. A numerical model for the computation of the transient flow for this configuration is developed using the ANSYS CFD simulation tool. The model is validated against published experimental and numerical data for similar flow configurations and excellent agreement is observed. A parametric study is carried out for different combinations of G and Ω for two different Reynolds numbers of 200 and 1000 to examine the development of the resulting separation bubble due to the generated APG. The mechanism of the boundary layer separation over the plane wall and the corresponding wake dynamics is investigated. Results are presented in terms of the distribution of the pressure coefficient as well as skin friction coefficient along the wall and flow patterns around and downstream of the cylinder in the proximity of the wall. The results of these computations confirm that using a rotating cylinder over a plane wall in a freestream flow is an effective technique to generate a controlled range of adverse pressure gradients.

The main objective of this work is to test the effect of two conical-shaped positive topographic obstacleson propagation of a discrete basement dextral strike-slip or transcurrent fault. A set of sandbox analogue (physical) models was constructed, in which two consecutive sand cones were placed progressivelycloser to each other. Key structural and strain parameters, such axial strain ratios and angular strain, aswell as the width and direction of the basins which formed during deformation were measured and analyzed. This procedure was then repeated with a basal decoupling layer of PDMS beneath each cone,to test the influence of this layer on the deformation.The results show that, for models without a basal decoupling layer, the distance between the two cones governs the end-stage deformation patterns of the topographic obstacles. The proximity of the topographic obstacles causes an increase of their deformation, i.e., results in higher axial strain ratios and angular strain. This effect is particularly noticeable in the first obstacle, which is affected by a strong clockwise rotation. The basal ductile which partly decouples the basement fault from the cover units nullifies the previous effect (the increase in deformation caused by proximity) and, when present, localizes the deformation by not only producing narrower pull-apart basins within the obstacles but alsoby increasing their rotation. / O objectivo deste trabalho foi o de estabelecer os efeitos de uma única falha de desligamento direito emdois obstáculos cónicos consecutivos, de relevo positivo. Adicionalmente, procura-se estabelecer o efeito que uma camada basal dúctil poderá ter na deformação dos obstáculos.Como tal, uma série de modelos análogos foram efetuados onde dois cones de areia consecutivosforam colocados sistematicamente mais próximos um do outro. Durante estas experiências, parâmetros chave de natureza estrutural e de strain foram medidos, tais como os rácios de strain axial e angular,bem como a direção e largura das bacias formadas. Este procedimento foi repetido com uma camadabasal de silicone (PDMS) colocada por baixo dos obstáculos. Os resultados mostram que, para modelos sem a camada de silicone basal, a distância de separação dos cones tem uma influência muito forte no produto final da deformação nos cones. A proximidade dos obstáculos causa um aumento da deformação (ex. valores mais elevados de strain angular e strain axial) em ambos os obstáculos. Este efeito é particularmente visível no primeiro obstáculo, sendo este afetado por uma rotação no sentido dos ponteiros do relógio mais elevada que o segundo.Por fim, verifica-se que a presença da camada basal dúctil nulifica o efeito anterior e, quando presente, focaliza a deformação, não só criando bacias de pull-apart mais estreitas mas tambémcausando uma maior rotação nos obstáculos.

I föreliggande studie undersöktes om Fortsatt föräldraskap efter separation - Föräldrakurs med fokus på barnet är till nytta för deltagarna i deras föräldraskap och i så fall på vilket sätt. I studien användes en kombination av kvantitativa och kvalitativa metoder i form av för- och eftermätning, avslutande enkät samt sex djupintervjuer. Undersökningsgruppen bestod av 14 deltagare, 12 kvinnor och 2 män, från två genomförda grupper. Det huvudsakliga resultatet visade att kursen varit till nytta för deltagarna och att de varit nöjda med kursens form och upplägg. Positiva effekter gick att utläsa gällande relationen mellan deltagarna och deras barn samt att de fått ökad kunskap och verktyg för hur de på bra sätt kan samarbeta med barnets andra förälder. Trots att det i föreliggande studie fanns mer att önska när det gäller effektmätning på såväl kort som lång sikt menar författarna att resultatet tyder på att positiva förändringar skett utifrån deltagande i föräldrakursen. / The present study investigated whether or not the program Continued Parenting After Separation – A parental program with a focus on the child is beneficial for the participants in their parenting and if so, in what way. The study used a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods in the form of pre- and post-measurement, concluding questionnaire and six in-depth interviews. The reference group consisted of 14 participants, 12 women and 2 men, from two completed programs. The main result showed that the program has been of benefit to the participants and that they have been satisfied with the form and structure of the program. Positive effects could be seen when it came to the relationship with their children. They also reported that they gained increased knowledge and tools for how to cooperate well with the child's other parent. Although greater measurements of the short and long term outcome was desired, the authors conclude that result suggest that positive effect has been achieved through taking part in the program.

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This dissertation presents the results from an experimental study of three-dimensional turbulent tip gap flow in a linear cascade wind tunnel with 3.3% chord tip clearance with and without moving endwall simulation. Experimental measurements have been completed in Virginia Tech low speed linear cascade wind tunnel. A 24" access laser-Doppler velocimeter (LDV) system was developed to make simultaneous three-velocity-component measurements. The overall size of the probe is 24"à 37"à 24"and measurement spatial resolution is about 100 μm. With 24" optical access distance, the LDV probe allows measurements to be taken from the side of the linear cascade tunnel instead of through the bottom of the tunnel floor. The probe has been tested in a zero-pressure gradient two-dimensional turbulent boundary layer. Experimental measurements (oil flow visualization, pressure measurement, and LDV measurement) for the stationary wall captured the major flow structures of the tip leakage flow in the linear compressor cascade, such as tip leakage vortex, tip leakage vortex separation and tip separation vortex. Large velocity gradients in the tip leakage vortex separation, tip leakage vortex, and tip separation vortex regions generate large production of the Reynolds stresses and turbulent kinetic energy. One of the most interesting features of the tip leakage flow is the bimodal velocity probability histograms of the v component due to the unsteady motion of the flow in the interaction region between the tip leakage vortex and tip leakage jet. The tip separation vortex, tip leakage vortex separation, and tip leakage vortex contain most of turbulent kinetic energy and generate the highest dissipation rate. Relative motion of the endwall significantly affects the tip gap flow structures, especially in the near wall region. Compared to the stationary wall case, velocity gradients in the near wall region for the moving wall case are much smaller and lower velocity gradients in the near wall region cause the low production of Reynolds stresses and turbulent kinetic energy. Similar to the stationary wall case, high Reynolds stresses and turbulent kinetic energy values are mainly located in the vicinity of the tip leakage vortex and tip separation vortex region. The bimodal velocity probability histograms of the v component are also found at the same locations. The tip separation vortex with most of the turbulent kinetic energy generates the highest dissipation rate. The dissipation rate in the tip leakage vortex region is reduced with the decrease of turbulent kinetic energy under the moving wall effect. / Ph. D.

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This work aims to investigate if it is realistic to use acoustic particle separation techniques for separating heavy-metals from pump-dredged seabed sediments on a large scale. A premise for the project has been that the material should undergo hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) before acoustic treatment. A number of scientific articles have been studied to understand where the frontier is regarding manipulating small particles in fluids using high frequency sound (ultrasound). Discussion has been held with experts on ultrasound, HTC and chemical analyses. In Conclusion, the feasibility of removal of heavy-metals from HTC-treated material using ultrasound have been evaluated based on theoretical possibilities, comparisons to a selection of similar studies, and on some measured properties of the material. Prerequisites for practical experiments, that would prove or disprove this feasibility, have been explored. The possibility to scale up the process has been discussed. / Detta arbete söker svar på om det är realistiskt att använda akustiska metoder för att i stor skala sortera ut tungmetaller från pump-muddrat sjöbottensediment. Utgångspunkten har varit att materialet ska genomgå hydrotermisk karbonisering (HTC) innan akustisk behandling. Ett antal vetenskapliga rapporter har studerats för att kunna förstå var forskningsfronten är, gällande att manipulera små partiklar i vätska med hjälp av högfrekvent ljud (ultraljud). Diskussion har hållits med experter på ultraljud, HTC och kemisk analys.  Avslutningsvis har möjligheten att avlägsna tungmetaller ifrån HTC-behandlat material med hjälp av ultraljud evaluerats, baserat på teoretiska möjligheter, jämförelser med ett urval av liknande studier, och begränsade mätningar av egenskaper hos materialet. Förutsättningarna för praktiska experiment, som skulle kunna bevisa eller motbevisa denna möjlighet, har utforskats. Möjligheten att skala upp processen har diskuterats.