Thesis advisor: James Keenan / Public health is of critical importance in the world today, and particularly in the South, where developing states, unable to provide for the health of their citizens, continue to carry the global burden of disease. There is more funding available to global health than ever before. If these assets are going to be effective in advancing the health of the developing world, then they must be directed towards comprehensive measures that address the needs of entire populations, rather than disease-specific programs which do little to confront the challenges facing the world's poor. The latter approach may be dominating the field of public health, but horizontal, capacity-building programs can become the norm in this arena. In order to transform the global health-giving infrastructure, the public and political agendas in the United States and every other donor country must be reset. By transposing the tactics employed by activists of the most successful health campaign in history—that of the HIV/AIDS pandemic—onto the global health movement, proponents of this approach can position it on the agendas of states throughout the world, and construct sustainable healthcare systems that will attend to the plight of the current generation, as well as provide for the well-being of those to come. / Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2008. / Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: International Studies. / Discipline: International Studies Honors Program.

The purpose of this essay was to examine how eight Swedish newspapers reported on a trade union conflict between dock workers and a employer organisation in the winter of 2019. Further it will examine how the conflict is portrayed in the newspaper and if both of the organisations gets their voices heard in the newspapers. We will also examine what context the conflict mention within. We analyzed eight Swedish newspapers that wrote about the conflict, at the time 7 January - 14 Mars 2019, with help of a quantitative content analysis.  The result of this study showed us that the newspapers in Sweden in generally used Primary Definers to get their information so they could write articles about this conflict. It also showed us that the two parties in this conflict, the trade union and the employer, get the chance to speak in the newspaper almost as much as each other. Other findings were made and one of those was that two of Sweden’s largest newspaper barely wrote about this conflict. But when they were writing about this conflict they wrote that this conflict has a big impact on the Swedish economy.

The purpose of this study was to explore the impact of a writing workshop with a goal setting intervention on writing quality, quantity and self-efficacy. Students in Treatment 1 used the writing workshop process and received a teacher-supported goal setting intervention in the self-edit step of the writing process consistent with the Self-Regulated Strategy Development approach. Students in Treatment 2 received only writing workshop instruction and a generic checklist in the self-edit step. Students in the Comparator group received business-as-usual writing instruction in their language arts/social studies block. Writing measures document quality of writing through a holistic scale, quantity of writing through word counts, and the quantity of writing through parsable units. The Writer Self-Perception Scale, or WSPS, measured students' self-efficacy in writing for the Treatment 1 and Treatment 2 groups. This study expands on existing research that explores strategy interventions in writing workshops to increase student achievement in writing.

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi investigar o efeito de metas difíceis e fáceis na aquisição de uma tarefa motora em pessoas com altos e baixos níveis de ansiedade traço. Participaram da parte inicial da pesquisa, 465 estudantes de ambos gêneros, entre 15 e 18 anos. Após ser determinado o nível de ansiedade, oitenta adolescentes foram distribuídos em quatro grupos de acordo com os níveis de ansiedade (alto e baixo) e de estabelecimento de metas (difícil e fácil). A tarefa consistiu em subir a escada de BACHMAN. O experimento constou de quatro fases: aquisição, transferência imediata, transferência atrasada e retenção. A análise dos dados foi feita com três classificações, sendo a primeira com base nos valores gerais e 80 participantes, a segunda com base em valores mais extremos de ansiedade traço e 40 participantes; e a terceira com base nos gêneros e 20 participantes. O resultado principal foi referente ao gênero feminino, em que, no teste de transferência imediata, as meninas baixo ansiosas submetidas ao estabelecimento de metas difícil apresentaram desempenho pior que as meninas baixo ansiosas submetidas ao estabelecimento de metas fáceis. Além disso, pôde-se concluir que estudos futuros devem ser conduzidos com cuidados metodológicos relativos à inclusão na amostra, com base nos níveis mensurados e no gênero dos participantes / The goal of this research was to investigate the effect of difficult and easy targets in acquiring a motor task in people with high and low levels of anxiety trait. Participated in the early part of search, 465 students both genres, between 15 and 18 years. After being given the level of anxiety, eighty teenagers were distributed in four groups according to the levels of anxiety (high and low) and goal setting (hard and easy). The task was to climb the ladder of BACHMAN. The experiment consisted of four phases: acquisition phase, immediate and late transfer phases and retention phase. Data analysis was done with three classifications, being the first on the basis of general values and 80 participants, the second based on values more extreme anxiety trait and 40 participants; and the third based on genres and 20 participants. The main outcome was for female, where, in the immediate transfer test, low eager girls subjected to goals setting difficult performed worse than girls down anxious before the goals setting easy. Moreover, it might be concluded that further studies should be conducted with methodological care relating to inclusion in the sample, on the basis of the levels measured and gender of participants

This thesis places the work of Dr Richard Beeching as Chairman of the British Railways Board in the context of Government policy towards the nationalised railways 1951-64, and examines the popular myth that Beeching and the Minister who appointed him, Ernest Marples, initiated a policy of railway closures and contraction. The thesis argues that Beeching's appointment and policies need to be seen in the context of the failure of Government policy towards the railways during the 1950s. The background to the Transport Act, 1953 is analysed. It is argued that, through this Act, the Government increased competition in the transport field, but was unwilling to accept, and unprepared for, the logical consequences of this change. The discussion of the Government's subsequent policy towards the railways during the 1950s argues that by intervening in industrial relations and price-setting, Ministers not only forced the railways into the red, but hampered their own efforts to encourage the industry to increase its efficiency. Government involvement in industrial relations, price-setting, investment and the withdrawal of unremunerative services is discussed. The Government's tougher approach to railway finances after 1959 (apparent in the 1962 Transport Act, tighter supervision of investment and the closure programme under Beeching) is placed in two contexts. Firstly, the growing recognition within Whitehall that the rise of road transport would limit the railways' future role. Secondly, the reform of the relationship between government and the nationalised industries in general. This discussion leads to a re-evaluation of Marples' significance, and a rejection of the view that Beeching's closure programme arose from a study of the railways in isolation from transport as a whole. Finally, the presentation and implementation of Beeching's closure programme until the 1964 General Election is discussed. The thesis argues that the social and economic consequences of closures were not ignored.

Background: Self-help interventions can be useful in improving well-being and improving symptoms of low-level mental health problems. Goal-setting has also been found to be linked to well-being. In order to maximise the benefit of any goal related self-help interventions, it may be advantageous to consider for whom they may work best. Objective. The study aimed to replicate and extend previous findings relating to the efficacy of the Goal Setting and Planning (GAP) self-help intervention for improving well-being using an active control group to allow for a more carefully controlled test of GAP. In addition to this, the study aimed to examine the potential mediating effect that the intervention has via goal progress. Lastly the study aimed to investigate whether the gains in well-being associated with the GAP intervention will be greatest for individuals scoring more highly in ‘agentic’ value scores. Method. A controlled trial of 58 participants completed pre and post measures of well-being and were also led through a goal selection exercise in which they chose two goals to work towards over a five week period. Twenty-nine participants were allocated to the intervention condition which involved working through the GAP intervention in an online format to support their goal progress. The remaining 29 participants were allocated to the control group and were asked to work towards their goals without any further support. All participants were asked to provide goal attainment scores at the end of week three and at the end of week five. Results. There was no significant effect of condition on post-intervention outcome measures (p = .87, partial h2 = .02). Post measures indicated small but not significant gains in well-being across groups. Goal progress averaged across the two assessments did not differ significantly between groups. The conditions for mediation were not met therefore it was not possible to test for the mediating effects of goal progress on well-being. Lastly, moderation analysis showed that agency value scores did not significantly moderate the effectiveness of GAP in improving scores on any of the well-being measures. Conclusion: These null-findings particularly in relation to the efficacy of the GAP intervention were unexpected given significant findings in previous trials. However, the use of an active control group allowed for a more focused examination of the efficacy of the self-help components compared to previous trials. It is suggested that the goal-setting elements of GAP completed by both conditions may account for the small gains in well-being. Limitations of the current study are discussed particularly in relation to the use of a non-clinical, mainly undergraduate student sample. It is also suggested that goal-based self-help interventions may have limited use in non- clinical student populations. Ideas for future research are made including the recruitment of participants who would potentially benefit more from an intervention to improve well-being such as GAP.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-05T17:53:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 20 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Trata-se de pesquisa que, tendo por base a teoria sistêmica, analisa as internvenções televisivas na área social, em específico aquelas realizadas por meio do Criança Esperança, operador institucional da Rede Globo de Televisão. São analisados os períodos de campanha relativos aos anos de 2005 e 2006, sendo foco pontos da programação tradicionalmente classificados como inserções publicitárias, telejornalísticos e programas de entretenimento. Tal processo de análise discursiva ajuda na compreensão sobre os modos como contemporaneamente o televisivo se constitui um sistema social autônomo. A partir disso, compreender como a sociedade se tem hoje representada por meio do sistema midiático no caso, pela televisão. O pensamento de Luhmann auxilia na compreensão de toda essa engrenagem midiática, auxiliando principalmente com os conceitos de tematização e acoplamento estrutural, visto que o social tematizado pela Globo ocorre graças a processos de acoplamento entre Globo e outras instâncias da sociedade, tendo dest / The present research, based on the systemic theory, analyzes television interventions in the social field, in particular those presented through the Criança Esperança, Rede Globo de Televisão´s main institutional representation. The analysis focuses on the advertisements, newscasts and entertainment programs shown during the campaigns of 2005 and 2006. Such process of discourse analysis helps understand how contemporary television constitutes today an autonomous social system and sheds light on how present day society is represented through media – in this particular case, through television. Luhmann´s thinking about theme setting and structural coupling helps understand the complexities of the media machinery in a context where social themes are presented through a process of “joining together” between Globo and other institutions – in particular third sector institutions. This process results in the mediatization of social themes, and happens in a time when the preponderance of media gives individuals, syst

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-05T18:23:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 20 / Nenhuma / Este estudo trata das práticas profissionais protagonizadas pelos repórteres fotográficos do jornal impresso diário Zero Hora, de Porto Alegre-RS. Utiliza a própria fotografia como recurso metodológico para refletir sobre as rotinas de produção do fotojornalismo e sobre a existência de uma tensão ocasionada pela ordem do agendamento e pelo caos representado pela aleatoriedade dos acontecimentos reportados. Contando histórias e “estórias” fotográficas, o estudo discute a idéia de que as fotos oriundas de acontecimentos imprevisíveis, flagrantes, são mais essenciais ao (foto)jornalismo, por ainda estarem ligadas ao paradigma do "espelho do real" / This reasearch deals with the professional practices of photographic reporters of Porto Alegre’s daily print newspaper Zero Hora. It uses photography as a methodological device to meditate on photojournalism production routines and on the existing tension brought about by the agenda and by chaos, represented by the unforseeability of reported facts. Telling photographic histories and photographic stories, this research argues that photos derived from unforseeable, in-the-act, occurences are most essencial to (photo)journalism, since they have a link to the “mirror of reality” paradigm

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:39:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao ELISABETH ANTONELLI.pdf: 679405 bytes, checksum: 687f8099121de83f73494a8b56f4dfab (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-06-21 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Countertransference, the nature of the feelings experienced by the analyst towards his or her analysand, is a complex theme. In difficult and labor-intensive cases, such as is the object of this thesis, countertransference proves to be not just an important ally, but also a considerable challenge. The pain endured by the patient needs the analyst s continence in order to be transformed into suffering and into word. Being with the analysand who is the object of this study meant being in constant contact with emotional turbulence. The transference experienced on a very primitive level turns into a challenge for the analyst. The atmosphere of the sessions takes on an anguishing pre-verbal character. Countertransference, through its pathic dimension, that is, the suffering to which the analyst is subjected, imposed by the nature of the feelings brought by the patient, is intensified by ambivalent feelings. Due to the need to elaborate on such feelings, a certain kind of repression, whose aim is to maintain the analytical setting and put the feelings at the service of the analysis, may contribute to turning them into an important work tool in the analytical situation. The hypothesis I intend to develop is that countertransference, in such cases, may also constitute a differential diagnostic tool / A natureza dos sentimentos experimentados pelo analista em relação ao seu analisando, a contratransferência, é um tema complexo. Em casos difíceis e trabalhosos, como o que será objeto da presente dissertação, a contratransferência demonstra ser, além de um importante aliado, um significativo desafio. A dor suportada pelo paciente necessita da continência do analista para transformar-se em sofrimento e em palavra. Estar com a analisanda, objeto desta pesquisa, significou um permanente contato com a turbulência emocional. A transferência vivida em nível muito primitivo transforma-se em desafio para o analista. A atmosfera das sessões adquire o caráter angustiante pré-verbal. A contratransferência, por meio de sua dimensão pática, ou seja, o sofrimento a que o analista se vê subordinado, imposto pela natureza dos sentimentos trazidos pelo paciente, ganha em intensidade de sentimentos ambivalentes. Em virtude da necessidade de elaboração de tais sentimentos, uma espécie de repressão cuja finalidade é manter o setting analítico, colocá-los a serviço da análise pode contribuir para transformá-los em um importante instrumento de trabalho na situação analítica. A hipótese que pretendo desenvolver é a de que a contratransferência, em tais casos, pode constituir também um instrumento de diagnóstico diferencial

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T14:42:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 390080.pdf: 12875992 bytes, checksum: bc980660acd72e0401bb159ad554b831 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-01-15 / Verificou-se, tamb?m, as transforma??es do conceito da liberdade de express?o e suas vari?veis no tempo e no espa?o, atrav?s de uma revis?o hist?rica a partir dos cl?ssicos da livre express?o at? os estudos atuais sobre a constitucionaliza??o do direito ? informa??o, com base em John Milton (1644,1999), Stuart Mill (1859, 1978), Barbosa Lima Sobrinho (1977, 1980), Freitas Nobre (1968, 1998), Darcy Arruda Miranda (1994), Alberto Andr? (2000), Jos? Marques de Melo (1973, 2003a, 2003b) e Norberto Bobbio (1999, 2002, 2003). O entendimento do Poder Judici?rio ─ em todas as inst?ncias processuais ─ fundamentou-se na Revista de Jurisprud?ncia, publicada pelo Tribunal de Justi?a do Rio Grande do Sul, em edi??o especial sobre o caso, em 2004. As interfer?ncias resultantes da an?lise de conte?do da Decis?o Judicial ─ interpretadas com base nos estudos de Freitas Nobre (1998), de Alberto Andr? (2000), de Nilson Lage (2001) e de Nelson Traquina (2001) ─ possibilitaram o entendimento das articula??es e influ?ncias, bem como a compreens?o dos limites da liberdade de express?o na Decis?o Judicial sobre o Caso Editora Revis?o, considerado paradigm?tico para as duas ?reas de pesquisa.