This article critically reviews the evidence on sex offender treatment and subsequently provides new estimates on short-term recidivism among sexual offenders released from prison in New Jersey. The sample of male sex offenders is drawn from the Adult Diagnostic Treatment Center (ADTC), New Jersey's only sex-offender-specific prison, and the general population of nine prisons within the state of New Jersey. The ADTC sample receives treatment while incarcerated (n = 495), whereas no treatment is provided to the offenders in the general population sample (n = 223). Overall, 33% of the total sample (N= 718) commits a new offense. Of the total sample, 14% commits a new sexual offense and 24% commits a new nonsexual offense. Significant differences exist between the ADTC and the general population samples with respect to nonsexual reoffending only. In the final analysis, treatment appears to matter in terms of a reduction in recidivism but not in conventionally expected ways.

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Adolescents commit between 30% and 50% of the sexual offenses against young children in the United States. Adolescents who complete specialized treatment for sexual offending, including family therapy, have lower rates of sexual recidivism. Despite the evidence that including families in adolescents' treatment may contribute to lower sexual recidivism rates, there are few descriptions of family therapy with adolescents who sexually offend. In particular, there are no conceptualizations or models of family involvement derived from parents and adolescents' perspectives on treatment. To address this need, this study examined adolescents' and their parents\' experiences of participation in family therapy when the adolescent son had been required to complete treatment for sexual offending. In addition, the study explored how parent and adolescent participation in family therapy was associated with adolescents' progress in treatment for sexual offending. Using constructivist grounded theory methodology, a conceptualization of family therapy was developed through semi-structured interviews with ten adolescent boys who have sexually offended and their parents/caregivers. In addition, a focus group of seven family therapists who specialize in the treatment of adolescents who sexually offend reviewed the findings and offered input on refining the emerging clinical conceptualization. Findings suggest that youth have more successful outcomes when therapists foster hopefulness and use parents to help motivate youth and facilitate change. Positive outcomes of family therapy for youth included expressing himself more clearly, caring about people, thinking about his future and setting goals, having more confidence, following the rules, "progressing in treatment, being accountable for his behavior, becoming more honest, developing life skills, and understanding and expressing regret for sexually offending. Positive outcomes of family therapy for families included changes in household rules, family roles, setting boundaries, and having respectful communication. Implications for how to best include families in adolescents' treatment of sexual offending are addressed. / Ph. D.

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The purpose of this study was to analyze how the media constructs sexual offenses. This was concretized into two research questions focusing on examining representations of solutions to sexual offenses as well as representations of perpetrators and victims. The study has a scientifict heoretical starting point in social constructivism and furthermore the used method was critical discourse analysis. A choice was made to review debate articles from two of Sweden’s major evening newspapers; Aftonbladet and Expressen. The articles were analyzed with both a qualitative text analysis and a critical discourse analysis. The data was analyzed with the concepts of transitivity and modality. The results showed that several different solutions were presented in the articles, these formed discourses. The dominating discourses were: “More police officers”, “Stricter legislation”, “Valuation- and normchange”, “Deport foreigners”and “Society’s responsibility to change”. The result showed that sexual offenses sometimes are given less priority compared to homicide and gang-related crimes. The authors pointed out that this could lead to a greater need of police-officers. In some of the articles the authors thought that the legislation regarding sexual offenses was too vague, they wanted a more straight forwarddeportation and harsher punishments. Other articles focused on how sexual offenses are handled and how they become apparent is controlled by society’s norms and values. The authors arguedthat, for example, a patriarchal structure and bad male norms influence this, but also that the school has a responsibility to operate sex education. The result also showed that victims and perpetrators were portrayed differently in the discourses, with for example the use of “men’s violence against women” but also with a gender-neutral approach. In some of the articles neither the object nor the subject of the problem emerged.

Hot och våld mot ambulanspersonal har visat sig vara ett växande problem och påverkar möjligheten att ge god omvårdnad till patienten. Förekomsten av hot och våld prehospitalt har inte studerats i Sverige i samma utsträckning som i andra länder. Syftet med denna studie var att belysa förekomsten av hot och våld mot ambulanspersonalen i norra Sverige och hur detta kan förebyggas. Detta undersöktes med en webbaserad kvantitativ tvärsnittsstudie av enkätdesign med möjlighet till fritextsvar. Denna studie visade att majoriteten (80,4%) av ambulanspersonalen hade blivit utsatt för verbala hot någon gång under de senaste tre åren. 26,8 % av ambulanspersonalen skattade att de hade blivit utsatta för fysiskt våld under samma period. En statistiskt signifikant skillnad mellan män och kvinnor när det gäller deras skattning av att ha blivit utsatta för fysiskt våld kunde påvisas. En majoritet av ambulanspersonalen svarade att de aldrig hade utsatts för sexuellt ofredande de senaste tre åren. Kvinnor skattade i högre grad än männen att de blivit sexuellt ofredade och skillnaden var signifikant. Utifrån frågan om vilken typ av problematik som är vanligast, gällande personer som utövat fysiskt våld, framkom att personer som intagit både alkohol och droger/narkotika skattades som överrepresenterade. Denna studie genererar kunskap om vikten av att ha stöd från arbetsgivare och ett gott samarbete med andra myndigheter, exempelvis polis. Att göra riskbedömningar och att använda sig av lågaffektivt bemötande där det finns risk för hot och våld kan förebygga detta. Det är av fortsatt vikt att följa och studera utvecklingen av hot och våld mot ambulanspersonal och arbeta med hur detta kan förebyggas.

No description available.

La violence sexuelle est aujourd’hui, comme par le passé, largement utilisée comme arme de guerre et moyen de nettoyage ethnique. L’analyse de la jurisprudence internationale pénale fait ressortir la difficulté d’appréhender le crime sexuel par rapport aux catégories juridiques existantes. Le contexte dans lequel le crime sexuel est commis n’absorbe pas tous les aspects de ce crime. La nature considérée des crimes sexuels n’est pas réductible à la qualification de génocide, de crimes contre l’humanité, ou de crimes de guerre. Le juge international a pu préciser la frontière entre les infractions sexuelles et les autres infractions, montrer leur champ, leur intensité pour les distinguer des autres crimes. Cette avancée jurisprudentielle annonce peu à peu un fondement et une légitimité qui définissent des éléments de l’autonomisation des crimes sexuels en droit international. La codification du droit international par un nouveau traité spécifique aux crimes sexuels, avec des dispositions définissant cette catégorie particulière d’infraction, son appréhension et ses obligations juridiques permettra une meilleure répression de ce crime. / Sexual violence today is, as in the past, widely used as a weapon of war and a means of ethnic cleansing. The analysis of international criminal jurisprudence highlights the difficulty of apprehending this new offense in relation to the existing legal categories. The nature of sexual crimes is not reducible to genocide, crimes against humanity, or war crimes. The international judge, through constant legal reasoning, was able to clarify the boundary between sexual offenses and other offenses, to show their scope and intensity to distinguish them from other crimes. This advance in jurisprudence gradually builds a foundation and legitimacy that define elements of the empowerment of sexual crimes under international law. The codification of international law through a new treaty specific to sexual crimes, with provisions defining this particular category of offense, its apprehension and its legal obligations will allow a better repression of this crime.

La lutte contre l’exploitation sexuelle des enfants a contribué à mettre en place des stratégies optimisant la détection des délinquants sexuels sur internet (Ministère de la Justice du Canada, 2018). Une prise en charge efficace de ces individus par le système de justice implique notamment d’évaluer leur risque de commettre un nouveau crime. À cet effet, l’agression sexuelle serait fortement sous-détectée parmi les cyberdélinquants. Environ 12 % des cyberdélinquants sont officiellement détectés pour des agressions sexuelles alors que ce taux s’élèverait à plus de 50 % en tenant en compte les données autorévélées (Seto, Hanson & Babchishin, 2011). Les instances judiciaires se doivent donc d’être mieux outillées pour détecter efficacement les cyberdélinquants à risque d’agression sexuelle. Ainsi, l’objectif de cette recherche consiste à examiner les facteurs de risque associés à l’agression sexuelle chez les cyberdélinquants. L’échantillon comportait 124 participants catégorisés en fonction de leur statut de détection par le système de justice. Les groupes de délinquants détectés incluaient 26 délinquants ayant été accusés pour des délits sexuels par internet et des agressions sexuelles (délinquants mixtes) et 41 cyberdélinquants ayant été accusé seulement pour des infractions sexuelles par internet. Les groupes de délinquants non détectés incluaient 42 délinquants ayant confessé au moins un délit sexuel par internet ou une agression sexuelle et 15 cyberdélinquants ayant confessé des infractions sexuelles par internet. Des comparaisons entre les cyberdélinquants et les délinquants mixtes ont été effectuées pour les facteurs de risque de l’intérêt sexuel envers les enfants, la préoccupation sexuelle, le coping sexuel, les cognitions soutenant les agressions sexuelles et les cognitions soutenant les crimes sexuels par internet. Les résultats montrent que les cognitions soutenant les agressions sexuelles permettent de discriminer les cyberdélinquants qui commettent des agressions sexuelles de ceux qui n’en commettent pas, sans égard au statut de détection. Ces résultats appuient les modèles théoriques soutenant qu’une tendance plus marquée pour l’antisocialité peut être associée aux comportements d’agression sexuelle. / The governments will to fight against child sexual exploitation has contributed to put in place strategies to improve the detection of online offenders and to apply laws that more severely condemn these kind of behaviors (Department of Justice of Canada, 2018). The effective management of these individuals by the criminal justice system involve the evaluation of their risk to reoffend. However, sexual abuse appears to be under detected among internet offenders, with 12 % of all internet offenders officially detected for a contact offense whereas about 50 % of them disclose having engaged in a contact sexual offense when self-report data are examined (Seto, Hanson & Babchishin, 2011). The justice system needs to better detect internet offenders at risk of sexual abuse for prevention purposes and to help these individuals not escalate to contact offending. The aim of this study is to investigate the association between the presence of dynamic risk factors and contact sexual offending among online offenders. The sample included 124 offenders who had committed an internet sexual offense and were subsequently classified based on whether or not they self-reported sexual offense (s) not detected by the law enforcement. The sample was comprised of 41 detected online-only offenders, 26 detected mixed offenders (both online and contact offenses), 15 undetected online-only offenders and 42 undetected mixed offenders. Comparisons between online-only and mixed offenders were examined on sexual interest in children, sexual preoccupation, sexual coping, cognitions supporting sexual abuse against children and cognitions supporting online sexual offenses. Results show that the cognitions supporting sexual abuse against children was predictive of a contact offense among online offenders. These results provide support to theoretical models suggesting that antisocial orientation is associated with contact sexual offending.