Face à l’échec des fusions volontaires de communes en France, il a été choisi d’encourager massivement leur regroupement à partir de 1999, grâce à la formule déjà ancienne des établissements publics de coopération intercommunale à fiscalité propre. En une quinzaine d’année, l’évolution du cadre juridique et des pratiques de terrain ont permis l’émergence d’un bloc communal à deux niveaux. L’organisation administrative actuelle de ces structures témoigne de la volonté de faire coïncider, à l’échelle intercommunale, bassin de vie et circonscription administrative, afin de constituer de véritables « territoires ». Au cours de la dernière décennie, la possibilité de mutualiser les moyens au sein de chaque bloc communal a également été reconnue par le droit positif. Toutefois, l’analyse des pratiques démontre que cet objectif de complémentarité entre les communes et leur groupement d’appartenance se révèle insuffisant au regard des enjeux actuels, tant démocratiques que financiers. / The failure of voluntary groupings of communes in France has been an incentive to massively promote these groupings since 1999 throughout the longstanding formula of intermunicipal groupings with its own taxing power. In fifteen years, the evolution of the legal framework and local practices have enabled the emergence of a two-tier intermunicipal system. The current administrative organization of these structures displays the will to match the living area with the territorial administrative unit at the scale of the intermunicipal boundaries, in order to create genuine « territories ». During the last decade, the scope and effect to pool resources within the two-tier municipal units have also been recognized by positive law. However, the analysis of local practices shows that this objective of complementarity between the communes and their groupings proves insufficient in view of the current challenges, both democratic and financial.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:25:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DIR - Jose Roberto Anselmo.pdf: 1620612 bytes, checksum: 082bd189df1394234695cef322eb1d4e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-10-23 / The present work is an analysis refering to the role performed by Supreme Federal Court in the maintenance of the Brazilian Federalism. The study was done based on the Federalism and all its features, though the main point is the one that refers to the surviving of the Federal and State legal orderlines, through decisions of the Supreme Federal Court. The Federal Constitution of 1998 reserved to the Supreme federal Court the responsability of being its custodian.Among the values which were enrolled on it, the federal form is one of the most important. This way, generaly, through the constitutional control instruments , the Supreme Federal Court is called to exercise its role. Therefore, at first, the federal form is analysed under the historic point of view and in all its features, till we reached the study of standarts used in Brazil, through its history and the current federal Constitution of 1998. The sharing of competences used by the Federal Constitution, As a feature of the federalism, was also an object of study, in order to make us able to demonstrate the decentralization of competences. In this sense, the central point of the work lays on demonstrating that the sharing line of competences stablished by the Constitution can suffer variations according to the jurisdictional activities of the Supreme Federal Court. Eventually, aiming to demonstrate how the acting of the supreme Federal Court is has being done and that it can determine a high centralism of brazilian state, we analysed studies of cases refering to this organ's decisions / O presente trabalho é uma análise referente ao papel de desempenhado pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal na manutenção do federalismo brasileiro. O estudo foi realizado tendo por base o federalismo e de todas as suas características, contudo o ponto principal é o que se refere à sobrevivência das ordens jurídicas federal e estaduais, por meio das decisões do Supremo Tribunal Federal. A Constituição Federal de 1998 reservou ao Supremo Tribunal Federal a atribuição de ser o seu guardião. Dentre os valores que nela foram inscritos, a forma federal é um dos mais importantes. Assim, freqüentemente, por meio dos instrumentos de controle de constitucionalidade, o Supremo Tribunal Federal é chamado a exercitar seu papel. Portanto, inicialmente, a forma federal é analisada sob ponto de vista histórico e em todas as suas características, até chegarmos no estudo dos modelos utilizados pelo Brasil ao longo de sua história e na atual Constituição Federal de 1988. A divisão de competências utilizada pela Constituição Federal, como uma das características do federalismo, também foi objeto de estudo, a fim de que pudéssemos demonstrar a descentralização de competências. Neste sentido, o ponto central do trabalho está em demonstrar que linha divisória de competências estabelecida pela Constituição pode sofrer variações de acordo com a atividade jurisdicional do Supremo Tribunal Federal. Finalmente, visando demonstrar como vem sendo a atuação do Supremo Tribunal Federal e que ela pode determinar um elevado centralismo do Estado brasileiro, analisamos estudos de casos referentes às decisões deste órgão