The thesis focuses on possibilities of spoken and sign language interpreter training in the Czech Republic and Austria. The theoretical part describes the situation of the deaf in the Czech Republic and in Austria and explains the terms connected with communication of the deaf. Furthermore, it contains a brief overview of the history of spoken and sign language interpreter training and a description of the conditions for interpreters in both countries respectively. The most detailed chapters of the theoretical part deal with training institutions for spoken and sign language interpreters. The main focus is on the Institute of Translation studies at the Faculty of Arts of Charles University in Prague and the Department of Translation Studies at the Faculty of Arts and Humanities of University of Graz. The empirical part presents the results of a questionnaire survey conducted among Master students of the two institutes who evaluated how well the university prepares them for their future career.

Riksdagen beskrivs ibland som Sveriges demokratiska och politiska hjärta. Alla medborgare ska kunna delta i den demokratiska diskussionen. Personer med hörselnedsättning och dövhet fick denna rättighet år 2000. Denna studie har undersökt teckenspråkstolkningen av en partiledardebatt i Sverigesriksdag. Fokus i studien har varit teckenspråkstolkars så kallade copingstrategier, dvs. språkliga och tolktekniska strategier i tolkningen som används för att säkerställa tolkningens kvalitet. Studien utgår från en kvalitativ, diskursanalytisk ansats. Materialet består av en tre timmar och 35 minuter lång filmad partiledardebatt samt en semistrukturerad intervju med en teckenspråkstolk med lång erfarenhet från tolkning i riksdagen. I materialet har sju olika copingstrategier identifierats: processtid, bokstavering, adekvata utelämningar, adekvata tillägg, samarbete med teamtolken, parafrasering och konstruerat agerande. Förhoppningen är att genom systematisk beskrivning och analys synliggöra teckenspråkstolkning som profession, och hur denna i sin tur bidrar till tillgänglighet och inkludering i den svenska demokratin. / Sometimes the Swedish Parliament is described as the heart of the Swedish democracy and politics. Every Swedish citizen has the right to participate in the political discussion. People with a disabled hearing and deaf people got this right in 2000. This essay has examined the sign language interpretation of a party leader debate in the Swedish Parliament. The main focus of this essay has been the sign language interpreters’ usage of coping strategies, in other words, techniques of interpretation and linguistic strategies, which secure the quality of the interpretation. The study is based on a discourse analytical perspective with a qualitative approach. The results are based on a three hours and 35 minutes lasting, video-recorded debate between the leaders of the different parties of the Swedish Parliament, and on a semi-structured interview with a sign language interpreter with a long experience as an interpreter in the Swedish Parliament. Seven different coping strategies could be identified and analyzed: lag time, spelling, adequate omissions, adequate additions, cooperation with the team interpreter, paraphrasing, constructed acting. Hopefully, this systematic description and analysis can help to spread some light on the profession of sign language interpretation, and how it contributes to accessibility and inclusion into the Swedish democracy.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-05T18:11:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 20 / Nenhuma / Esta dissertação de mestrado investiga testagens de proficiência lingüística em língua de sinais que são aplicadas a pessoas ouvintes, intérpretes de língua de sinais, no início de sua vida profissional. Devido à diversidade de instrumentos, procedimentos e concepções do que deve ser avaliado em intérpretes de língua de sinais ILS, faz-se necessária uma investigação sobre a testagem de proficiência lingüística e a distinção entre proficiência tradutória e certificação profissional, bem como qual o momento adequado de suas aplicações nas diferentes etapas da formação e do exercício profissional dos ILS. O embasamento teórico consta da distinção entre proficiência e fluência lingüísticas; a evolução do conceito de proficiência lingüística; testagem lingüística; e de um panorama geral sobre tradução e interpretação de língua de sinais. A testagem lingüística de língua de sinais abordada neste estudo inclui aquelas explicitamente denominadas ‘de proficiência’ e as provas de habilitação ou de seleção que contenham / This is a dissertation on language proficiency testing as applied to hearing people, sign language interpreters, in the beginning of their professional lives. Due to the diversity of instruments, proceedings and conceptions of what has to be assessed in sign language interpreters SLI, an investigation on language proficiency testing and the distinction between translation proficiency and professional certification is needed, as well as when is the most adequate moment to apply different kind of testing in different phases of interpreters´ training and professional practice. The theoretical basis of this work includes the distinction between language proficiency and fluency, the evolution of the proficiency concept, language testing, and a general view about sign language translation and interpreting. The sign language testing that is approached in this study comprises those explicitly named as ´proficiency tests´ and professional or selection tests that comprise sign language proficiency features, even if the

Submitted by PPGE PPGE (pgedu@ufba.br) on 2014-01-27T14:27:17Z No. of bitstreams: 1 _00.Dissertacao.Thalita.corrigida.03.12.2013 - com ficha_catalografica print.pdf: 1512481 bytes, checksum: 6754c2abb8952f1100d7b37488715e23 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Auxiliadora da Silva Lopes (silopes@ufba.br) on 2014-02-11T13:57:45Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 _00.Dissertacao.Thalita.corrigida.03.12.2013 - com ficha_catalografica print.pdf: 1512481 bytes, checksum: 6754c2abb8952f1100d7b37488715e23 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-02-11T13:57:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 _00.Dissertacao.Thalita.corrigida.03.12.2013 - com ficha_catalografica print.pdf: 1512481 bytes, checksum: 6754c2abb8952f1100d7b37488715e23 (MD5) / CAPES / Para que a inclusão educacional das pessoas surdas se efetive é imprescindível oferecer acessibilidade linguística, pois os surdos são pessoas que utilizam a língua de sinais para se comunicar. Esta acessibilidade pressupõe a presença de um intérprete de língua de sinais (ILS) que irá mediar a relação ensino-aprendizagem através da transmissão dos conteúdos da língua portuguesa para a língua de sinais e vice-versa. Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar os desafios e possibilidades do trabalho do intérprete de língua de sinais inserido em escolas estaduais de Salvador com estudantes surdos, bem como verificar como é realizada a inserção profissional dos intérpretes de língua brasileira de sinais nos ambientes educacionais; identificar a inserção dos intérpretes de língua brasileira de sinais caracterizando o ambiente, as condições de trabalho e os papeis desenvolvidos; detectar as dificuldades vivenciadas pelos ILS em uma escola pública, estadual e; levantar novas possibilidades de atuação dos ILS educacional. Para tanto foi utilizada metodologia de abordagem qualitativa, através do estudo de caso, e a análise de conteúdo para verificação dos dados colhidos. Tais dados foram obtidos através de entrevistas com uma professora e quatro intérpretes atuantes em uma escola estadual da cidade de Salvador. Para apresentar os resultados foram criadas três categorias de análise, são elas: 1 – O ILS: um novo personagem no cenário escolar; 2 – Dificuldades ou desafios?; e 3 – O Intérprete de língua de sinais compondo o quadro de profissionais no ambiente escolar. Os resultados indicam que os profissionais foram inseridos nas escolas inicialmente através de vínculos de amizade, sendo que o estabelecimento do trabalho foi realizado por uma professora atuante na sala de recursos multifuncional da escola, que as condições para o trabalho para o bom desempenho dos intérpretes na instituição são mais desfavoráveis que favoráveis, que os ILS desempenham diversos papeis desde a interpretação até a mediação de conflitos que envolvem os estudantes surdos e que mesmo em meio às dificuldades tais profissionais encontram possibilidades que contribuem para melhor desenvolverem seus trabalhos. / 9 ABSTRACT For the educational inclusion of deaf people to become effective it is essential to offer linguistic accessibility, because The Deaf are people who use sign language to communicate. This accessibility presupposes the presence of a Sign Language Interpreter (SLI) that will mediate the relation between teaching and learning thr ough the transmission of content from Portuguese to sign language and vice versa. This study aims to analyze the challenges and opportunities of the interpreter of sign language inserted into state schools of Salvador with deaf students, as well as check H ow it is performed inserting professional interpreters of Brazilian sign language in educational settings; identify insertion of interpreters Brazilian sign language characterizing the environment, working conditions and roles developed; detect the difficu lties experienced by SLI in a public school, state and; raise new possibilities for educational performance of SLI. For this we used a methodology of qualitative approach, through ethnographic research, and content analysis for verification of the data col lected. These data were obtained through interviews with a teacher and four interpreters working at a state school in the city of Salvador. To display the results were created three categories of analysis, they are:1 - The SLI: A new character in the school setting; 2 - difficulties or challenges? And 3 - The Interpreter and sign language composing the professional staff in the school environment. The results indicate that professionals were initially placed in schools through bonds of friendship, and the estab lishment of the work was done by a teacher active in the multipurpose room of the school's resources, that the conditions of working for the good performance of interpreters in institution are more unfavorable than favorable, The SLI play various roles sin ce the interpretation to mediate conflicts involving deaf students and that even amid difficulties such professionals are possibilities that contribute for a better development of their Job

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-07T15:08:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 817601 bytes, checksum: 510861ed13e471be8805e243130e41e3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-01-25 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This is a qualitative ethnographic study about inclusive educational policies for deaf people regarding the presence of Sign Language Interpreters (SLI) in the school environment. We chose to deal with this subject because we understand that this professional is of vital importance to the education of deaf people, taking also into consideration the historical moment in which the profession was recognized by a specific law. Therefore, accepting that the performance of this professional is becoming increasingly more important, we aimed at observing how the interpreter is carrying out his/her job in inclusive schools and what consequences his/her performance has in the schooling of deaf people. The research was conducted in five state schools - two middle schools (Brazilian fundamental II level) and three high schools (Brazilian secondary school) -, which had Sign Language Interpreters facilitating communication in the classrooms. Observations of the performance of thirteen SLI were carried out for three months, because this professional is, according to Quadros (2004), the one responsible for the interpretation of one language (source language) into another (target language), in this specific case from Portuguese into (Brazilian) Sign Language and vice versa. Based upon the existing legal recommendations on this professional and his/her performance, we found out that in the classrooms of the schools participating in the research this interpretation did not happen as it should in many situations. Even though the presence of this professional has already been a reality for some years in state schools, many issues concerning his/her performance need to be reviewed and reevaluated. There have not been enough and necessary training programs to support the practices of those SLI already working at state schools, and perhaps this accounts for the misunderstanding between the teacher s and interpreter s roles, which causes conflicts of pedagogical knowledge and roles. Considering the interviews conducted, we can also point out that, out of the 13 SLI who participated in this study, just a few of them are aware of the historical facts associated with deaf people s education, and there are no opportunities for them to take part in the planning process with teachers. When comparing what was said and what was actually done in the classrooms, we noticed that some of the practices observed do not match what was mentioned in the interviews with regard to SLI s performance and presence in the school environment. Therefore, the reality observed indicated an urgent need for the establishment of criteria for hiring SLI who will work at the schools, as well as the promotion of qualification courses for those who are already working or intend to work as interpreters in the educational environment. / Este é um estudo qualitativo de caráter etnográfico sobre as políticas educacionais inclusivas para surdos, no tocante a presença do Intérprete de Língua de Sinais (ILS) no espaço de escolarização. Tratamos deste assunto por entendermos ser este profissional de fundamental importância para a educação de surdos, considerando também o momento histórico, em que teve reconhecida sua profissão, a partir de uma lei específica. Assim, entendendo que cada vez mais se reveste de importância a atuação deste profissional, buscamos, por meio da presente pesquisa, observar como ele está atuando nas escolas inclusivas e quais as conseqüências desta atuação na escolarização dos surdos. A pesquisa foi realizada em cinco escolas estaduais da Paraíba, sendo duas do Ensino Fundamental II e três do Ensino Médio, que contavam com a presença do ILS intermediando a comunicação nas salas de aula. Foram realizadas observações, durante três meses, da atuação de treze intérpretes, por ser o mesmo, segundo Quadros (2004), o profissional responsável pela interpretação de uma língua (língua fonte) para outra (língua alvo), neste caso específico do Português para a Língua de Sinais e vice-versa. Baseados nas recomendações legais existentes sobre esse profissional e sua atuação, pudemos constatar que, nas salas de aula das escolas pesquisadas, essa interpretação, em muitos momentos, não aconteceu como deveria. Apesar de existir a presença desse profissional há alguns anos nas escolas estaduais, muitas questões em torno de sua atuação precisam ser revistas e reavaliadas. Para os ILS atuantes nas escolas estaduais, ainda não houve capacitações suficientes e necessárias para embasar suas práticas, talvez por isso sua atuação se confunda com a dos professores, provocando um conflito de saberes e papéis pedagógicos. Por meio de entrevistas feitas, notamos também que, dos ILS pesquisados, poucos conhecem aspectos históricos da educação dos surdos e não existe espaço para participarem do planejamento com os professores. No confronto entre o pronunciado e o executado, constatamos que algumas práticas observadas não correspondem aos depoimentos pronunciados sobre sua atuação e presença no ambiente escolar. Sendo assim, a realidade observada apontou para a necessidade urgente do estabelecimento de critérios para a contratação dos profissionais ILS que atuarão nas escolas e uma intervenção em termos de organização de cursos de formação para quem está atuando e quem pretende interpretar nos espaços educacionais.

Den här studien undersöker yrkesverksamma teckenspråkstolkars syn på likheter och skillnader mellan på-platstolkning och distanstolkning. Undersökningen behandlar också samordning och teckenspråkstolkars uppfattning av begreppet. Materialet består av videoinspelade intervjuer som sedan analyserats utifrån uppsatsens frågeställningar. Teckenspråket är ett visuellt språk och innehåller på så vis grammatiska delar som inte återfinns i talat språk, exempelvis teckenrummet framför den som tecknar. I denna studie undersöks vad som förändras i tolkningen när det sker via en skärm och på så vis blir tvådimensionellt i stället för tredimensionellt för mottagaren. Även påverkan på tolkningen av att tolkanvändarna inte befinner sig i samma fysiska rum som tolken tas upp i undersökningen. Resultatet visar att distanstolkning begränsar teckenspråkets referenssystem i det tredimensionella rummet, men även användandet av kroppsspråket i ett tolkmedierat samtal. Vid på-platstolkning kan tolken vrida sig mot en tolkanvändare för att diskret få kontakt med denne, men vid tolkning på distans fungerar inte denna kroppsliga orientering som resurs på samma sätt med tanke på att skärmen är tvådimensionell och att tolkanvändaren inte befinner sig i samma rum som tolken. / This study examines professional sign language interpreters view on similarities and differences between interpreting on site and remote interpreting. The study also examines coordination and the understanding of the word by sign language interpreters. The material for this study consists of videorecorded interviews which have been analysed based on the study’s research questions. Sign language is a visual language and therefore has grammatical differences to spoken language, for example the signing space in front of the person signing. This study examines what parts of interpreting that change when it is performed remotely and therefore becomes two- instead of three-dimensional for the recipient. The study also investigates how the interpreting is affected when the interpreter users are not in the same physical room as the interpreter. The results show that remote interpreting limits the reference system as well as how bodily orientation is used as a resource in an interpreted conversation. The interpreter can turn towards an interpreter user during on-site interpreting in order to get their attention discreetly, however, in remote interpreting this body turn does not work in the same way, seeing as the screen is two dimensional and that the interpreter user is not in the same physical room as the interpreter.

Los estudios sobre la interpretación de señas han estado principalmente enfocados en la comprensión teórica de la especialidad (Napier, 2004; Janzen 2005; Bontempo, 2015), por lo que existe un vacío en cuanto a trabajos de corte empírico. En Perú, dicho vacío se refleja en la ausencia de centros educativos de nivel superior que expidan un título que acredite la especialidad. Por ello, en esta investigación reconstruimos los procesos que conforman la trayectoria profesional y laboral de cinco intérpretes de señas peruanos, fundadores de la Asociación de Intérpretes y Guías de Intérpretes de Lengua de Señas del Perú (ASISEP), para comprender sus perfiles sobre la base de su desarrollo y ejercicio profesionales a través del tiempo. Tras aplicar entrevistas semiestructuradas, concluimos que los participantes debieron complementar su aprendizaje experiencial inicial con capacitación internacional para lograr ejercer profesionalmente. Esperamos que este estudio sirva de referencia a la comunidad de intérpretes interesada en el campo de la lengua de señas: / Studies on sign language interpretation have been historically centered around theoretical comprehension (Napier, 2004; Janzen 2005; Bontempo, 2015), which has left a gap in empirical research on the subject. In Peru, this discrepancy is reflected on a lack of higher education institutions accredited to award degrees in this field. In our research, we delved into the processes that have shaped the study and career paths of five Peruvian sign language interpreters, founders of the Asociación de Intérpretes y Guías de Intérpretes de Lengua de Señas del Perú (ASISEP) (Proposal: the Sign Language Interpreters Association of Peru); our goal was to better understand their profiles based on their professional development and practice through time. We found, through a series of semi-structured interviews, that participants had had to complement their initial learning experience with additional international training in order to work professionally. It is our aim that this study be of use as a reference for the interpreting community interested in the field of sign language. / Tesis

This diploma thesis deals, in a broader sense, with classroom interaction betwen students and history teachers at secondary schools for hearing impaired in the Czech Republic. In a narrower sense, it examines a pattern of teacher's language behaviour and his/her motivation when choosing relevant language means during his/her history classes. The work consists of two parts - theoretical specialized background, and practical research. The theoretical part gives an overview of the relevant specialized terminology used in the Czech Republic and abroad, as well as a short insight into the development of classroom interaction between a student and a teacher at special schools and pays attention to the developmental linguo-didactic aspects in the Czech schools for hearing impaired. The practical part uses qualitative research as a means of a research method. I have observed and filmed history classes at three secondary schools for hearing impaired. As my research interests laid within the above mentioned research technique, I did not assess teaching methodology of the teachers. I focused mainly on the form of teacher's communication. Apart from class observation and filming, I also carried out an after-class interview with each teacher about his/her motivation for the choice of language behaviour. Special...