Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-02-22T19:07:45Z No. of bitstreams: 1 JaertonCarvalhoDeSousaJunior_DISSERT.pdf: 6721325 bytes, checksum: 70b215dbb7cad5997d7834c35f11759b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-03-06T22:50:28Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 JaertonCarvalhoDeSousaJunior_DISSERT.pdf: 6721325 bytes, checksum: 70b215dbb7cad5997d7834c35f11759b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-06T22:50:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JaertonCarvalhoDeSousaJunior_DISSERT.pdf: 6721325 bytes, checksum: 70b215dbb7cad5997d7834c35f11759b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-31 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / O objetivo principal desse estudo foi realizar um invent?rio flor?stico taxon?mico das Apocin?ceas ocorrentes nos remanescentes de Mata Atl?ntica do Rio Grande do Norte, atrav?s de consulta aos esp?cimes depositados nos herb?rios, expedi??es de campo e descri??o em laborat?rio dos esp?cimes coletados. Foram registradas 25 esp?cies em 18 g?neros e tr?s subfam?lias. Os g?neros com maior n?mero de esp?cies foram: Ditassa R.Br (4 spp.), Aspidosperma Mart. & Zucc. e Mandevilla Lindl. (3 spp.). Os demais g?neros est?o representados por uma esp?cie cada. S?o apresentadas oito novas ocorr?ncias para a Flora do estado e seus respectivos status de conserva??o. Das novas ocorr?ncias, cinco esp?cies s?o de g?neros aqui registrados pela primeira vez no estado (Cynanchum L., Macoubea Aubl., Odontadenia Benth., Tabernaemontana L. e Temnadenia Miers). S?o apresentadas chave de identifica??o, coment?rios taxon?micos e de distribui??o geogr?fica dos g?neros e esp?cies, descri??es, ilustra??es, fotos e mapas das esp?cies encontradas na ?rea de estudo.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-06-02T22:53:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ArthurDeSouzaSoares_DISSERT.pdf: 3203622 bytes, checksum: 8b7b33ba2abe93cb3c9b8ba7ca489c8b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-06-09T22:02:26Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 ArthurDeSouzaSoares_DISSERT.pdf: 3203622 bytes, checksum: 8b7b33ba2abe93cb3c9b8ba7ca489c8b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-09T22:02:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ArthurDeSouzaSoares_DISSERT.pdf: 3203622 bytes, checksum: 8b7b33ba2abe93cb3c9b8ba7ca489c8b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-07 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / Lamiaceae, 236 g?neros e cerca de 7.200 esp?cies distribu?das em sete subfam?lias, possui distribui??o cosmopolita, com a maioria de suas esp?cies ocorrendo na regi?o tropical do planeta. Para o Brasil s?o listadas 524 esp?cies em 46 g?neros, dentre as quais, seis g?neros e 343 esp?cies s?o end?micos. No estado do Rio Grande do Norte (RN), est?o catalogados oito g?neros e 13 esp?cies, onde apenas um g?nero e quatro esp?cies s?o end?micos do Brasil. Esta disserta??o est? dividida em dois cap?tulos, os quais s?o apresentados aqui como manuscritos independentes j? nos padr?es exigidos pelas revistas escolhidas para publica??o, cujas normas est?o anexadas a esta disserta??o. Os cap?tulos s?o: Lamiaceae no Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil, onde ? apresentado o tratamento taxon?mico e flor?stico da fam?lia Lamiaceae no estado do Rio Grande do Norte. Neste estudo foram registradas 30 esp?cies, das quais 14 s?o ex?ticas, naturalizadas ou cultivadas e 16 constituem as esp?cies nativas. As esp?cies Hyptis brevipes Poit. e Vitex rufescens A.Juss. ocorrem apenas no dom?nio Mata Atl?ntica, enquanto Amasonia campestris (Aubl.) Moldenke, Eriope macrostachya Mart. ex Benth., Gymneia platanifolia (Benth.) Harley & J.F.B.Pastore, Mesosphaerum pectinatum (L.) Kuntze, Hyptis lantanifolia Poir., Mesosphaerum sp., Vitex gardneriana Schauer, Vitex schaueriana Moldenke, ocorrem apenas no dom?nio Caatinga. As esp?cies Mesosphaerum suaveolens (L.) Kuntze e Marsypianthes chamaedrys (Vahl.) Kuntze foram as que apresentaram a maior distribui??o dentro do territ?rio do estado. No segundo cap?tulo, New records, conservation assessments and distribution of Lamiaceae in Rio Grande do Norte, northeastern, Brazil, ? apresentado o Status de conserva??o das esp?cies de Lamiaceae e sua distribui??o no RN incluindo as esp?cies e g?neros citados pela primeira vez para o estado. Entre as esp?cies nativas, tr?s foram classificadas como ?Amea?adas?, quatro como ?Vulner?veis?, tr?s s?o de ?Pouco Preocupante?, duas s?o ?Quase Amea?adas? e quatro s?o ?Dados Insuficientes?. O dom?nio fitogeogr?fico Caatinga, uma Floresta Tropical Sazonalmente Seca (SDTF), tem o maior n?mero de esp?cies de Lamiaceae, embora menos de 1% desta regi?o seja protegida por unidades de conserva??o. Este estudo revela o estado preocupante da conserva??o da fam?lia Lamiaceae na RN e a necessidade de a??es de conserva??o, como a cria??o de novas unidades de conserva??o para preservar a qualidade do habitat e as forma??es naturais remanescentes e monitorar popula??es na natureza. / Lamiaceae, 236 genera and about 7,200 species distributed in seven subfamilies, has cosmopolitan distribution, with most of its species occurring in the tropical region of the planet. For Brazil, 524 species are listed in 46 genera, of which six genera and 343 species are endemic. In the state of Rio Grande do Norte (RN), they are cataloged of genera and 13 species, where only one genus and four species are endemic to Brazil. This dissertation is divided into two chapters, which are presented here as independent manuscripts already in the standards required for journals chosen for publication, whose norms are attached to this dissertation. The chapters are: Lamiaceae in Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, where is the taxonomic and floristic treatment of the Lamiaceae family in the state of Rio Grande do Norte. In this study, 30 species were recorded, of which 14 are exotic, cultivated or cultivated, and 16 are native species. The species Hyptis brevipes Poit. e Vitex rufescens A.Juss. occur only in the Atlantic Forest domain, while Amasonia campestris (Aubl.) Moldenke, Eriope macrostachya Mart. Harley & J. F.B.Pastore, Mesosphaerum pectinatum (L.) Kuntze, Hyptis lantanifolia Poir., Mesosphaerum sp., Vitex gardneriana Schauer, Vitex schaueriana Moldenke, occur only in the Caatinga domain. The species Mesosphaerum suaveolens (L.) Kuntze and Marsypianthes chamaedrys (Vahl.) Kuntze were the ones that presented the largest distribution in the territory of the state. In the second chapter, New records, conservation assessments and distribution of Lamiaceae in Rio Grande do Norte, northeastern, Brazil, is presented the Status of conservation of the species of Lamiaceae and their distribution in the RN including the species and genera mentioned for the first time for the state. Among the native species, three were classified as 'Threatened', four as 'Vulnerable', three are 'Least Concern', two are 'Near Threatened' and four are 'Data Deficient'. The phytogeographical domain Caatinga, a Seasonally Dry Tropical Forest (SDTF), has the highest number of Lamiaceae species, although less than 1% of this region is protected by conservation units. This study reveals the worrying state of conservation of the Lamiaceae family in the NR and the need for conservation actions such as the creation of new conservation units to preserve the quality of the habitat and the remaining natural formations and to monitor populations in the wild.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-06-13T20:31:55Z No. of bitstreams: 1 AllysonSantosDeSouza_TESE.pdf: 3764109 bytes, checksum: 3586d800817b7e154772241a2ea2d533 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-06-19T15:05:08Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 AllysonSantosDeSouza_TESE.pdf: 3764109 bytes, checksum: 3586d800817b7e154772241a2ea2d533 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-19T15:05:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AllysonSantosDeSouza_TESE.pdf: 3764109 bytes, checksum: 3586d800817b7e154772241a2ea2d533 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-30 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq) / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / O extenso litoral brasileiro ? multipartido em diferentes ecossistemas, compostos por estu?rios, manguezais, sistemas recifais, ilhas costeiras e oce?nicas. Estes ambientes possuem uma ictiofauna bastante diversificada composta por 1.297 esp?cies, das quais aproximadamente 25% representam esp?cies end?micas. Esses n?veis de biodiversidade podem ser incertos, devido a ocorr?ncia de esp?cies cr?pticas e polit?picas e pela aus?ncia de estudos populacionais, sobretudo em esp?cies recifais. Neste sentido, foram analisados aspectos populacionais, taxon?micos e filogen?ticos de esp?cies das fam?lias Pomacentridae (Perciformes) e Carangidae (Carangiformes), distribu?dos ao longo da costa e ilhas oce?nicas brasileiras. As an?lises moleculares e morfom?tricas realizadas em S. variabilis, S. fuscus, S. rocasensis, S. sanctipauli e S. fuscus trindadensis indicaram sinon?mia entre S. rocasensis e S. sanctipauli, e entre S. fuscus e S. fuscus trindadensis. Al?m disso, revelaram a presen?a de uma poss?vel esp?cie cr?ptica que tem sido confundida com S. variabilis. As an?lises populacionais em Abudefduf saxatilis no Atl?ntico Ocidental, incluindo as ilhas oce?nicas, revelam um quadro de panmixia desde a Venezuela at? o sudeste do Brasil, enquanto que as popula??es insulares possuem diferentes n?veis de estrutura??o gen?tica, sobretudo a da Ilha de Trindade. As an?lises gen?ticas na esp?cie polit?pica Caranx lugubris indicaram uma grande popula??o panm?tica no Atl?ntico Ocidental, lan?ando novos dados sobre a origem dos morf?tipos que ocorrem no entorno do Arquip?lago de S?o Pedro e S?o Paulo. Os dados obtidos aprofundam o conhecimento da fauna ?ctica insular do Atl?ntico e servem de subs?dios para o manejo e conserva??o de esp?cies dessas importantes e particulares regi?es oce?nicas. / The extensive Brazilian coast is multi-party in different ecosystems, composed by estuaries, mangroves, reef systems, oceanic and coastal islands. These environments detain a largely diversified ichthyofauna composed by 1,297 species, in which 25% represents endemic species. These levels of biodiversity can be uncertain, because of the occurrence of cryptic and polytypic species and the absence of population studies, especially in reef species. In this sense, population, taxonomical and phylogenetical aspects were analyzed form species of the Pomacentridae (Perciformes) and Carangidae (Carangiformes) families, along the coast and oceanic islands of Brazil. The molecular and morphometric analyzes were performed in S. variabilis, S. fuscus, S. rocasensis, S. sanctipauli and S. fuscus trindadensis indicated synonym among S. rocasensis and S. sanctipauli, and between S. fuscus and S. fuscus trindadensis. Besides that, revealed the presence of a possible cryptic species which has been confused with S. variabilis. The population analyzes in Abudefduf saxatilis at the Western Atlantic, including the oceanic islands, reveals a status of panmixia from Venezuela to the Southeast of Brazil, while the island populations have different levels of genetic structuration, specially the population of the Trindade island. The genetic analyzes in the polytypic species Caranx lugubris indicated a large panmitic population in the Western Atlantic, revealing new data about the origins of the morphotypes that occurs in the surroundings of the Saint Paul Rocks archipelago. The data obtained expands the knowledge over the insular ichthyic fauna of the Atlantic and serves as subsidy to the conservation and management of species of these particular and important oceanic regions.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-07-04T14:06:52Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TianisaPratesBoeira_DISSERT.pdf: 9182882 bytes, checksum: 8fcb0e813beef7ee99fa80896802209b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-07-13T11:37:43Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TianisaPratesBoeira_DISSERT.pdf: 9182882 bytes, checksum: 8fcb0e813beef7ee99fa80896802209b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-13T11:37:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TianisaPratesBoeira_DISSERT.pdf: 9182882 bytes, checksum: 8fcb0e813beef7ee99fa80896802209b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-31 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / Rubiaceae ? a quarta fam?lia mais representativa em n?mero de esp?cies dentre as Angiospermas, com 13.526 esp?cies em 620 g?neros. No Brasil, a fam?lia ? representada por 1.375 esp?cies, sendo 389 ocorrentes no Nordeste. A tribo Spermacoceae apresenta distribui??o pantropical e ? caracterizada por plantas predominantemente herb?ceas com est?pulas fimbriadas e flores geralmente tetr?meras, representadas no Brasil por 217 esp?cies em 17 g?neros. O presente estudo teve como objetivo o estudo taxon?mico das Spermacoceae no Rio Grande do Norte (RN), a fim de contribuir para o conhecimento sobre a flora do estado, bem como auxiliar na identifica??o correta das esp?cies do grupo, as quais s?o facilmente confundidas morfologicamente, mesmo ao n?vel de g?nero. Para este estudo, foram realizadas expedi??es cient?ficas a campo, para coleta e observa??o das Spermacoceae, em ?reas de Mata Atl?ntica e Caatinga do estado, seguidas de identifica??o e descri??o das esp?cies coletadas e depositadas em herb?rios. Foram encontradas 24 esp?cies e oito g?neros. Os g?neros mais representativos foram Borreria (8 spp.), Mitracarpus (6 spp.) e Hexasepalum (4 spp.); os demais: Oldenlandia (2 spp.) e Leptoscela, Richardia, Spermacoce e Staelia com apenas uma esp?cie cada. Seis esp?cies s?o registradas pela primeira vez para a flora do Rio Grande do Norte: Borreria ocymifolia, Mitracarpus baturitensis, M. hirtus, M. longicalyx, Oldenlandia corymbosa e Staelia virgata. S?o apresentadas descri??es, ilustra??es, chave de identifica??o e dados acerca do h?bitat, fenologia e distribui??o geogr?fica das esp?cies. / Rubiaceae is the fourth largest family of Angiosperms, with 13.526 species and 620 genera. In Brazil, the family is represented by 1.375 species, of which 389 occurs in the Northeast region. The Spermacoceae is a tribe with pantropical distribution pattern, characterized by predominantly herbaceous plants with fimbriate stipules and flowers usually tetramerous, represented in Brazil by 217 species and 17 genera. This study aimed the taxonomic survey of the Spermacoceae in Rio Grande do Norte (RN), in order to contribute to the knowledge of the flora, as well as offer support to the correct identification of this group's species, which are easily confused due to the morphological resemblance, even at the generic level. For this study, field expeditions were made to collect and observe the Spermacoceae in areas of the Atlantic Forest and Caatinga in the state, followed by the identification, description of the specimens and further incorporation in herbaria. Were registred 24 species and eight genera. The most species-rich genera were Borreria (8 spp.), Mitracarpus (6 spp.) and Hexasepalum (4 spp.); Oldenlandia (2 spp.) each and Leptoscela, Richardia, Spermacoce e Staelia had only one species each. Six species are new records for the flora of Rio Grande do Norte: Borreria ocymifolia, Mitracarpus baturitensis, M. hirtus, M. longicalyx, Oldenlandia corymbosa e Staelia virgata. Descriptions, illustrations, identification key, habitat data, fenology and distribution of the species are presented.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-07-17T13:30:06Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DonisDaSilvaAlfredo_TESE.pdf: 10703319 bytes, checksum: 2a0e83dae0526396b51ee03f2edc8b39 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-07-19T14:52:46Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DonisDaSilvaAlfredo_TESE.pdf: 10703319 bytes, checksum: 2a0e83dae0526396b51ee03f2edc8b39 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-19T14:52:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DonisDaSilvaAlfredo_TESE.pdf: 10703319 bytes, checksum: 2a0e83dae0526396b51ee03f2edc8b39 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-30 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq) / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / Em uma estimativa sobre a biodiversidade da terra acredita-se haver entorno de 50 milh?es de esp?cies e para os fungos acredita-se que essa estimativa gira em torno de 5,1 milh?es de esp?cies, o que levaria cerca de 1000 anos para os taxonomistas identificassem todas essas esp?cies. Os taxonomistas t?m empregado muito esfor?o para identificar essas esp?cies de fungos, incluindo o g?nero representante dos chamados ?puffballs? -Lycoperdon Pers. Durante um longo per?odo, a taxonomia do g?nero Lycoperdon se baseou fundamentalmente em caracteres morfol?gicos, e muitos conceitos adotados para nomear esp?cies tem se mostrado divergentes entre os taxonomistas. At? o final da d?cada de 80, diversos trabalhos de taxonomia morfol?gica foram publicados e ajudaram a ampliar o conhecimento sobre a diversidade de esp?cies de Lycoperdon em quase todos os continentes, no entanto, em muitos casos a morfologia n?o ? suficiente para segregar esp?cies cr?pticas, ou esclarecer problemas de diverg?ncia quanto a sinonimiza??o de t?xons. No in?cio da d?cada de 90 houve uma revolu??o na taxonomia de fungos com o uso de ferramentas moleculares na classifica??o de esp?cies, relac?es filogen?ticas e identifica??o novos t?xons. Representantes do g?nero Lycoperdon foram estudados por meio dessa nova ferramenta somente no in?cio do s?culo 21, e logo em seguida em 2008, com os trabalhos de Larsoon e Jeppson, sendo que alguns g?neros como Morganella e Vascellum foram reconhecidos como subg?neros de Lycoperdon. Durante esse per?odo outra ferramenta passou a ganhar espa?o na identifica??o de esp?cies por meio de um c?digo de barras molecular, e essa ferramenta passou a ser usada na identifica??o de animais, plantas e fungos, usando dentre outra, a regi?o espa?adora transcrita interna (ITS), embora, at? o presente momento, nenhum trabalho de DNA ?barcoding? havia sido realizado com as esp?cies do g?nero Lycoperdon. O presente trabalho teve o objetivo de revisar as esp?cies do g?nero Lycoperdon para Am?rica do Sul, identificando-as com base nos caracteres morfol?gicos e no uso da regi?o ITS como DNA ?barconding? de fungos e, posteriormente, adicionando a regi?o da subunidade maior (LSU) do nrDNA para avaliar se ao adicionar as esp?cies sul-americanas, Morganella seguiria como subg?nero de Lycoperdon. Para isso, foram realizados empr?stimos de herb?rios nacionais e internacionais; usando literatura especializada na taxonomia do g?nero Lycoperdon e com ajuda de renomados especialistas do grupo, as esp?cies de Lycoperdon foram identificadas. Posteriormente, foi extra?do o DNA de pequenas por??es internas do basidiomas; logo em seguida o produto extra?do foi amplificado e sequenciado; as sequ?ncias foram editadas e submetidas ? busca por similaridade no GenBank utilizando o programa BLAST para checar se as sequ?ncias se assemelhavam as regi?es comparadas; uma vez realizado esse processo as sequ?ncias foram corridas em an?lises de M?xima Parcim?nia e dist?ncia (K2P) utilizando o programa PAUP; a ?rvore de dist?ncia se obteve por Neighbor-Joining. Al?m disso, foi realizada a an?lise Bayesiana no programa MrBayes; as ?rvores geradas foram visualizadas no FigTree e editadas no programa InkScap. Com base somente no ITS como DNA barcoding do g?nero Lycoperdon, obteve-se os seguintes resultados: 65% das amostras obtiveram sucesso de amplifica??o; foram identificadas 19 esp?cies, excluindo aquelas que estavam sob Morganella, para Am?rica do Sul e Central; quatro t?xons s?o primeiros registros para o continente sul-americacano: Lycoperdon calvescens, L. endotephrum, L. ericaeum e L. eximium; e foi erguido um novo subg?nero: Lycoperdon subg. Arenicola. Com base nas an?lises de morfol?gia e DNA barcoding foi poss?vel identificar 43 esp?cies do g?nero Lycoperdon, sendo que destas, 30 esp?cies s?o reportadas para Am?rica do Sul e Central; poucas esp?cies se encontram nos dois hemisf?rios (aprox. 30 %). Com estes resultados, conclu?mos que ITS como DNA ?barcoding? de Lycoperdon ? promissor, embora alguns grupos necessitem incluir mais esp?cimes e marcadores. A taxonomia morfol?gica continua sendo crucial na interpreta??o de dados geradas pela taxonomia molecular.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-07-17T13:30:06Z No. of bitstreams: 1 FrancoiseDantasDeLima_TESE.pdf: 8585044 bytes, checksum: 0ae8905bac9e200a95b966507fc7aa0e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-07-19T15:09:29Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 FrancoiseDantasDeLima_TESE.pdf: 8585044 bytes, checksum: 0ae8905bac9e200a95b966507fc7aa0e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-19T15:09:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FrancoiseDantasDeLima_TESE.pdf: 8585044 bytes, checksum: 0ae8905bac9e200a95b966507fc7aa0e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-04-07 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / A abordagem integrativa aplicada ? conserva??o de uma esp?cie ? essencial para a compreens?o dos fatores que contribuem para a diversifica??o de popula??es, processos de especia??o e identifica??o de padr?es ecol?gicos. Para tra?ar um panorama de conserva??o para Octopus insularis, foi adotada uma abordagem integrativa que envolve elementos da filogenia, filogeografia, Barcoding, modelagem do nicho clim?tico e gen?tica da paisagem. O presente estudo foi realizado em 15 localidades da costa oeste e ilhas oce?nicas do Atl?ntico Tropical. Foi identificado um aumento da ?rea de distribui??o de O. insularis para o mar do Caribe, o qual confirma o alto potencial da esp?cie para dominar ambientes de ?guas quentes e rasas. Al?m disso, verificou-se problemas com a identifica??o incorreta das esp?cies que comp?em os estoques pesqueiros dessa regi?o e do Golfo do M?xico, o que pode amea?ar a esp?cie end?mica O. maya. Atrav?s do enfoque filogen?tico com infer?ncia biogeogr?fica, foi poss?vel identificar o Caribe como poss?vel centro de origem do O. insularis, a qual divergiu de outras do g?nero ap?s o soerguimento do Istmo do Panam?. Tr?s clados contendo esp?cies transistimianas confirmam a import?ncia desse evento geol?gico no processo de especia??o em oct?podes. A influ?ncia dos processos clim?ticos subsequentes nas popula??es de O. insularis foi analisada atrav?s da modelagem do nicho em cinco cen?rios temporais. A an?lise revelou expans?o do nicho de O. insularis, em dire??o a regi?es temperadas nos cen?rios de aquecimento global. J? a filogeografia, estrutura??o populacional mostrou quatro popula??es/estoques bem delimitados geneticamente, devido ao regime da Corrente Sul Equatorial e montes submersos. Tais resultados corroboram a hip?tese do isolamento por Resist?ncia. Os resultados do presente estudo permitiram uma vis?o hol?stica dos fatores gen?ticos, ecol?gicos e oceanogr?ficos que influenciam a esp?cie O. insularis e auxiliaram a tra?ar um atual panorama de conserva??o e regulamenta??o da esp?cie, bem como sugerir futuras medidas de manejo para e esp?cie. / The integrative approach applied to species conservation is essential to understand the factors that contribute to population diversification, speciation processes and identification of ecological patterns. To propose a panorama for the conservation of Octopus insularis, a wide distributed species in the Tropical Atlantic, an integrative approach involving phylogeny, phylogeography, Barcoding, climatic niche modeling and landscape genetics was adopted. The present study was performed in 15 localities of the Tropical Atlantic west coast and oceanic islands. It was identified a northward increase in the O. insularis distribution area towards the Caribbean Sea, which confirms high potential of this species to dominate warm and shallow waters. Furthermore, misidentification of the species that compose fisheries stocks in the Gulf of Mexico was detected, which may threaten the endemic species O. maya. By using phylogeny approach with biogeographic interference, it was possible to identify Caribbean Sea as an origin area of O. insularis, which diverged from others congeners after the uplift of Isthmus of Panama. Tree clades formed by transisthmian species confirmed the importance of this geological event on speciation processes in octopod. The influence of the historical e future climate changes on distribution and expansion of O. insularis populations was analyzed by ecological niche modeling in five temporal scenarios. The analysis revealed a climatic niche expansion of O. insularis towards temperate regions on global warming scenarios. Whereas, phylogeography and population structure showed four populations/stocks well delimited, mainly due to South Equatorial Current and seamounts. These results corroborate the Isolation by Distance hypothesis. The present results allowed a holistic view, including genetic, ecology and oceanographic factors, which influences O. insularis life history. Those findings can help to build an actual panorama of species conservation and regulation, as well, to suggest future management measures to attenuate possible consequence of global climatic changes.

O principal objetivo deste trabalho é mostrar que, no presidencialismo multipartidário brasileiro, as políticas públicas implementadas pelo Executivo são resultantes do processo de agregação de preferências dos diferentes atores partidários que integram o gabinete de governo. Posto que os partidos aceitam integrar coalizões de governo em função da expectativa de agregar suas preferências à agenda de políticas do Executivo, os conflitos intragabinete são derivados da não efetivação desta expectativa. Argumento que, embora sejam delegadas aos integrantes do gabinete áreas ministeriais específicas, os partidos da coalizão monitoram as áreas de policy dos seus parceiros de governo, na tentativa de diminuir a assimetria de informação e agregar suas preferências às políticas que lhes interessam. Para tanto, investigo de que forma os parlamentares utilizam as suas prerrogativas de controle horizontal - [i] Requerimentos de Informação (RIC), [ii] Propostas de Fiscalização e Controle (PFC) e [iii] Projeto de Decreto Legislativo (PDC) - para obter informações sobre a implementação de políticas nos ministérios dos partidos parceiros do gabinete. A análise compreende o período entre 1995 e 2014, nos governos Fernando Henrique Cardoso (FHC), Luís Inácio da Silva (LULA) e Dilma Rousseff (DILMA). As evidências apresentadas neste trabalho sugerem que a taxa de controle horizontal intragabinete varia positivamente com o grau de dispersão de preferências dos partidos representados no governo. Em função da motivação policyseeking dos atores que integram o gabinete, os partidos que possuem mais recursos para a implementação de políticas públicas são também aqueles que recebem o maior volume de controle dos seus parceiros de gabinete. Como consequência, são os partidos da coalizão de governo os principais responsáveis por monitorar as ações de implementação de políticas públicas do Executivo. Ao contrário do que ocorre no momento de formulação das políticas no gabinete e no parlamento, o peso legislativo dos partidos integrantes do governo importa pouco para a capacidade destes atores agregarem suas preferências às policies. Isso explica o que ganham os partidos que aceitam integrar as coalizões de governo e revela qual o mecanismo que viabiliza a manutenção de um pacto político firmado entre atores com preferências distintas e heterogêneas. / The aim of this study is to show that public policies implemented by the executive branch in the Brazilian multiparty presidential system are the result of aggregating the preferences of different party members within the government cabinet. Parties agree to integrate into the coalition government because they expect to be able to add their preferences to the government policy agenda. However, when parties are unable to influence the policy agenda, it often results in intra-cabinet conflicts. I argue that, although the chief executive delegates specific portfolios to each cabinet member, the parties scrutinize the policies carried out by the government members in an attempt to reduce the asymmetric information and add their preferences to policies that concern them. For this purpose, I investigate how legislative membres use their horizontal control prerogative - [i] Requerimentos de Informação (RIC), [ii] Propostas de Fiscalização e Controle (PFC) e [iii] Projeto de Decreto Legislativo (PDC) - to obtain information on the policy process of policy implementation within the portfolios held by cabinet members. This study analyzes data from 1995 to 2014, in the Fernando Henrique Cardoso (FHC), Luís Inácio da Silva (LULA) and Dilma Rousseff (DILMA) administrations. The evidence presented in this study suggests that the intra-cabinet horizontal control varies positively with the degree of dispersion of policy preferences in the cabinet government. As a result of the policy-seeking motivation of the actors who comprise the government coalition, parties with more resources for the implementation of public policies are also those that receive the greatest amount of control over other members of the cabinet. Thus, the government coalition parties are primarily responsible for monitoring the implementation of federal programs. Unlike what is observed at the time of policy formulation in the cabinet and in parliament, the proportion of coalition seats/votes a member contributed is of small importance to the ability of these actors to aggregate their prefered policies. This explains what the parties receive when they agree to integrate into the cabinet and reveals the mechanism that enables the maintenance of a political pact between actors with different and heterogeneous preferences.

<p>Metoda pro&scaron;irene stvarnosti omogućava prikaz stvarnog sveta dopunjenog<br />virtuelnim objektima i nalazi primenu u prezentaciji virtuelnih 3D modela<br />arhitektonskih objekata. U ovom istraživanju unapređen je konceptualni<br />automatski sistem za prezentaciju trodimenzionalnih modela arhitektonskih<br />objekata metodom pro&scaron;irene stvarnosti. Razvijen je novi algoritam za<br />pravilan prikaz okluzije u sistemima prezentacije arhitektonskih objekata<br />metodom pro&scaron;irene stvarnosti. Delovi ovog sistema su detaljnije razrađeni u<br />cilju re&scaron;avanja određenih problema realističnosti prezentacije 3D modela<br />arhitektonskih objekata.</p> / <p>The method of Augmented Reality enables a real world display,<br />supplemented by virtual structures, and it finds its use in the presentation of<br />virtual 3D models of architectural structures. In this research a conceptual<br />automatic system for the presentation of three-dimensional models of<br />architectural structures using the method of Augmented Reality is improved.<br />Particular parts of this system are elaborated in more detail in order to solve<br />particular problems regarding the realistic displays of the presentation. A<br />new algorithm for correct occlusion handling in the presentation of 3D models<br />of architectural structures by the method of Augmented Reality was<br />developed.</p>

<p>Predmet istraživanja ove doktorske disertacije<br />je osiguranje kvaliteta u radioterapiji. U okviru<br />rada na disertaciji je sprovedena klinička<br />verifikacija sistema za planiranje terapije u<br />vedim radioterapijskim centrima u Srbiji sa<br />ciljem obezbeđivanja optimalnog kori&scaron;denja<br />TPS i bezbedne radioterapije. Ova verifikacija<br />predstavlja bitan deo QA radioterapijskog<br />procesa, gde se nakon početne verifikacije<br />prikupljeni podaci koriste i za dalje periodične<br />provere u okviru osiguranja kvaliteta. Dalje<br />istraživanje je sprovedeno u cilju<br />implementacije in vivo dozimetrije u kliničku<br />praksu kao veoma bitne procedure za<br />osiguranje kvaliteta čitavog radioterapijskog<br />procesa, od preskripcije do isporuke doze. Na<br />taj način su određeni nivoi tolerancije/akcije za<br />različite grupe pacijenata i određene<br />radioterapijske tehnike. Takođe, procenjena je<br />tačnost radioterapijskog procesa na Institutu za<br />onkologiju Vojvodine u Sremskoj Kamenici.</p> / <p>The subject of this dissertation is quality<br />assurance (QA) in radiotherapy. As part of the<br />thesis was conducted clinical verification of<br />treatment planning systems (TPS) in major<br />radiotherapy centers in Serbia in order to<br />ensure the optimal usage of TPS and safe<br />radiotherapy. This TPS verification is an<br />important part of radiotherapy QA process,<br />where after an initial verification of the data<br />collected and then used for further periodic<br />checks as part of quality assurance. Further<br />research was conducted in order to implement<br />in vivo dosimetry in clinical practice as a very<br />important procedure for quality assurance of<br />the entire radiotherapy process, from<br />prescription to dose delivery. In this way,<br />tolerance/actions levels for different groups of<br />patients and specific radiation technique were<br />determined. Also, the accuracy of the<br />radiotherapy process at the Institute of<br />oncology of Vojvodina in Sremska Kamenica<br />was estimated.</p>

<p>Uvod: Primarna fokalna hiperhidroza (PFH) je poremećaj nepoznate etiologije koji se karakteri&scaron;e prekomernim znojenjem na predilekcionim mestima. Podjednako se javlja kod osoba mu&scaron;kog i ženskog pola tokom dvadesetih i početkom tridesetih godina života, pri čemu se smatra da je učestalos PFH oko 2,8% u ukupnoj populaciji. Nastaje kao posledica hiperaktivnosti simaptičkog nervnog sistema ka znojnim žlezdama. Karakteristično je za PFH da se ne javlja noću, &scaron;to sugeri&scaron;e da emocionalni stimulus igra bitnu ulogu u nastanku ovog poremećaja. Bilateralna torakoskopska simpatektomija (BTS) je minimalno invazivna hirur&scaron;ka procedura koja se danas primenjuje u trajnom lečenju PFH, sa niskom stopom komplikacija i omogućava lečenje kao jednodnevne hirur&scaron;ke procedure. Ciljevi ovog istraživanja su bili: a) da se ispita ukupna efikasnost BTS na trajno smanjenje PFH predilekcionih delova tela - dlanova, pazu&scaron;nih jama, lica i stopala; b) da se ispita efiksanost BTS kod osoba sa PFH u odnosu na različite nivoe transekcije simpatičkog lanca; c) da se ispita uticaj BTS na plućnu i srčanu funkciju kod operisanih osoba sa PFH; d) da se ispita pojava, trajanje i intenzitet kompenzatornog znojenja nakon BTS kod operisanih osoba sa PFH; e) da se ispita pojava, trajanje, lokalizacija i tretman postoperativnog bola nakon BTS kod osoba sa PFH; f) da se utvrde postoperativne komplikacije BTS kod osoba sa PFH; i g) da se ispita uticaj BTS na kvalitet života kod operisanih osoba sa PFH. Radna hipoteza istraživanja je bila da hirur&scaron;ka procedura - minimlano invazivna BTS ima značajan efekat na prekomerno znojenje na predilekcionim mestima kod osoba sa PFH, da je praćena sa minimalnim morbiditetom, bez kliničkog uticaja na plućnu i srčanu funkciju i da značajno pobolj&scaron;ava kvalitet života operisanih osoba. Materijal i metod: Urađena je prospektivna klinička studija koja je uključila 435 osoba sa PFH, koji su operisani bilateralnom torakoskopskom simpatektomijom, na Klinici za grudnu hirurgiju, Instituta za plućne bolesti Vojvodine u Sremskoj Kamenici između 2010 i 2014 godine. Kriterijumi za uključivanje u studiju bili su: a) da su osobe sa utvrđenom i procenjenom PFH pristale da učestvuju u istraživanju ispunjavajući preoperativno i postoperativno upitnike o efektima BTS i kvalitetu života nakon operacije; b) da nisu imali prethodne grudno hirur&scaron;ke intervencije, frakture rebara, masivne pneumonije ili empijem pleure; c) da nisu imali te&scaron;ki poremećaj plućne ili srčane funkcije; d) da ne boluju od sekundarne hiperhidroze. Primarna fokalna hiperhidroza je bila ustanovljena i procenjena anamnestičkim podacima, kliničkom slikom i pregledom koji je bio fokusiran na kvalitativno ispitivanje. Bilateralna torakoskopska simpatektomija izvođena je u op&scaron;toj anesteziji, a transekcija simpatičkog lanca je rađena pomoću ultrazvučno aktiviranog skalpela. Osobe sa izvedenom BTS zbog PFH bile su klasifikovane u tri grupe, u zavisnosti od nivoa transekcije simpatičkog lanca: a) transekcija na nivou drugog do četvrtog torakalnog gangliona (T2-T4); b) transekcija na nivou trećeg do četvrtog torakalnog gangliona (T3-T4); i c) transekcija na nivou drugog do trećeg torakalnog gangliona (T2-T3). Za procenu kompenzatornog znojenja i kvaliteta života kori&scaron;ćene je: Hyperhidrosis Disease Severity Scale (HDSS) za intenzitet kompenzatornog znojenja i kvaliteta života nakon BTS. Rezultati: Od 435 osoba sa PFH kod kojih je urađena BTS, bilo je 142 (32,64%) osobe mu&scaron;kog pola i 293 (67,36%) osoba ženskog pola, prosečne starosti od 29,68&plusmn;7,6 godina. Pozitivan nasledni faktor navelo je 167 osoba (38,62%). Najče&scaron;ća lokalizacija prekomernog znojenja kod osoba u ovom istraživanju je bila kombinacija dlanova, pazu&scaron;nih jama i tabana, koju je imalo 167 osoba (38,39%). Pre operacije, preko 60% ispitivanih osoba je navelo da im je kvalitet života lo&scaron; ili izuzetno lo&scaron;. Kod svih operisanih osoba u ovom istraživanju, operacija je izvedena uspe&scaron;no obostrano. Nije bilo smrtnih ishoda. Od intraoperativnih komplikacija zabeležena je jedna konverzija (0,23%) u minitorakotomiju zbog krvavljenja iz interkostalne vene. Neposredni postoperativni uspeh BTS kod operisanih osoba zbog PFH, a na osnovu prve kontrole posle nedelju dana bio je zabeležen kod svih (99,54%), osim kod dve osobe (0,46%) koje su imale postoperativne komplikacije: pareza n. ulnarisa i Hornerov sindrom kod jedne osobe i Horner sindrom kod druge osobe. Postoperativni morbiditet nakon BTS bio je zabeležen kod 32 osobe (7,35%). Izrazito pobolj&scaron;anje, odnosno značajno smanjenje znojenja kod osoba sa PFH zabeleženo je kod 428 operisanih (98,39%). Osobe sa transekcijom simpatičkog lanca na nivou gangliona T3-T4 imali su najbolji rezultat sa pobolj&scaron;anjem kvaliteta života u 85,03% operisanih. Kompenzatorno znojenje se nakon BTS javilo kod 316 (72,64%) operisanih osoba, a samo 2,53% je navelo da je postoperativno kompenzatorno znojenje izuzetno jakog intenziteta. Postoperativni bol bio je prisutan kod 79,77% operisanih osoba, sa prosečnim trajanjem do dve nedelje. Analgetike je postoperativno koristilo 24,21% anketiranih osoba. Od 287 operisanih osoba u ovom istraživanju, koji su pre operacije naveli da su imali i prekomerno znojenje tabana, nakon 6 meseci 185 osoba (64,46%) je navelo da se prekomerno znojenje tabana smanjilo. Iako postoji statistička značajnost u promeni vitalnog kapaciteta u smislu njegovog povećanja &scaron;est meseci nakon BTS (sa 4,49&plusmn;1,15 L na 4,54&plusmn;1,11 L), ta promena nije bila klinički relevantna. Promene u krvnom pritisku i srčanom pulsu, iako zabeležene, takođe nisu imale klinički značaj. Kvalitet života, pre BTS ocenjen kao lo&scaron; (i izuzetno lo&scaron;) bio je prisutan kod 265 osoba (60, 92%), a 6 meseci posle operacije ocenjen je kao odličan i dobar kod 428 osoba (98,39%). Zaključak: BTS kao minimalno invazivna hirur&scaron;ka procedura kod osoba sa PFH ima minimalni morbiditet, a visoku uspe&scaron;nost u smanjenju prekomernog znojenja na predilekcionim mestima, sa pobolj&scaron;anjem kvaliteta života kod 98,39% operisanih, sa minimalnim promenama plućne i srčane funkcije koje nisu klinički relevantne.</p> / <p>Primary focal hyperhidrosis (PFH) is a disorder of an unknown etiology, characterized by excessive sweating of predilective parts of the body. It affects men and women equally, with a peak incidence in the later second and early third decades of life, with incidence of up to 2,8% of the world population. It is caused by hyperactivity of the sympathetic nervous system to the sweat glands. It has been shown that PFH does not occur during the sleeping times, which suggests that emotional stimuli play an important role in this disorder. Bilateral thoracoscopic sympathectomy (BTS) is minimal invasive surgical procedure, which has evolved into an effective and permanent treatment for severe PFH, with low rate of morbidity and it can be performed as the one day surgical procedure. The aims of this investigation were: a) to examine the overall efficiency of BTS on permanent reduction of PFH of predilective parts of the body-palms, armpits, faces and soles; b) to examine the efficiency of BTS with different levels of transection among the persons with the PFH; c) to examine the influence of BTS on cardio-pulmonary function tests in persons with PFH after the operation; d) to examine the incidence, duration and intensity of compensatory sweating after BTS among persons with PFH; e) to examine the incidence, duration, localization and treatment of postoperative pain after BTS among persons with PFH; f) to determine postoperative complications of BTS among persons with PFH; g) to examine the influence of BTS on quality of life among persons with PFH. The working hypothesis of this investigation is that surgical procedure &ndash; minimal invasive BTS has the permanent effect on excessive sweating of predilective parts of the body among persons with PFH, followed by minimal morbidity, without clinical influence on cardio-pulmonary function and significantly improves the quality of life among persons with PFH. This was a prospective clinical study which included 435 patients with PFH, who have been operated with BTS, at the Clinic for Thoracic surgery, the Institute for pulmonary diseases of Vojvodina, Sremska Kamenica, between 2010 and 2014. The including criteria for the investigation were: a) persons with confirmed and estimated PFH accepted to participate in this investigation, fulfilling pre and postoperatively questionnaire about BTS effects and quality of life after the operation; b) absence of previous thoracic surgical procedures, rib fractures, massive pneumonias or pleural empyema; c) satisfactory cardio-respiratory function; d) absence of secondary hyperhidrosis. Primary focal hyperhidrosis was confirmed and estimated by anamnesis, clinical examination focused on qualitatively examination. Bilateral thoracoscopic sympathectomy was performed with general anesthesia, using harmonic scalpel for transection of sympathetic chain. Persons with PFH who underwent the BTS were classified into three groups, depending the level of transaction of sympathetic chain: a) transection at the level from the second to the forth thoracic sympathetic ganglion (T2-T4); b) transection at the level from the third to the forth thoracic sympathetic ganglion (T3-T4); c) transection at the level from the second to the third thoracic sympathetic ganglion (T2-T3). For the assessment of postoperative pain, compensatory sweating and quality of life next scales have been used: standardized numeric pain rating scale and Hyperhidrosis Disease Severity Scale (HDSS) for intensity of compensatory sweating and quality of life. Among 435 persons with PFH who underwent the BTS in this investigation, 142 (32,64%) were male and 293 (67,36%) female persons, with mean age of 29,68&plusmn;7,6. There was no mortality or serious intraoperative complications that required operative conversio from minimal invasive surgical procedure to thoracotomy. Among 435 persons with PFH who underwent the BTS in this investigation, 142 (32,64%) were male and 293 (67,36%) female persons, with mean age of 29,68&plusmn;7,6. Positive genetic factor has been found in 167 persons (38,62%). The most common localisation of excessive sweating in this investigation was the combination of palms, armpits and soles in 167 persons (38,39%). Before the operation, over 60% of persons estimated their quallity of life as bad or very bad. The operation was successfully performed in all patients bilaterally. There was no mortality in this investigation. There was one intraoperative complication, bleeding from intercostal vein, requiring conversion to minithoracotomy. Immediatelly postoperative success after BTS seven days after the operation was achieved in all persons accepted in two persons (0,46%) due to the postoperative complications: nervous ulnaris paresis and Horner syndrome in one person and Horener syndome in the other person. Postoperative morbidity after the BTS was recoreded in 32 persons (7,35%). Marked improvement, as significant reduction of sweating in persons with PFH was achieved in 428 operated persons (98,39%). Transection of sympathetic chain on level T3-T4 achieved improvement of quality of life in 85,03% operated persons with PFH. Compensatory sweating after the BTS has occurred in 316 (72,64%) operated persons, but only 2,53% operated persons declared compensatory sweating as severe. Postoperative pain was presented in 79,77% operated persons, with average duration of two weeks. Analgetics used only 24,21% of operated persons. There were 287 operated persons in this investigation, who claimed to have plantar hyperhidrosis before the operation and six months after the operation 185 persons (64,46%) claimed to have a reduction of plantar sweating. Although there was a clinical significance in changes of vital capacity after the BTS (from 4,49&plusmn;1,15 L to 4,54&plusmn;1,11 L), ther was no clinical significance. Changes in blood pressure and heart rate, although recoreded, had no clinical significance. Quality of life, before the BTS was recorded as bad or very bad in 265 persons (60,92%), and six months after the operation as excellent or good in 428 persons (98,39%) persons. Conclusion: In patients with PFH, BTS as minimal invasive surgical procedure, has a minimal morbidity and high success in treatment of excessive sweating, with improvemnet of quality of life in 98,39% operated person, with changes in cardio-pulmonary functions that are not clinical relevant.</p>