This dissertation examines the role that culinary entrepreneurship communities of practice, using Lave and Wenger's Legitimate Peripheral Participation (LPP) model (Lave & Wenger, 1991), can lead to better social and economic inclusion for Middle Eastern Muslim refugee chefs in Utah. The life history approach was used to construct life histories for two Middle Eastern Muslim refugee chefs in Utah who joined the Spice Kitchen Incubator (SKI) program. SKI is a community of practice funded by the International Rescue Committee to assist refugee chefs in the resettlement process. This was an exploratory study, and given the limited number of cases reviewed, the conclusions cannot be generalized. However, this study concludes that SKI, as a community of practice, despite the many difficulties faced by refugee programs in the period 2016-2018 (the study period), had a positive impact on the social and economic inclusion outcomes for the participants.

Resultatet av studien kan visa vad blivande specialpedagoger har att vänta av sin blivande yrkesroll. Vi hoppas att genom studien kan ge läsarna en djupare förståelse för yrkets komplexitet och de utmaningar specialpedagoger kommer att möta i en framtida yrkesroll. Syftet med den här studien är att undersöka sex specialpedagogers utmaningar och problemlösande i en vardagspraktik. Genom deras erfarenheter vill vi synliggöra metoder som kan identifieras som en specialpedagogisk yrkeskompetens. De preciserade frågeställningarna är: • Vad upplever specialpedagoger är deras största utmaningar i sin yrkesvardag? • Hur hanterar specialpedagoger sin roll som problemlösaren? • Vilka metoder är användbara i en yrkesvardag som specialpedagog? • Hur används beprövad erfarenhet och vetenskaplig grund i det praktiska arbetet? Vi har valt att använda Lave och Wengers (1991) teori “Situated learning”. I studien är vi intresserade av specialpedagogens yrkespraktik och den kompetens som den bidrar med inom skolverksamheten. Därför har vi valt en teori som försöker förklara hur människor formas utifrån en given kontext där kommunikation och handlande (görande) leder till nya kunskaper, ett lärande. Vi har gjort sex semistrukturerade intervjuer med specialpedagoger på tre skolor. Resultaten av intervjuerna har analyserats med tematisk analys och Situated learning. Genom intervjuerna med verksamma specialpedagoger har vi fått en djupare förståelse för yrkets komplexitet. Specialpedagogerna i studien beskriver att förväntningar från lärarkollegorna är en stor utmaning. Detta får konsekvenser för den vardagliga praktiken genom att det emellanåt uppstår slitningar i relationer mellan dem och kollegorna. Något som också blir en utmaning är att specialpedagogerna trots utbildning och kompetens inte får driva skolutveckling på skolorna. Istället får förstelärare och processledare det mandatet, något som specialpedagogerna ställer sig kritiska till. Vi har också i studien velat lyfta specialpedagogernas kompetens. De berättar att de använder material och metoder som är kopplat till vetenskaplig grund. Två spetskompetenser som identifierats utifrån specialpedagogernas svar är helhetssyn och utredningar, dessa två binds ihop och är beroende av varandra. Resultatet av studien visar på att det fortfarande är så att specialpedagogerna har svårt att få en självklar roll att leda arbetet med skolutvecklingen. Detta beror bland annat på att förstelärare och processledare har fått mandatet av skolledning att driva skolutvecklingen. Detta får konsekvenser för oss som nyexaminerade specialpedagoger som kommer ut från vår utbildning och förväntar oss att vi ska ha en självklar roll i skolans utvecklingsarbete. Specialpedagogerna upplever ofta en avsaknad av tydlighet utifrån ledningens sida angående deras arbetsuppdrag. Detta skapar missförstånd angående specialpedagogernas arbetsuppdrag. Specialpedagogerna upplever att de ofta får arbeta med arbetsuppgifter som påminner om speciallärarens. Därför menar vi att ett led i att förtydliga den specialpedagogiska yrkeskompetensen är att ha både specialpedagoger och speciallärare anställda på skolorna. Båda kompetenserna behövs och kompletterar varandra.

Recent advancements in the cost, availability, and capability of augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) devices and software are spurring their mass distribution to the public. This fundamental shift in the use of AR and VR predominantly from military and academic research laboratories to the public presents new opportunities and challenges for the design of instructional technology. While studies of AR and VR have been conducted to inform the design of individual instructional products, few studies have focused on computer-supported collaborative learning (CSCL) products in which AR and VR learners work together toward shared learning goals. The museum education industry possesses unique and inherent characteristics that position it as a strong candidate for the development and deployment of CSCL-ARVR products. Tourism locations, such as museums, provide an exemplary environment for advanced learning technology experimentation in which information technology infrastructure and programs of instruction are often already in place and in which many tourists already possess smartphones and or tablets that may be used to mediate location-based educational experiences. The goal was to conduct formative research to develop a tentative instructional design theory that can be used to guide the creation of CSCL-ARVR instructional products. Instructional design theory and software engineering practices were applied to guide the design of a CSCL-ARVR instructional product prototype to support museum education. The prototype, named Co-Tour, was designed and developed to enable remotely-located VR participants to collaborate with AR participants located within a tourism location to jointly navigate the location, examine exhibits and answer questions about exhibits related to a problem-based learning instance. Formative data were collected and analyzed, and the results were used to develop a tentative instructional design theory. Mixed Reality Museum Co-Visit Theory is proposed to inform the design and development of CSCL-ARVR co-visitation experiences for museums. A theoretical framework was developed and was informed by CSCL, game-based learning, social constructivist theory, flow theory, and the construct of camaraderie. Five values supporting the goal were elaborated to guide theory methods production including fostering of collaboration, leveraging of informal learning activities, incorporation of motivational elements, favoring of loose organization, and provision an effective user interface. Future research should focus upon replication towards validation and generalizability of results and upon the broader museum going population.

As the need for foreign language education increases, various types of immersion programs are on the rise within the United States. This study presents foreign language housing as an under-researched type of immersion program that can be a valuable component of university language departments. Using the framework of situated learning and communities of practice, this study provides an in-depth look at lower proficiency (LP) student perspectives and experiences within Brigham Young University's French House. Data were collected through a preliminary questionnaire, a semester-long period of observations, and multiple interviews with select participants. A comparison of all three sources revealed that all levels of learners played a role in creating a comfortable, safe community where participants could make linguistic progress and build social ties. In particular, student leaders, known as resident facilitators, play a key role in granting legitimacy to the LP learners by including them in a variety of activities and giving them specific roles to fulfill within the community. By contrast, attitudes of superiority from student leaders or higher proficiency learners as well as misunderstandings between residents damaged the sense of community at one point and hindered LP learner participation through increased social tension and language anxiety. The data also revealed that moderate first language use was an effective tool in building good relationships, a key component of a healthy community of practice. Further, the data suggest that involvement in the community's activities and practices was related to different personality traits in the participants including willingness to communicate in either the first or the second language. As a whole, the study exhibits that foreign language houses provide a wealth of viable research topics and underscores the important role of building community relationships within a second language learning environment.

付記する学位プログラム名: グローバル生存学大学院連携プログラム / 京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(地域研究) / 甲第20497号 / 地博第216号 / 新制||地||78(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院アジア・アフリカ地域研究研究科アフリカ地域研究専攻 / (主査)教授 太田 至, 教授 重田 眞義, 准教授 高田 明, 講師 目黒 紀夫 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Area Studies / Kyoto University / DGAM

Syftet med den här studien är att bidra med kunskap som kan utveckla räddningstjänstens arbetsplatslärande. Studien är en kvalitativ fallstudie med en ontologisk ståndpunkt som kan beskrivas som konstruktivistisk. Forskningsprocessen involverar kvalitativa intervjuer av fyra chefer på strategisk ledningsnivå, och fyra fokusgruppdiskussioner med fyra skift (arbetsgrupper) på en brandstation. Datamaterialet har därefter bearbetats med stöd av tematisk analys. Studien frågeställningar avser att besvara hur brandstationens lärande kan beskrivas och förstås utifrån chefernas ledningsperspektiv, respektive skiftens medarbetarperspektiv. I resultatet framgår att både chefer och skift behöver förhålla sig till samhälleliga förväntningar, lagstiftning och politiskt utformade krav och riktlinjer. Samtidigt som det framkommer att en stor del av brandstationens lärande sker i samband med brandmännens vardagliga yrkespraktik. Brandstationens arbetsplatslärande främjas å ena sidan av brandmännens gemenskap, drivkraft och yrkesstolthet. Samtidigt som skiftens starka samhörigheten å andra sidan riskerar att bidra till att fastna i etablerade rutiner och tankemönster. Vidare framkommer att chefer på ledningsnivå betraktar brandstationens förebyggande arbetet som central för att organisationens ska kunna möta upp mot politiskt utformade krav och förväntningar. Till skillnad från gruppchefernas och brandmännens utsagor som främst lyfter fram det operativa arbetet i relation till skiftens yrkespraktik. Sammantaget pekar resultatet på att det finns motsättningar mellan ledningsperspektiv och medarbetarperspektiv på brandstationens lärande. Fallstudiens synliggörande av dessa motsättningar betraktas som betydelsefulla för att organisera formella läraktiviteter och skapa goda förutsättningar för arbetsplatslärande i vardagen, men kan även ses i ljuset av rekryteringsutmaningar inom räddningstjänsten. / The purpose of this study is to contribute knowledge that can develop the workplace learning of the rescue service. The study is a qualitative case study with an ontological standpoint that can be described as constructivist. The research process involves qualitative interviews of four managers at strategic management level, and four focus group discussions with four shifts (work groups) at a fire station. The data material has then been processed with the support of thematic analysis. The study's questions aim to answer how the fire station's learning can be described and understood based on the managers' management perspective, and the shift's employee perspective. The results show that the fire station's surrounding external context what is seen as relevant knowledge, processes, activities that largely is derives from legislation and politically designed requirements and guidelines. At the same time, it appears that a large part of the fire station's learning takes place in connection with the firefighters' everyday professional practice. The fire station's workplace learning is promoted on the one hand by the employees' community, drive, and professional pride. At the same time, on the other hand, the strong cohesion in the shift’s risks contributing to getting stuck in established routines and thought patterns. Furthermore, it appears that managers at management level regard the fire station's preventive work as central to the organisation's ability to meet politically shaped demands and expectations. In contrast to the group managers' and firefighters' statements, which primarily highlight the operative work in relation to the professional practice of the shifts. Overall, the results indicate that there are contradictions between strategic management orientation and the employees' perspective on the fire station's learning. The case study's visibility of these contradictions is considered significant for organizing formal learning activities and creating good conditions for workplace learning in everyday life but can also be seen in the light of recruitment issues within the rescue service.

The study focuses on how different after-school centers in Stockholm work with the school's basic subjects, Swedish, mathematics and English, within their activities, as well as how the after-school teachers view it. The study was done using a qualitative method and semistructured interviews with four different after-school teachers from four different schools. The schools are strategically selected using statistics from the Swedish National Agency for Education based on students in year 3 and their results in the national exams from the school year 2022. The purpose of the study was to check how different after-school teachers view working with the school's basic subjects in the after-school center and how they do it. The study's previous research highlights relevant phenomena that can be linked to the study. Among other things, the previous research deals with how collaboration takes place on the class teacher's terms, how the after-school environment can affect students, and how after- school teachers today can be considered difficult. The results from the interviews showed that all four teachers value the work highly, but they have different approaches that are both similar and different from each other.

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