Ce travail traite la problématique des séquelles l’esclavage dans le contexte mauricien. Depuis les premiers mois de l’indépendance en mars 1968 jusqu'à nos jours, il y a eu un mouvement militant en faveur des descendants d’esclaves. Le crime de l’esclavage a laissé des préjudices et dommages sont encore visibles dans la République de l’Île Maurice. Ce travail contient deux objectifs. D’abord il démontre que le cas mauricien peut servir de modèle de comparaison où l’esclavage a été pratiqué car il y a eu plusieurs réalisations rendant possibles la réparation pour crime de l’esclavage. Ces réalisations mauriciennes sont les suivantes : • Un jour férié est décrété pour commémorer l’abolition de l’esclavage chaque 1er février ; • Une Commission Vérité et Justice a été instituée en 2009 pour faire un constat de l’héritage laissé par le système esclavagiste et l’engagisme jusqu'à ce jour. En novembre 2011, la Commission a soumis un rapport de 4 volumes confirmant que les descendants d’esclaves subissent encore les préjudices et dommages causés par le système de l’esclavage dans la République de l’Île Maurice. La Commission a fait état de plusieurs secteurs démontrant effectivement que l’héritage esclavagiste est toujours d’actualité. De plus la Commission a émis 290 recommandations pour pallier ces préjudices et dommages. • L’assemblée nationale mauricienne en 2003 a voté une motion privée décrétant l’esclavage et l’engagisme comme crimes contre l’humanité. • En 2008, la montagne du Morne lieu de refuge des esclaves marrons a été inscrit comme paysage culturel par le Nations Unies. Le deuxième objectif est de faire des propositions pour pouvoir réparer les préjudices et dommages causés par le système de l’esclavage. La réparation est possible dans la mesure qu’elle n’a pas une application uniquement légale. / This research deals with the issue of the consequences of the crime slavery in the Mauritian context. Since the first months of independence in March 1968 to date, there has been a movement seeking reparations for the descendants of slaves as its aftermath of slavery is still visible. This work contains two objectives. First, it shows that the case of Mauritius can serve as a model of comparison where slavery was practised because there have been several achievements making possible reparation for the crime of slavery. These Mauritian achievements are as follows: • A public holiday is decreed to commemorate the abolition of slavery every February 1st; • A Truth and Justice Commission was instituted in 2009 to confirm the legacy left by the slave system and its impact to date. In November 2011, the Commission submitted a 4-volume report confirming that the descendants of slaves still suffer the damage caused by the slavery system in the Republic of Mauritius. The Commission has reported several areas that effectively demonstrate that the slave system legacy is still relevant. In addition, the Commission issued 290 recommendations to mitigate these damages. • The Mauritian National Assembly in 2003 passed a private motion declaring slavery and committing as crimes against humanity. • In 2008, Morne Mountain, a place of refuge for escaped slaves, was inscribed as a cultural landscape by the United Nations. The second objective is to make proposals to repair the damage caused by the system of slavery. Reparation is possible as it does not only involve legal implications.

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / This study examines temporal entanglement in three novels by Jamaican-born author Nalo Hopkinson. The novels are: Brown Girl in the Ring (1998), Midnight Robber (2000), and The Salt Roads (2004). The study pays particular attention to Hopkinson's use of narrative temporalities, which are shape by creolisation. I argue that Hopkinson creatively theorises black women's subjectivities in relation to (post) colonial politics of domination. Specifically, creolised temporalities are presented as a response to predatory Western modernity. Her innovative diasporic science fiction displays common preoccupations associated with Caribbean women writers, such as belonging and exile, and the continued violence enacted by the legacy of colonialism and slavery. A central emphasis of the study is an analysis of how Hopkinson not only employs a past gaze, as the majority of both Caribbean and postcolonial writing does to recover the subaltern subject, but also how she uses the future to reclaim and reconstruct a sense of selfhood and agency, specifically with regards to black women. Linked to the future is her engagement with notions of technological and social betterment and progress as exemplified by her emphasis on the use of technology as a tool of empire. By writing science fiction, Hopkinson is able to delve into the nebulous nexus of technology, empire, slavery, capitalism and modernity. And, by employing a temporality shaped by creolisation, she is able to collapse discrete historical time-frames, tracing obscured connections between the nodes of this nexus from its beginnings on the plantation, the birthplace of creolisation and, as some have argued, of modernity itself.

Indigenous resistance made Caribbean colonization a slow and violent process in the period of 1580-1690. The Caribbean Indians who rejected colonization became targets for enslavement. Slavers captured indigenous people in raids or through trade within indigenous-dominated territories. I conceptualize this space as "Caribana." Geographically, it stretched from Guiana northward throughout islands of the Lesser Antilles. I focus on the Indigenous captives from Caribana who were enslaved in English and Dutch colonies, namely Barbados, Curaçao, and Suriname. I show how colonists justified enslaving indigenous people in the same manner as they justified the trans-Atlantic African slave trade, despite widespread taboos against the former practice and not the latter. These taboos did not prevent Indian slavery, but they influenced the creation of seventeenth-century histories, government reports, and other material for public and European consumption. Indian slavery has thus been written about, then and now, as a limited phenomenon wherein Indians had limited and specific labor roles (i.e. as fishermen or domestic servants). However, sources such as deeds and tax-rolls show that more Indian slaves than assumed contributed a broad range of skills to plantations economies. English Barbados was exceptionally successful because it was geographically separated from the conflicts that created captives in Caribana, but nevertheless extracted Indian slaves from the region. Meanwhile, colonies abutting Caribana, such as Suriname, faced trade sanctions from neighboring Indians and rebellions if they abused the Indian slave trade. From the 1670s-1690s, Colonial governments limited the means of accessing Indian slaves, but once enslaved, they faced the same restrictive "black codes" that allowed the brutal treatment of them as inheritable chattel.

O objetivo desta tese é construir, através de trabalhos realizados na área de poéticas visuais, uma reflexão que procure compreender como a mulher negra é vista na sociedade brasileira atual e o modo pelo qual as sombras lançadas pela escravidão sobre esta população se refletem nas negrodescendentes ainda hoje, criando e perpetuando locais simbólicos e sociais para este grupo. Este questionamento será realizado tendo como base uma investigação que transita entre diferentes manifestações artísticas, que vão da instalação à gravura, sempre procurando os meios plásticos adequados para a produção das obras que irão tratar do problema. Uma breve análise sobre os motivos que levam à opção por determinados procedimentos técnicos necessários à realização dos trabalhos, a escolha e aplicação de diferentes meios artísticos e suas adaptações ao pensamento visual também fazem parte desta investigação. É ainda intenção do trabalho pensar sobre a forma de apresentação do texto que acompanha as obras produzidas e esclarecer os motivos da eleição por uma escrita de artista para o relato apresentado em conjunto com as imagens executadas. / The goal of this thesis is to offer, through artworks in the field of visual art, a reflection that seeks to comprehend how black women are seen in current Brazilian society and the way that shadows cast by slavery over this population is still reflected in female black descendants today, creating and perpetuating social and symbolic places for that group. This issue will be tackled on the basis of a research that moves across different art forms, ranging from installations to printmaking, and always looks for suitable art materials to produce the works that will address the problem. A brief analysis of the reasons for choosing certain technical procedures necessary to create the artworks, the choice and application of different artistic media, and the adaptation of them to the visual thinking are also part of this investigation. The work is also intended to think about the text format accompanying the artworks and give grounds for plumping for an \"artist writing\" to deliver the reports associated with the images.

A escravidão por dívida no Brasil contemporâneo recupera resquícios do trabalho escravo moderno do século XVI, em que o elemento importante estava na acumulação da riqueza por meio da força de trabalho para a acumulação do capital. A passagem de um sistema de cativeiro para um trabalho livre, no entanto, foi incapaz de impedir a sujeição do trabalhador aos proprietários de terras, seja o colono imigrante, seja os pequenos trabalhadores que se sujeitavam ao trabalho com outras formas de exploração. As formas de exploração dos fazendeiros aos trabalhadores também foram sendo transformadas para a acumulação do capital, uma vez que a partir do século XX no Brasil, sobretudo no Tocantins, entra em evidência o trabalho escravo por dívida. O objetivo desta pesquisa é, então, compreender como se organizam as forças produtivas na Amazônia, especificamente no norte tocantinense, a partir dos municípios de Araguaína e Ananás, sob a ótica de formas contraditórias de acumulação primitiva do capital que caracterizam a violência no campo por parte dos grandes proprietários de terra em relação ao trabalhador, que fizeram renascer o trabalho escravo por dívidas no período de 2001 a 2008. A metodologia do trabalho consistiu em leituras ligadas à temática, trabalho de campo, entrevistas com os trabalhadores, entidades e instituições. O Tocantins, precisamente sua região norte, tem sido o lugar onde este sistema tem aprisionado documentos e famílias no interior das propriedades, além de lócus de mortes de trabalhadores que estão envolvidos com esta precarização do trabalho. O Estado é contraditório: de um lado, teve um papel primordial a respeito da expansão da propriedade em direção à nova fronteira do país, sobretudo em meados da década de 1960 com os incentivos fiscais; de outro lado, nas esferas federal e estadual, cria comissões e planos para a erradicação do trabalho escravo. O Tocantins tem sido um dos estados que mais escravizam trabalhadores, por conta da expansão da propriedade, apoiada muitas vezes pelo poder público, como deputados e senadores, que se encontram na lista suja do Ministério do Trabalho, os quais participam da degradação do trabalho para acumulação de suas riquezas e subordinam o trabalhador, como se este estivesse na legalidade. / The slavery by debt, in the contemporary Brazil, recovers traces of modern work slavery of the 16 th century in which remained the important element in wealth accumulation through work force towards the capital accumulation. The passage of a captivity system to a free work force, in a certain way, was incapable of hindering the subjection of workers to land owners, even being an immigrant settler or an ordinary worker that submit to work with other forms of exploration. Land owners forms of exploration were also being transformed to an accumulation of capital, from 20 th century on, in Brazil, especially in Tocantins, where the slavery by debt became evident. The objective of this research is to comprehend how productivity forces is being organized in Amazon region, specifically in the north of Tocantins, in the cities of Araguaína and Ananás, under contradictory forms of primitive accumulation of capital that characterizes the violence in the meadow by land owners against workers that revived the work slavery by debt between the period of 2001 and 2008. The methodology of this thesis has consisted in several readings linked to the object of this research, field work, interviews with the workers and institutions. In the state of Tocantins, precisely the north region, has been the place where the system captured documents and families in inland properties, beyond the locus of workers deaths involved in this precarization of work. The state is contradictory: by one side, it had a primordial participation in regards to the expansion of property towards the new frontier of the country, in the middle of 1960 decade with the fiscal incentives; by the other side, in federal and state spheres, it has creates commissions and plans to eradicate work slavery. The state of Tocantins is one of the states that has slaved more workers in the account of the expansion of properties, supported in many ways, by the public power, by congressman and senators, that had been in the dirty list of Work Ministry, for participating since the degradation of work to the accumulation of richness and subordination of the workers, as if it had been in the legality.

No description available.

O objetivo desse trabalho é analisar as estratégias de liberdade elaboradas pelos escravos na fronteira meridional do sul do Brasil, enquanto experiências cotidianas desses cativos na cidade de Jaguarão, entre os anos de 1865 a 1888. Essa proposta visa entender os escravos enquanto sujeitos históricos que conseguiram agenciar sua própria liberdade através de lutas estratégicas na região fronteiriça entre o Brasil e o Uruguai, em meio a Guerra do Paraguai e a abolição da escravidão no Brasil. Portanto, para desenvolvermos a presente tese buscamos apreender a dinâmica cotidiana dos escravos nas estâncias da cidade de Jaguarão, antes e durante o conflito internacional com o Paraguai, de forma a compreender as relações entre senhores e cativos, nesse espaço estratégico de fronteira. É pertinente apontarmos também os efeitos do impacto da Guerra da Tríplice Aliança na sociedade sulina, com enfoque no retorno dos negros libertos à Jaguarão, de forma a ressaltar a problemática da inclusão desses homens na malha do tecido social dessa região austral. Questões como a re-escravização dos soldados negros, a efetivação desses combatentes nas Forças Armadas e, ainda, a relevância do papel do soldado liberto no processo de abolição da escravidão em jaguarão estarão presentes e entrelaçadas nessa pesquisa. / The aim of this paper is to analyze the strategies developed by slaves to free themselves on the southern border of Brazil, along with daily experiences of these captives in the city of Jaguarão between 1865 and 1888. This proposals aim is to better understand slaves as historical subjects who managed to negotiate their own freedom through strategic battles in the border region between Brazil and Uruguay, in the midst of the Paraguayan War and the abolition of slavery in Brazil. Therefore, to develop this thesis we seek to grasp the daily dynamics of slaves in the resort town of Jaguarão before and during the international armed conflict with Paraguay, in order to understand the relationships between masters and slaves along the border. It is pertinent to also point out the effects of the impact of the Triple Alliance War on the southern society, focusing on the return of freed blacks to Jaguarao in order to emphasize the problem of including these men in the netting of the social web of this southern region. Issues such as the re-enslavement of black soldiers, the effectiveness of the combatants in the armed forces, and also the important role of the soldiers released in the process of the abolition of slavery in Jaguarão will be assessed and intertwined in this research.

Neste estudo, busquei trazer histórias de vida de mulheres pobres livres, forras e escravas que viveram na fronteira entre a escravidão e a liberdade, no recôncavo sul da Bahia, nos anos de 1850-1888. Conhecido como recôncavo mandioqueiro, essa parte da província da Bahia teve, durante todo o século XIX, grande inserção econômica por se tratar de um importante polo de produção de gêneros de primeira necessidade que abastecia os mercados da capital. Sendo assim, atraía todo tipo de gente em busca de meios de sobrevivência, incluindo mulheres pobres livres, escravas ou recém saídas do cativeiro. Muitas delas, conseguiram com trabalho e astúcia sair do cativeiro e construir um patrimônio significativo; outras, com pouca sorte, penaram até a morte angariando meios de sobrevivência. Partindo de um conjunto amplo de fontes documentais de natureza diversa, tais como: testamentos, inventários post mortem, registros eclesiásticos e notariais, processos cíveis e criminais, posturas municipais e jornais, cruzados com dados coletados no Censo de 1872, tracei os caminhos percorridos por essas mulheres na construção de suas autonomias. A análise destes dados possibilitou uma maior aproximação das relações quotidianas vivenciadas por essas mulheres no contexto da escravidão e no imediato pós-abolição que, bem longe de ser pacífico e brando, mostrou-se ser marcado por toda sorte de violência. / In this study, I sought life histories of poor women that lived in the threshold between slavery and freedom. The study takes place in Bahia state in Brazil, in a region called South Reconcavo, during the period of 1850-1888. That part of the country had high economic relevance during the whole XIX century due to the production of necessity goods that were sold at the state capital. Different sorts of people were attracted to that area seeking work oportunities and ways of survival including poor free or enslaved females. Many of these women struggled to reach freedom and overcame poverty reaching some wealth. Others instead struggled just to survive till end of life. A broad set of documents from various sources were analyzed such as wills, post mortem inventories, church records, notary records, civil and criminal justice documents, newspapers and data from the Census of 1872. I was able to track the paths taken by those women to build their autonomy in life. The analysis of this data enabled a better view of the daily hardships faced by women during slavery and after abolition, when different examples of violence were observed.

A pesquisa tem como objetivo investigar os usos do espaço agrário como um dos elementos centrais para os mecanismos de dominação senhorial e também para as estratégias de resistência escrava. Tendo como base os processos criminais do município de Bananal, o trabalho procura entender que o espaço foi vetor fundamental para produzir o controle senhorial sobre o conjunto dos homens livres e dos escravos. No entanto, o desejo de ordem e disciplina imposto pelos senhores era constantemente burlado pelos cativos, que se valiam dos conhecimentos adquiridos dos espaços e dos tempos permitidos e proibidos para realizarem um grande número de ações de resistência. Nesta pesquisa, a geografia da escravidão refere-se à dialética existente entre os usos alternativos ou não que os escravos faziam do espaço de plantação e os controles realizados por feitores, administradores e senhores sobre a mobilidade e o corpo dos cativos. Dos conflitos que se originavam desses embates tem-se a possibilidade de se compreender uma nova dinâmica para a resistência escrava. A pesquisa procurou também ultrapassar a escala do município e ampliar os horizontes. Desse modo, conseguiu-se entender a localidade de Bananal não como um estudo de caso , mas como um município articulado a um quadro mais amplo de consolidação, transformação e crise do Estado Imperial. Deste modo, a escravidão e seus corolários geográficos estavam interligados com o momento de crise da escravidão no plano nacional. Por esta razão, foi possível delinear uma nova dimensão da geografia, relacionada com as redes desenvolvidas pelos sujeitos para além dos limites do município / The aim of this research is to investigate the uses of plantation space as a central tool to slaveholders domination and the strategies used by slaves to resist it. Studying the county of Bananal, an important town of coffee production in the nineteenth century, the work focuses on the understanding of the space as a crucial vector to produce control over free men and slaves. Nonetheless, slaves usually challenged slaveholders. In this way, they used to apply their knowledge about the uses of the permitted and prohibited times and spaces in order to act against and resist slaveholders impositions. In this work, the Geography of slavery is related to the dialectic between slave uses of plantation space and the controls made by slaveholders and their agents. This relation provoked many conflicts and this shed light to the issue of slave resistance and their reaction to power. Therefore, it is possible to comprehend a new dynamics of slave resistance. On the other hand, the research is not simply a case study, because slavery in Bananal and its geographical corollaries were intertwined with the moment of crisis of slavery in Imperial Brazil. For this reason, it was possible to figure a new dimension of geography, related to the networks developed by the subjects beyond the limits of the municipality

Submitted by Maria Aparecida (cidazen@gmail.com) on 2017-04-26T11:40:08Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Antonia de Castro Andrade.pdf: 890093 bytes, checksum: 87f0c0c394a82f24dee0c982cf4370fa (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-26T11:40:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Antonia de Castro Andrade.pdf: 890093 bytes, checksum: 87f0c0c394a82f24dee0c982cf4370fa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-27 / A study that aims to discuss how black slavery was experienced by the Sertanean society in the south of Maranhão, analyzing, through inventories and records of baptisms, which strategies the enslaved used to create spaces of sociability and solidarity in a medium which was so hostile to him. It is necessary to (re) think the relationships that were born in and out of cattle ranching in the backlands of the south of Maranhão. More than that, it is necessary to construct a narrative that can give visibility and even readability to all the historical agents that composed that social space. / Estudo que tem por finalidade discutir como a escravidão negra foi vivenciada pela sociedade sertaneja na região sul-maranhense, analisando, através de inventários e registros de batismos, quais as estratégias que os escravizados utilizaram para criar espaços de sociabilidade e solidariedade em um meio que lhe era tão hostil. É preciso se (re) pensar as relações que foram gestadas dentro e fora das fazendo de gado no sertão do Sul do Maranhão. Mais do que isso, é necessário construir uma narrativa que possa dar visibilidade e mesmo dizibilidade a todos os agentes históricos que compunham aquele espaço social.