Bakgrund Sömnkvalitet är betydande för livskvalitet. Sömnbrist leder till att kroppen inte fungerar optimalt. Äldre personer som bor på särskilt boende riskerar att utsättas för försämrad sömnkvalitet. Ofta behandlas sömnsvårigheter med sömnläkemedel, vilket kan skapa negativa biverkningar. Omvårdnadens centrala mål är hälsa, välbefinnande och livskvalitet. Sjuksköterskan ansvar för bedömning av omvårdnadsåtgärder. Att identifiera samt utveckla individuella och förebyggande icke- farmakologiska omvårdnadsåtgärder är viktigt för att skapa förutsättningar att förbättra sömnkvaliteten hos äldre. Syfte Syftet med litteraturöversikten är att beskriva omvårdnadsåtgärder som främjar sömnkvalitet hos äldre på särskilt boende. Metod Denna litteraturöversikt utfördes med inslag av den metodologi som används vid systematiska litteraturstudier baserat på 15 vetenskapliga originalartiklar från databaserna CINAHL och PubMed.  Resultat Litteraturöversiktens resultat visar att främjande omvårdnadsåtgärder som fysisk aktivitet, socialt samspel, minskade depressiva symtom samt sensorisk stimuli har positiva effekter på äldres sömnkvalitet. Sjuksköterskan är viktig när det gäller att ge handledning och stöd i det sömnfrämjande arbetet. Slutsats Omvårdnadsåtgärder som identifierades och som visade sig kunna förbättra sömnkvalitet är fysisk aktivitet, socialt samspel, sensorisk stimuli samt åtgärder för att minska depressiva symtom. Sjuksköterskan har ett ansvar att handleda i team samt ge stöd utifrån ett personcentrerat förhållningssätt. / Background Quality of sleep is significant for quality of life. With lack of sleep, the body does not function optimally. Older people living in nursing homes are exposed to impaired sleepquality. Often, insomnia is treated with sleep medications, which can contribute to negative side effects. The central goals of nursing are health, well-being, and quality of life. The nurse is responsible for the assessment of nursing interventions. To identify and develop individual and preventive non pharmacological nursing interventions to create conditions to improve the quality of sleep in the elderly are important. Aim The aim of the literature review was to describe nursing interventions that promote sleepquality in elderly people living in nursing homes. Method This literature reviews were conducted with elements of the methodology used in systematic literature reviews based on 15 original scientific articles from the databases CINAHL and PubMed. Results The results of this literature review show that promoting nursing interventions such as physical activity, social interaction, reduced depressive symptoms and sensory stimuli have positive effects on the sleep quality of the elderly. The nurse is important when it comes to providing guidance and support in the sleep promotion work. Conclusions Nursing interventions that were identified and that were shown to improve sleep qualityare physical activity, social interaction, sensory stimuli as well as measures to reduce depressive symptoms. The nurse has a responsibility to supervise in teams and provide support based on a person-centered approach.

This duo of meta-analyses explored relationships between creativity and sleep quality [Study 1], and creativity and dream recall [Study 2]. Studies on these topics noted personality influences in both creativity and sleep quality, as well as dream recall. Studies also identified potential connections between creativity, sleep, and dreaming by investigating the stage of sleep from which creative thinking could emerge. Twenty studies were eligible to code and analyze in Study 1 and 16 in Study 2. Analyses using two-level multivariate analyses showed a small and positive correlation between creativity and sleep (r = .147, 95% CI = [0.033, 0.257]), p = .012 [Study 1] as well as creativity and dream recall (r = 0.173, 95% CI = [0.089, 0.257]), p = .001) [Study 2]. Both Study 1 and Study 2 tested moderator variables via a meta-regression. Moderators were identified based on the nature of assessments used, sample characteristics, and study characteristics. Study 1 results indicated that the relationship between sleep and creativity was higher when creativity test modality was verbal than figural. Study 2 also found that test modality was a significant moderator, and conversely, the relationship was larger when creativity was measured by figural tests compared to the verbal measures. Additionally, the relationship between the two was smaller among undergraduates compared to other adults. The findings are discussed in relation to their overlap with individual findings from primary studies.

Autism Spectrum Disorder is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by language and communication deficits, and difficulties with social interaction (Twisk, 2001). Research has shown that 80% of youth with ASD experience sleep challenges which can lead to sleep-related health issues, exacerbate problematic behaviors, and increase vulnerability to anxiety and depression (Wachob & Lorenzi, 2015; Williams et al., 2004; Richdale & Schreck, 2009). Sleep plays a central role in adaptive functioning, and insufficient sleep can hinder learning, memory, and neuroplasticity for children with ASD (Cohen et al., 2014). As these unhealthy behavior patterns can lead to more adverse long-term health consequences, it is critical to develop interventions that may improve health-related behaviors in youth with ASD. Martial arts, especially judo, is unique because it integrates both physical activity and mind-body components (Bell et al., 2016). Judo may be particularly appealing to youth with ASD due to the structured format and repetitive exercises typically observed during judo sessions (Bell et al., 2016). Recent studies have found that judo interventions in youth with ASD may increase participation in physical activity, improve self-confidence, decrease levels of anxiety, and reduce the frequency of negative behaviors in this population (Morales et al., 2021; Garcia et al., 2020; Renziehausen et al., 2022). Research has shown that participation in physical activity may be associated with sleep quality in both NT youth and youth with ASD (Masters et al., 2019). Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a 16-week judo intervention on sleep quality in youth with ASD. It was hypothesized that this program would improve components of sleep quality in youth with ASD. METHODS: A USA Judo certified coach with prior experience teaching judo to youth with ASD led the 45-minute weekly sessions. Each participant was given an Actigraph GT9X accelerometer and a link to the Qualtrics parent surveys including a child sleep diary. Participants were instructed to wear the accelerometers for seven days and nights over two data collection points: baseline and post-intervention. A validated sleep algorithm was applied to the data to calculate total sleep time, sleep efficiency, sleep latency, and wake after sleep onset. Non-parametric t-tests were used to compare sleep quality outcome variables at pre- and post-intervention. RESULTS: The sleep data of 18 participants was analyzed, consisting of an approximately 80% male sample, a mean age of 13.17 ± 3.76, and approximately 55% of the sample being white. There was a positive statistical correlation between participation in the Judo program and increased sleep efficiency (p=0.05), decreased wake after sleep onset (p=0.02), and decreased sleep latency (p=0.001). CONCLUSION: Judo, a mindfulness form of martial arts, has the potential to serve as a therapeutic intervention to improve sleep outcomes in children with ASD.

Previous studies show the need to find a solution to improve the athlete's recovery and help overcome their sleep disorders. Sleep hygiene is a list of habits and recommendation that enhance sleep quality. Sleep hygiene education has been used in some research to fill the need of the athletes. Still, a lack of information exists on the development of sleep hygiene programs and related impacts. This thesis aims to perform a systematic review of the literature of scholarly journals articles from 2007 to 2018, focusing on the relationship between sleep hygiene education and athletes sleep quality and quantity. The investigation concluded with 16 qualifying articles. A synthesis of recommendations from all studies offered sleep hygiene suggestions for athletes; all the results are provided in table 12. The further overall conclusion of the selected articles settled that sleep hygiene is recommended for athletes, yet the methods and strategies are vague and not precise. A strong recommendation from this systematic literature review is the creation of a standardized list of sleep hygiene habits focused on athletes to improve their sleep quality and quantity.

Children diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) may not be meeting the recommended amounts of physical activity (PA) or obtain a sufficient amount of sleep, however, few studies have objectively compared PA, sedentary behavior, and sleep quality between typically developing (TD) youth, and youth with ASD. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare levels of PA, sedentary behavior, and sleep quality between youth with ASD and TD youth. Twenty-three children with ASD and 12 TD children wore the Actigraph GT9X accelerometer over seven days and nights to assess activity and sleep. Youth with ASD had significantly greater levels of sedentary behavior (p=.02), and had less sleep efficiency compared to TD youth (p=.0001). Additionally, TD youth were more likely to achieve the recommended levels of PA compared to youth with ASD (p=.003). Results suggest that youth with ASD have poorer health habits compared to TD youth. Interventions should be developed to target health behaviors in youth with ASD.

Patients admitted to an adult intensive care unit (ICU) are at risk of developing an acute condition known as ICU delirium, which can impact patients’ length of hospital stay and increase short term and 6-month mortality. The cause of ICU delirium is multifactorial, and lack of quality sleep is a known risk factor. Patients’ sleep in the ICU is frequently interrupted by clinicians involved in their care and equipment alarms. Sleep hygiene interventions to minimize these interruptions for the patient are one strategy to reduce the risk of ICU delirium. Examples of sleep hygiene interventions include eye masks, earplugs, and grouping patient care to minimize nighttime interruptions. The primary purpose of this thesis was to review the available evidence on non-pharmacological sleeping interventions and how they can prevent the development of ICU delirium in adults hospitalized with a critical illness. A secondary aim of this thesis was to study the impact of non-pharmacological interventions on sleep quality. Seven studies conducted in critical care units were included in this scoping review, which examined how non-pharmacological sleep hygiene interventions impacted both the prevention of ICU delirium, and sleep quality. Study results were analyzed to determine their effectiveness in relation to the two outcome measures. Although this review identified many benefits of non-pharmacological sleep interventions, the results on which are most effective in preventing delirium and improving sleep quality are inconclusive. Future research needs to be done to evaluate which sleep-promoting intervention(s) will benefit critical care patients most in preventing or lowering their risk of delirium. The feasibility of both health care staff consistently and effectively executing the intervention(s) outside of research conditions, and patient compliance to the interventions needs to be further studied. Additionally, there is a need for future studies measuring sleep quality as a result of sleep promoting interventions to be measured by PSG rather than subjective written/oral reports in order to obtain objective, reliable results.

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Bakgrund: Sömn är ett grundläggande mänskligt behov som vid uppfyllelse främjarhälsa och välmående. Sömnsvårigheter och sömnbrist uppträder ofta i samband medsjukdom, stress och ångest samtidigt som kroppens återhämtningsförmåga försämras.Forskning har visat att patienters sömnkvalitet försämras under sjukhusvistelse och attsömnen påverkas av omgivningen på sjukhus. Det finns flera sätt att stödja patienter medsömnproblematik, där sjuksköterskan har en viktig roll. Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva faktorer som störde patienters sömn i sjukhusmiljön. Metod: En kvantitativ litteraturöversikt med induktiv ansats. Fribergs modell användes till dataanalysen och Jönköping Universitys kvalitetsprotokoll för kvantitativa artiklaranvändes för granskning av resultatartiklar. Resultat: Resultatet består av tre huvudkategorier som beskriver sömnpåverkandefaktorer: miljörelaterade, emotionella och fysiska. Miljörelaterade faktorer sompåverkade sömnen var ljud, belysning, personal och komfort. Emotionella faktorer somvisades påverka patientsömnen var ångest, oro, stress och saknad. De fysiska faktorernasom framkom innefattade bland annat smärta och toalettbesök. Slutsats: Studien har visat att det finns mängder av sömnpåverkande faktorer isjukhusmiljön samt att det är ett område som behöver uppmärksammas för att förbättrapatienters sömn på sjukhus. / Background: Sleep is a basic human need that when properly fulfilled, promotes healthand wellbeing. Difficulties sleeping or a lack of sleep often coincide with illness, stress andanxiety while simultaneously degrading the body's resilience. Research has shown thatpatients sleep quality declines during hospitalization and that sleep is affected by thehospital environment. There are multiple ways of supporting patients with sleepingproblems, where the nurse has a key role. Aim: The aim was to describe factors that disturbed patients sleep in the hospitalenvironment. Method: A quantitative litterature review with an inductive approach. Friberg's modelwas used for the data analysis and Jönköping University's’ quality protocol forquantitative articles was used for the examination of the result articles. Results: The result consists of three main categories that describe sleep affecting factors:environmental, emotional and physical. Environmental factors that impacted sleep weresound, lighting, staff and comfortability. Emotional factors that were shown to affectpatient sleep were anxiety, worry, stress and longing. The physical factors that appearedwere amongst others: pain and toilet visits. Conclusion: The study has shown that there is a multitude of sleep affecting factors inthe hospital environment and that it needs to be better researched, to improve patientsleep in the hospital.

Self-report retrospective estimates of sleep behaviors are not as accurate as prospective estimates from sleep diaries, but are more practical for epidemiological studies. Therefore, it is important to evaluate the validity of retrospective measures and improve upon them. The current study compared sleep diaries to two self-report retrospective measures of sleep, the commonly used Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and a newly developed sleep questionnaire (SQ), which assessed weekday and weekend sleep separately. It was hypothesized that the new measure would be more accurate than the PSQI because it accounts for variability in sleep throughout the week. The relative accuracy of the PSQI and SQ in obtaining estimates of total sleep time (TST), sleep efficiency (SE), and sleep onset latency (SOL) was examined by comparing their mean differences from, and correlations with, estimates obtained by the sleep diaries. Correlations of the PSQI and SQ with the sleep diaries were moderate, with the SQ having significantly stronger correlations on the parameters of TST, SE, and sleep quality ratings. The SQ also had significantly smaller mean differences from sleep diaries on SOL and SE. The overall pattern of results indicated that the SQ performs better than the PSQI when compared to sleep diaries.