Abstract Background: Prevalence of sleep disturbances, latency, and limited sleeping duration are highest during the adolescence phase. The possible cause is adoption of sedentary behavior that involves excessive screen time due to exposure to digital and electronic devices among adolescents. When the sleep quality is compromised it contributes to adverse health outcomes. Aim: The aim of this thesis is to explore the relationship between screen time and sleep quality among adolescents in Nordic countries Methods: The systematic literature review approach was considered in this research and a narrative synthesis was performed to determine whether there was a connection between screen time and sleep quality through the assessment of qualitative (n=4), quantitative (n=14), cross- sectional (n=9), and cohort (n=1) studies. A sample size of 28 articles was considered after the articles fulfilled the inclusion criterion standards. The population of the study comprised adolescents within the age bracket of 10 and 20 years in primary, high school, and university. The sleep quality outcomes that were measured include duration, latency, efficiency, and disturbances. Besides, the screen time outcomes that were measures are timing, type, and duration. Results: There is a significant association between sleep timing including daytime and nighttime use of digital and electronic devices with the sleep quality outcomes. Also, there is a positive relationship between duration of screen time and sleep quality outcomes among adolescents in Nordic countries. However, there was an insignificant relationship between type of digital devices either smartphone, tablet, computer, or television with the sleep quality outcomes of adolescents. 2Conclusions: The research outcomes showed that high screen time in regards to timing such as daytime and nighttime contributes to low quality sleep outcomes among adolescents in Nordic countries, but the type of devices is not important. There was significant evidence on prolonged screen time duration and low sleep quality. Insignificant relationships were found between the type of screen and screen time with sleep quality. Future researchers need to take a specific approach in regards to the topic by focusing on effects of high screen time on the sleep quality of adolescents. These findings might have positive implications in the public health context in consideration of increased digital devices across Nordic countries and the increased prevalence on low quality sleep among adolescents that is likely to increase their health risks. Keywords: Adolescents, screen time, sleep quality, Nordic region, Behavior, Health. / <p>This thesis uses a comprehensive literature review of 28 studies to investigate how screen time affects the quality of sleep that teenagers in Nordic countries get. Teenagers who use digital devices more often tend to have higher screen times, which contributes to their frequent sleep disruptions and poorer quality of sleep. In order to measure sleep length, latency, efficiency, and disruptions in connection to the timing, type, and duration of screen time, the study analysed qualitative, quantitative, cross-sectional, and cohort studies concentrating on teenagers aged 10 to 20. The results suggest that while the type of device used had no discernible effect, there are substantial connections between screen time—both during the day and at night—and poor sleep quality. These findings highlight the necessity for additional study on the relationship between screen time length and teenage sleep, which has significant ramifications for public health.</p>

This study investigated the associations between sleep patterns and singing voice quality in 231 adult singers of various skill levels across the United States. The four-part survey using a general questionnaire on demographics, musical background, vocal health, and three established survey instruments: the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the Singing Voice Handicap Index-10 (SVHI-10), and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) found that while scores were worse than normative values for the PSQI and the SVHI-10, a Pearson correlation between the two showed a moderate association. A linear regression also yielded that 8.9% of the variance in SVHI-10 scores could be predicted from PSQI scores. While further research is needed in this area, this study suggests that the amount of sleep needed for an optimal singing voice may be different from the amount needed to feel well-rested for some singers. Moreover, singers may overestimate the influence of sleep on their singing voices.

No description available.

SyfteUndersöka påverkan av kronisk orofacial smärta och psykologiska faktorer på sömnkvalitet vid käkmuskelmyalgi.Material och metoderDenna retrospektiva studie omfattade 37 patienter (6 män, 31 kvinnor, medelålder: 49 år) med käkmuskelmyalgi. Sömnkvalitet (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index), smärtintensitet och smärtrelaterad funktionsnedsättning (Graded Chronic Pain Scale), depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9), ångest (General Anxiety Disorder-7), stress (Perceived Stress Scale-10) och katastrofiering (Patient Catastrophizing Scale) undersöktes med varierade formulär. Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC/TMD) användes för att identifiera patienter med myalgi i käkmuskulatur.Resultat75% av patienterna rapporterade dålig sömnkvalitet, 73% rapporterade minst mild depressionsgrad, 54% rapporterade minst mild ångest, 59% rapporterade måttlig stressnivå och 38% rapporterade kliniskt relevant katastrofiering. Försämrad sömnkvalitet var relaterad till depression (rs = 0.45, n = 37, p = 0.008) ångest (rs = 0.46, n = 37, p = 0.007), stress (rs = 0.43, n = 37, p = 0.014) och katastrofiering (rs = 0.37, n = 37, p = 0.034). Multivariat logistisk regression visade att smärtintensitet, smartrelaterad funktionsnedsättning, depression, ångest, stress, katastrofiering och antal käkmuskler med refererad palpationssmärta förklarade dålig sömnkvalitet signifikant (p = 0.031).KonklusionSömnkvaliteten hos patienter med käkmuskelmyalgi påverkas i hög grad av kronisk smärtintensitet, smärtrelaterad funktionsnedsättning, antal käkmuskler med refererad palpationssmärta och depression samt ångest, stress och katastrofiering. / AimInvestigate the influence of chronic orofacial pain and psychological factors on sleep quality in patients with myalgia of the masticatory muscles.Material and methodsThis retrospective study included 37 patients (6 men, 31 women, mean age: 49 years) with masticatory muscle myalgia. Sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index), pain intensity and pain-related disability (Graded Chronic Pain Scale), depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9), anxiety (General Anxiety Disorder-7), stress (Perceived Stress Scale-10) and catastrophizing (Patient Catastrophizing Scale) were assessed by questionnaires. The Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC/TMD) were used to identify patients with myalgia.Results75% of the patients reported poor sleep quality, 73% reported at least mild depression degree, 54% reported at least mild degree of anxiety, 59% reported at least a moderate stress level and 38% reported a clinically relevant degree of catastrophizing. Impaired sleep quality was related to degree of depression (rs = 0.45, n = 37, p = 0.008), anxiety (rs = 0.46, n = 37, p = 0.007), stress (rs = 0.43, n = 37, p = 0.014) and catastrophizing (rs = 0.37, n = 37, p = 0.034). Multivariate logistic regression showed that characteristic pain intensity, degree of pain-related disability, depression, anxiety, stress, catastrophizing and number of masticatory muscle sites with referred pain significantly explained poor sleep quality (p = 0.031).ConclusionSleep quality in patients with masticatory myalgia is influenced by chronic pain intensity and related disability, number of masticatory muscle sites with referred pain as well as depression, anxiety, stress and catastrophizing.

INTRODUÇÃO: Tem-se afirmado que os distúrbios do sono começam precocemente na doença do HIV. Avaliamos as características do sono e a Qualidade de Vida (QV) de mulheres portadoras de HIV/AIDS. MÉTODO: Realizado no Centro Corsini o grupo-estudo foi composto por 30 mulheres portadoras de HIV/AIDS, idade média 35,4 anos. O grupo-controle foi composto por 30 mulheres que desconheciam seu diagnóstico para HIV do Centro de Saúde 31 de Março. Instrumentos: Índice de Qualidade do Sono de Pittsburgh, Inventário de Depressão Beck, Inventário de Ansiedade Beck e HIV/AIDS-Target Quality of Life. RESULTADOS: Houve significativa diferença entre o grupo de doentes de AIDS e o grupo controle quanto à pontuação global do sono (p=0,003). Com relação a sintomas depressivos e de ansiedade, os resultados apontaram que o grupo de doentes de AIDS apresenta índices mais elevados de ansiedade e não houve diferença significativa nos sintomas de depressão. Em relação à QV não houve diferença significativa entre os grupos de mulheres sintomáticas e assintomáticas, mas as assintomáticas apresentaram mais prejuízos nos domínios de QV do que o grupo controle. CONCLUSÃO: Há prejuízo na qualidade do sono e QV das mulheres portadoras de HIV/AIDS, com presença de sintomas depressivos e de ansiedade / INTRODUCTION: Sleep disorders have allegedly been described early in the HIV infection. Both the characteristics of sleep and quality of life in women with HIV/AIDS were evaluated. METHOD: Conducted at the Corsini Center, the study group consisted of 30 women with HIV/AIDS, mean age 35.4 years, and 30 women who had no known HIV diagnoses as the control group. METHODS: The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, the Beck Depression Inventory, the Beck Anxiety Assessment and HIV/AIDS - Target Quality of Life were applied. RESULTS: There was a significant difference between the AIDS and the control groups drawn from the Center of Health \'31 de Março\', for global sleep scores (p=0.003). Concerning depressive and anxiety symptoms, findings revealed that AIDS patients presented higher levels of anxiety, but there was no significant difference in the symptoms of depression for either group. In terms of quality of life there was significant difference between symptomatic and non-symptomatic groups of women. No significant difference in QoL was seen between symptomatic and assymptomatic groups, although assymptomatic women did present greater compromise in QoL domains than controls. CONCLUSION: Compromised sleep and quality of life was observed in women infected with HIV/AIDS suffering from both depressive and anxiety symptoms

Contexte : Le trafic aérien, en constante augmentation au cours de ces dernières décennies, n'est pas sans impact sur l'environnement et la population. En particulier, le bruit émis par les avions constitue une nuisance importante et un problème majeur de santé publique, notamment en termes de perturbations du sommeil. Pour autant, en France surtout, les conséquences de l'exposition au bruit des avions restent insuffisamment évaluées. Objectif : L'objectif de ce travail de thèse est de mieux connaître et de mieux quantifier les effets du bruit des avions sur la qualité du sommeil des riverains des aéroports en France, en distinguant qualité subjective et qualité objective. Méthodes : Pour répondre aux objectifs de cette thèse, nous avons utilisé les données recueillies dans un programme de recherche épidémiologique appelé DEBATS (Discussion sur les Effets du Bruit des Aéronefs Touchant la Santé). L'étude principale, dite « étude longitudinale », a inclus 1244 participants vivant à proximité de trois aéroports français d'importance : Paris-Charles de Gaulle, Lyon-Saint Exupéry et Toulouse-Blagnac. La qualité subjective du sommeil a été évaluée grâce à un questionnaire administré par des enquêteurs au domicile des sujets. Le niveau d'exposition au bruit des avions a été estimé à l'adresse du domicile de chaque participant à partir des cartes de bruit produites par la Direction Générale de l'Aviation Civile. Une étude complémentaire dite « étude sommeil » a permis d'évaluer la qualité objective du sommeil de 112 des 1244 participants à l'étude longitudinale grâce au port d'un actimètre pendant huit jours et d'un Actiheart (enregistreur de la fréquence cardiaque) pendant une nuit. Des mesures acoustiques ont été réalisées pendant ces huit jours en façade et à l'intérieur de la chambre à coucher des participants, afin de caractériser leur exposition au bruit des avions à l'aide d'indicateurs non seulement énergétiques (LAeq, LA90) mais aussi événementiels (nombre d'événements et niveau maximum de bruit de l'évènement ou LAmax). Résultats : L'analyse de « l'étude longitudinale » a permis de montrer une association entre l'exposition au bruit des avions la nuit (Lnight) et la qualité subjective du sommeil caractérisée par un risque de déclarer dormir moins de 6 heures par nuit (OR=1,63 pour 10 dB(A) ; IC 95% : 1,15-2,32) et de se sentir fatigué au réveil (OR=1,23 pour 10 dB(A) ; IC 95% : 1,00-1,54). Nous n'avons pas trouvé de relation significative avec les autres paramètres subjectifs de la qualité du sommeil rapportés par les sujets eux-mêmes, tels que le temps d'endormissement, les éveils nocturnes, la satisfaction du sommeil et la prise de médicaments pour dormir. Nous avons également montré une association entre l'exposition au bruit des avions et les paramètres objectifs de la qualité du sommeil avec une augmentation du temps d'endormissement et de la durée des éveils intra-sommeil, une diminution de l'efficacité du sommeil, mais aussi une augmentation du temps total de sommeil et du temps passé au lit (cette dernière pouvant être interprétée comme un mécanisme d'adaptation à la privation de sommeil). Les indicateurs énergétiques, mais plus encore les indicateurs liés aux événements de bruit, sont significativement associés aux paramètres objectifs de la qualité du sommeil. Par exemple, les événements de bruit d'avions détectés à l'intérieur de la chambre à coucher sont associés à une augmentation de la durée totale des éveils intra-sommeil supérieure à 30 minutes (OR=1,10 pour 10 événements ; IC 95% : 1,03-1,16). Enfin, nous avons observé une augmentation significative de l'amplitude de la fréquence cardiaque pendant un évènement sonore associé au passage d'un avion et le niveau maximum de bruit de cet évènement (LAmax) [etc...] / Background: Air traffic, in constant increase during the last decades, is not without impact on the environment and the population. Aircraft noise in particular represents a serious nuisance and a major issue for public health, particularly in terms of sleep disturbances. However, in France especially, the effects of aircraft noise exposure remain insufficiently evaluated. Objectives: The objective of this PhD is to better know and better quantify the effects of aircraft noise exposure on sleep quality in populations living near airports in France, while distinguishing subjective quality and objective quality. Methods: In order to meet the objectives of the PhD, we used the data collected in an epidemiological research program called DEBATS (Discussion on the Health Effects of Aircraft Noise). The main study, also called the “longitudinal study”, included 1,244 participants living near three French major airports: Paris-Charles de Gaulle, Lyon-Saint-Exupéry and Toulouse-Blagnac. The subjective quality of sleep was assessed using a questionnaire administered by interviewers at the place of residence of the participants. Aircraft noise levels were estimated at each participant's home address using noise maps produced by the French Civil Aviation Authority. A complementary, also called the “sleep study” allowed us to estimate the objective sleep quality of 112 of the 1,244 participants in the longitudinal study. These 112 participants have worn a wrist actigraph for eight nights and an Actiheart (heart rate recorder) for one night. Acoustic measurements were made during these eight days and nights, both inside the participants’ bedrooms and outside (at the exterior façade) in order to characterize their aircraft noise exposure using not only energy indicators (LAeq, LA90) but also events indicators (number of events and maximum level of an noise event or LAmax). Results: The “longitudinaly study” analysis showed an association between aircraft noise exposure during the night (Lnight) and the subjective quality of sleep characterized by a risk of reporting to sleep less than 6 hours per night (OR=1.63 for 10 dB(A); 95% CI: 1.15–2.32) and a risk of feeling tired while awakening in the morning (OR=1.23 for 10 dB(A); 95% CI: 1.00– 1.54). We did not find any significant relationship with the other subjective parameters of sleep quality reported by the subjects themselves, such as time to fall asleep, nocturnal awakenings, sleep satisfaction, and sleep medication intake. We also showed an association between aircraft noise exposure and the objective parameters of sleep quality with an increase in time of sleep onset and duration of wake after sleep onset, and a reduction in sleep efficiency. Aircraft noise exposure also increased total sleep time and time in bed (this could be a matter of behavioral adaption to sleep deprivation). The energy indicators, but more still events indicators, were significantly associated with the objective parameters of sleep quality. For example, aircraft noise events detected inside the bedroom were associated with an increase in total duration of wake after sleep onset greater than 30 minutes (OR=1.10 for 10 events; 95% CI: 1.03-1.16). Finally, we observed a significant increase in amplitude of heart rate during a noise event associated with the passage of an aircraft and the maximum noise level of this event (LAmax). Conclusions: These results, mostly similar to those obtained in the majority of studies in the international literature, confirm that exposure to aircraft noise can decrease both subjective and objective quality of sleep. They also contribute to support the hypothesis that acoustic events indicators could, better than energy indicators more widely used, characterize the effects of aircraft noise on sleep

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:39:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CibeleSSM_DISSERT.pdf: 1625889 bytes, checksum: e88475d537aa320ada9374d3576ad25c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-06-10 / Shift work consists of an array of unusual work hours, such as evenings and weekends, and increasing workload, in order to meet the uninterrupted production, which leads to changes in the quality, duration and regularity of sleep. Research indicates that sleep alteration cause cognitive processes to become slower, unstable and prone to errors, leading to loss of cognitive functions such as visuospatial perception. In this sense, this research aimed to evaluate sleep quality and its relation to visuospatial perception in workers in alternating shifts. Participants were 21 panel operators in a petrochemical company, male, aged 19-53 years. All participants were subjected to schedules of alternating shifts (day and night) of 12 nonstop hours and data were collected from 10 workers who were assigned to the day shift and 11 workers assigned to the night shift. For the sleep evaluation were used the Sleep Diary, the Sleep Habits Questionnaire, the Chronotype Identification Questionnaire and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). The visuospatial skills were assessed using the Rey Complex Figure Test and attention was assessed using a portable version of the Psychomotor Vigilance Task (PVT). The results showed that the general sample of workers obtained poor sleep quality on working days and good sleep quality during the work break. There was shortened sleep duration in the work week and appropriate duration in the work break. No losses were found in the workers visuospatiality, but the good quality of sleep during the work break was correlated to adequate visuospatial performance, for the day shift workers. The attention performance oscillated throughout the work hours, especially on the night shift. It is concluded that the alternating shifts work scheme can be detrimental to the sleep quality workers and a good sleep quality can contribute to a better visuospatial performance / O trabalho em turnos consiste em um arranjo de horas de trabalho n?o usuais, como a noite e nos finais de semana, e com carga hor?ria cada vez maior, com o intuito de atender ? produ??o ininterrupta, que acarreta altera??es na qualidade, dura??o e regularidade do sono. Pesquisas indicam que altera??es do sono fazem com que os processos cognitivos se tornem mais lentos, inst?veis e propensos a erros, levando a preju?zos no desempenho cognitivo de fun??es como a percep??o visuoespacial. Neste sentido, esta pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar a qualidade do sono e sua rela??o com a percep??o visuoespacial de trabalhadores em turnos alternantes. Participaram da pesquisa 21 operadores paineleiros de uma empresa petroqu?mica, do sexo masculino, na faixa et?ria de 19 a 53 anos. Todos os participantes estavam submetidos a esquemas de turnos alternantes (diurno e noturno) de 12 horas ininterruptas e os dados foram coletados em 10 trabalhadores que estavam alocados no turno diurno e 11 trabalhadores alocados no turno noturno. Para a avalia??o do sono foram utilizados o Di?rio de Sono, o Question?rio de H?bitos de Sono, o Question?rio de Identifica??o de Cronotipo e o ?ndice da Qualidade do Sono de Pittsburgh (IQSP). A visuoespacialidade foi avaliada por meio do Teste de Figuras Complexas de Rey e a aten??o foi avaliada atrav?s de uma vers?o port?til do Teste de Vigil?ncia Psicomotora (PVT). Os resultados demonstraram que a amostra geral dos trabalhadores obteve qualidade do sono ruim nos dias de trabalho e qualidade do sono boa na folga. Houve dura??o do sono encurtada na semana de trabalho e dura??o adequada no per?odo da folga. N?o foram encontrados preju?zos nas habilidades visuoespaciais dos trabalhadores, mas a qualidade do sono boa, no per?odo da folga, foi correlacionada ao desempenho visuoespacial adequado para os trabalhadores do turno diurno. O desempenho da aten??o sofreu oscila??o no decorrer das horas trabalhadas, principalmente no turno noturno. Conclui-se que o esquema de trabalho em turnos alternantes pode ser prejudicial para a qualidade do sono dos trabalhadores e que uma boa qualidade de sono pode contribuir para um melhor desempenho visuoespacial

We examined the potential contribution of sleep quality to the relation between mindfulness and subjective vitality, a marker of physical and psychological energy. Seven components of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index were investigated as potential mediators of the association between dispositional mindfulness and subjective vitality in our sample of 219 older adults. Mindfulness, sleep quality, and subjective vitality were significantly and positively associated with each other. Sleep quality partially mediated the relation between mindfulness and subjective vitality, with two components responsible for this effect: habitual sleep efficiency and sleep-related problems experienced during the daytime. Implications of the association between mindfulness and subjective vitality in older adults via sleep quality are addressed, including the potential for interventions to improve sleep quality and well-being among older adults by inclusion of mindfulness training.

Sleep is a basic need, important to physical and psychological recovery. Insomnia implies sleep-related complaints, such as difficulty falling asleep, difficulty staying asleep, early awakening, or non-restorative sleep (NRS) in an individual who has adequate circumstances and opportunity to sleep.  Insomnia is also related to impairment of daytime functions. The prevalence of reported sleep disturbances varies between 15% and 60% in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) up to five years after intervention. Disturbed sleep may have a negative impact on self-care capacity and behaviours. Little attention has been given to evaluation of sleep promotion through individualized non-pharmacological interventions among CAD patients. The overall aim of this thesis was to describe the impact of sleep quality and disrupted sleep on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with stable CAD, in comparison to a population-based group. The objective was also to evaluate an individualized non-pharmacological programme to promote self-care in sleep. Four studies were conducted during seven years, starting in 2001. Patients from six hospitals in the south of Sweden were invited to participate. In addition, an age and gender matched population-based group was randomly selected during the same period as the patients and was used for comparison with the CAD patients in two of the studies. Data was collected through interviews, self-reported questionnaires, a study specific sleep diary and actigraphy registrations. A pretest-posttest control design was used to evaluate whether an individualized non-pharmacological intervention programme could promote self-care in sleep-activity in CAD patients. The results showed a high prevalence of insomniac CAD patients out of whom a large proportion were non-rested insomniacs. This showed that NRS is one of the core symptoms of insomnia. On the other hand there were weak or non-significant gender differences with increasing insomnia severity. Severe insomniac CAD patients displayed a two or threefold higher presleep arousal or anxiety score and were more limited in taking physical exercise than the general population. Generally low sleep efficiency (SE%) was revealed in the studies, particularly among severe non-rested insomniac CAD patients. Among CAD patients, the individualized non-pharmacological programme to promote self-care in sleep-activity indicated improvements in sleep and HRQoL. This thesis elucidates the importance of focusing on the individual’s perception of their sleep-activity and health in their local context and supporting self-care management. Furthermore, it is of importance that nurses set individual goals together with the patient in order to increase self-efficacy to promote HRQoL.

Fatigue is a distressing, complex, and multidimensional sensation, that is common in individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and impacts negatively on their functioning and quality of life. Limited research has been conducted to examine how various factors may influence the different dimensions of subjective fatigue experienced in these individuals. Four dimensions of subjective fatigue including: emotional, behavioural, cognitive, and physical, were examined in a convenience sample of 42 participants with COPD who attended an outpatient pulmonary rehabilitation program. The primary purpose of this feasibility study was to determine the proportion of individuals experiencing the four dimensions of fatigue, and to examine the relationships between these dimensions of fatigue and various influencing factors (dyspnea, depression, anxiety, sleep quality, activity limitation, heart rate, and oxygen saturation). The secondary purpose was to compare the four dimensions of fatigue by sex, supplemental oxygen use, smoking status, and severity of dyspnea, and to examine the relationships between the four dimensions of fatigue and age, the number of co-morbidities, and the amount of pulmonary rehabilitation received. Self-report questionnaires were used to measure fatigue (Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory MFI), anxiety and depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale HADS), and sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index PSQI). Pulmonary rehabilitation health records were accessed to collect data on the remaining variables. The majority of the participants (61.9% - 81.0%) experienced moderate levels of subjective fatigue in all four dimensions. Moderate to severe levels of physical fatigue were experienced in 95.3% of the participants. The only significant relationship was between anxiety and emotional fatigue; all other relationships were statistically insignificant. There were no significant differences between sex, supplemental oxygen use, smoking status, and severity of dyspnea on the four dimensions of subjective fatigue. Many of the participants had probable presence of clinical anxiety (42.9%), where the prevalence of anxiety was nearly twice as high as depression (21.4%). Findings from this study can be used by healthcare professionals to gain a better understanding of fatigue in individuals with COPD who attend pulmonary rehabilitation, and help in developing effective interventions for reducing the distressing effects of fatigue.