Background: Wind turbines (WTs) are an emerging source of renewable energy in Ontario. One concern is that aerodynamic and mechanical noise produced by the WTs results in sleep disturbance in residents living near such facilities. However, evidence to date is primarily self-reported, with no objective measures of the impact on sleep quality currently in the literature. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine if the presence of a grid connected WT is a risk factor for poor sleep quality and if wind turbine noise is associated with sleep parameters. The hypothesis was that individuals residing within fifteen hundred meters of a WT experience poorer sleep, compared to those who do not reside near a WT. Methods: A daily sleep diary and actigraphy-derived measures of sleep quality were obtained from twelve participants from a WT community in rural Ontario and ten participants from a comparison community with no wind power installations. Sound level meters were used to assess the equivalent (LAeq) and maximum (LAmax) sound pressure levels within the bedroom. A variety of statistical analysis were performed to determine co-variation between variables, noise thresholds for sleep disturbance, and risk for poor sleep quality. Results: A total of 110 person-nights and 12,971 sleep epochs were observed. Participants in the exposed group lived at a mean distance of 795 m from the closest WT (range 474 m–1085 m). Although numerous actigraphy-derived sleep parameters were poorer in the exposed group, including lower average sleep efficiency (89% vs. 92%), longer sleep onset latency (6 min vs. 4 min), and longer wake after sleep onset (42 min vs. 29 min), the differences were not statistically significant. When the data was dichotomized by quality of sleep, the prevalence of poor sleep in the exposed group was greater than in the unexposed group (22 vs. 11 per 100 person-nights), although the results of logistic regression modeling indicated that the differences were not statistically significant (after adjustment for age and sex). Findings from the analysis of sleep epochs showed an association between awakenings and LAmax (during the sleep epoch) only for noise events above 55 dBA. No significant differences in sleep parameters derived from the sleep diaries were found between the groups. Conclusion: Both actigraphy and sleep diaries can provide valuable information to understand the impact of industrial WTs on the quality of sleep for residents living in the vicinity. This pilot study had a small sample size which reduced the likelihood of identifying differences in sleep quality between the exposed and unexposed groups. Additionally, measurements were obtained during periods of relatively low wind speeds (nightly power outputs ranged from 1 to 34 MW or 0.5 to 17% capacity) thus, limiting the generalizability of the findings. Findings of poorer mean values of numerous sleep parameters in the exposed group support the need for more extensive research in the area. Low response to noise events up to 45 dBA was an interesting finding that also merits further investigation. Assessment of WT noise is complex and noise exposure measurement requires unique methods than those used for other sources of community noise.

Bakgrund: Övervikt och fetma är ett ökat problem bland barn och ungdomar runt om i världen. Det finns många faktorer som kan påverka att ett barn blir överviktig, bland annat dåligt sömnmönster. Syftet med denna studie är att kartlägga hur barn och ungdomar med övervikt eller fetma i åldrarna 6-18 år sover.   Metod: En kvantitativ studie gjordes genom att sammanställa data från enkäter som lämnats genom ett vårdprogram för överviktiga barn och ungdomar vid ett sjukhus i Mellansverige. Totalt deltog 40 barn i åldrarna 6-12 år och 36 ungdomar i åldrarna 13-18 år.   Resultat: Barn 6-12 år sov i genomsnitt 9,1 timmar på vardagar och 9,4 timmar under helgdagar. Motsvarande siffror för ungdomar 13-18 år var 7,3 respektive 9,1 timmar. Det finns en signifikant skillnad i sömnduration mellan barn och ungdomar under vardagar. Barn och ungdomar skattar sin sömnkvalité som generellt bra, dock har ungdomar i högre grad problem som är kopplade till sömn än vad barn har och en signifikant skillnad mellan grupperna kan ses avseende snarkningar. Det finns inte något samband mellan antal sömntimmar per natt och upplevelsen av sömnkvalité.   Slutsats: Barn och ungdomar sover inte tillräckligt, eller på gränsen till för lite, enligt de rekommendationer som finns men de upplever själva att deras sömnkvalité är generellt bra. Mer forskning behövs kring barn och ungdomar med övervikt eller fetma och deras sömnvanor för säkrare resultat. / Background: Overweight and obesity are increased problems in the world. There are many factors that possibly can have an effect on overweight, for example bad sleep patterns. The purpose of this study is to investigate the sleep duration and quality amongst children and adolescents with overweight or obesity.   Method: A quantitative study has been made by compiling information from a questionnaire. The questionnaire was given out at a hospital in the middle of Sweden. 40 children, in ages 6-12 years, and 36 adolescents, in ages 13-18 years, participated in the study.   Results: Children (6-12 years old) slept in average 9,4 hours during weekdays and 9,1 hours during weekends. Adolescents (13-18 years old) slept in average 7,3 hours during weekdays and 7,1 hours during weekends. There´s a significant difference between the groups considering sleep duration during weekdays. The children and adolescents value their sleep quality as good, though adolescents report a higher level of sleep issues than children. There´s a significant difference between the groups considering loud snoring. There´s no significant correlation between sleep duration and reported sleep quality.   Conclusion: Children and adolescents don’t sleep enough, or barely sleep enough, according to the recommendations for children in 6-18 years. However, the participants consider themselves having an, in general, good sleep quality. More research about sleep patterns amongst obese and overweight children and adolescents is needed, to acquire a higher understanding.

Os objetivos desse estudo foram verificar as associações entre atividade física (AF) organizada fora da escola, aptidão cardiorrespiratória (APCR) e qualidade do sono com os indicadores de saúde mental em crianças e verificar se a AF organizada fora da escola ou a APCR eram moderadores da relação entre a qualidade do sono com os indicadores de saúde mental. É um estudo de corte transversal, desenvolvido em 232 crianças (118 meninos e 114 meninas) de uma escola de ensino fundamental da rede estadual da cidade de Porto Alegre - RS, selecionada por conveniência. A saúde mental foi avaliada através do Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, respondido pelos pais. A AF organizada fora da escola e qualidade do sono também foram reportados pelos pais, através de perguntas de uma anamnese. A APCR foi avaliada através do teste de corrida e caminhada de 6 minutos. Como covariáveis, o nível socioeconômico (NSE) foi verificado através de uma adaptação do questionário da ABEP, além do sexo e idade (indicados pelos pais). Para análise de dados utilizou-se estatística descritiva, regressão linear generalizada, correlação e análises de moderação. Os resultados indicaram que, nos meninos, a AF organizada fora da escola apresentou associação com o total de dificuldades (β= 2,691; p= 0,03) e sintomas emocionais (β= 1,528; p< 0,001). A APCR relacionou-se com o total de dificuldades (β= -0,013; p< 0,001), hiperatividade/déficit de atenção (β= -0,006; p< 0,001) e problemas de relacionamento com colegas (β= -0,002; p< 0,001). Nas meninas, houveram associações entre o NSE com o total de dificuldades (β= 2,783; p= 0,03) e hiperatividade/déficit de atenção (β= 1,245; p= 0,01), além da idade com os problemas de conduta (β= -0,136; p< 0,001). A qualidade do sono apresentou associação com total de dificuldades (r= -0,45; p< 0,001), sintomas emocionais (r= - 0,31; p= 0,001), problemas de conduta (r= -0,29; p= 0,001), hiperatividade/déficit de atenção (r= -0,43; p< 0,001), e os problemas de relacionamento com colegas (r= - 0,25; p< 0,001), nos meninos. Já nas meninas a qualidade do sono associou-se com o total de dificuldades (r= -0,27; p< 0,001), sintomas emocionais (r= -0,18; p= 0,05), e problemas de conduta (r= -0,25; p= 0,01). A AF organizada fora da escola e APCR não foram moderadoras da relação entre a qualidade do sono e os indicadores de saúde mental. Diante das associações, conclui-se que crianças que mantém hábitos saudáveis como dormir bem, praticar AF organizada fora da escola e ter bons níveis de APCR, apresentam melhores níveis de saúde mental. / The aims of the present study were to verify the associations between organized physical activity (PA) outside school, cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and sleep quality as indicators of mental health in children, and to verify if organized PA outside school or CRF were moderators of the relationship between sleep quality with mental health indicators. It is a cross-sectional study, developed with 232 children (118 boys and 114 girls) of a public from Porto Alegre - RS, selected by convenience. Mental health was assessed through the Strengths and Difficulties questionnaire, answered by the parents. Also, the parents, through an anamnesis, reported organized PA and sleep quality. CRF was evaluated through the running and walking test of 6 minutes. As covariates, socioeconomic status was obtained by an adaptation of the ABEP questionnaire, in addition to gender and age. To data analysis were used descriptive statistics, generalized linear regression, correlation and moderation analyzes. The results indicated that, in boys, organized PA outside school showed association with total difficulties (β= 2.691; p= 0.03) and emotional symptoms (β= 1.528; p< 0.001). CRF was related with total difficulties (β= -0.013; p<0.001), hyperactivity/attention deficit (β= -0.006; p<0.001) and relationship problems with colleagues (β= -0.002; p< 0.001). In girls, there was an association between socioeconomic status with total difficulties ((β= 2.783; p= 0.03) and hyperactivity/attention deficit (β= 1.245; p= 0.01), besides age with conduct problems (β= -0.136; p<0.001). Sleep quality was associated with total difficulty (r= -0.45; p<0.001), emotional symptoms (r= -0.31; p=0.001), behavioral problems (r= -0.29; p=0.001), hyperactivity/attention deficit (r= - 0.43; p<0.001) and relationship problems with colleagues (r= -0.25; p<0.001), in boy. Already in girls, sleep quality was associated with total difficulties (r= -0.27; p<0.001), emotional symptoms (r= -0.18; p= 0.05) and behavioral problems (r= -0.25; p=0.01). Organized PA outside school and CRF were not moderators of the relationship between sleep quality and mental health indicators. Considering the associations, it is concluded that children who maintain healthy habits, such as sleeping well, practicing organized PA outside of school and having good levels of CRF, present better levels of mental health.

Whereas sleep is often thought of as a common health issue among college students, few, if any, researchers have comprehensively evaluated correlates and predictors of sleep quality and quantity within this population. Most often, studies of this type are used by researchers to assess particular categories of correlates and predictors (e.g., emotional and mental health, student employment, substance abuse, etc.). The present study was conducted to determine correlates and predictors of sleep quantity and quality using among randomly selected college students at a Midwestern four-year research university with high research activity. A classroom survey comprised of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, the Medical Outcomes Study - Short Form 36, a sleep journal, and demographic questions was administered to students enrolled in 18 University Core Curriculum classes during the spring 2011 semester. Four hundred and sixty student surveys were used for data analysis. Average weekday sleep length was found to be statistically significantly correlated only with mental wellbeing. No statistically significant correlations were found between any of the potential predictor variables and the dependent variables of average weekend day sleep length. Overall sleep quality was found to be statistically significantly correlated with mental and physical wellbeing. Using path analysis, three reduced models, one for each of the three dependent variables (weekday sleep length, weekend day sleep length, and overall sleep quality, were produced. Through ×2 testing, reduced models for all three models fit the full model's data; deleted paths did not contribute to the model. As a whole, students are getting adequate sleep length, but possess poor sleep quality. Sleep quality and sleep quantity, are influenced by different factors, creating challenges for those wishing to provide education, prevention and intervention services.

O presente estudo trata da organização dos horários de trabalho em turnos fixos, analisando seu impacto na qualidade do sono, na utilização do tempo livre pelo trabalhador e de aspectos relacionados à sua percepção quanto à saúde. A pesquisa foi realizada com auxiliares do setor de impressão e acabamento de uma gráfica e editora localizada na cidade industrial, em Curitiba no estado do Paraná. Para avaliar a qualidade do sono, das relações sociais e da saúde, utilizou-se a versão traduzida do Standard Shiftwork Index (SSI) (JAFFE; SMOLENSKI; WUN, 1996). Para a identificação do cronotipo (vespertinidade/matutinidade) foi utilizado o questionário de Horne e Ostberg (1976). Os resultados demonstraram não haver diferenças significativas entre os três turnos quando comparados os valores médios dos escores de cada constructo, com exceção para as atividades sociais e familiares. Quando analisadas separadamente, cada questão do SSI referente ao sono, algumas tendências indicaram que quando o cronotipo é relacionado com o turno de trabalho, existem percepções diferentes quanto à qualidade do sono. Foi constatado também nos três turnos um anseio dos trabalhadores por um dia a mais de folga na semana, pois o descanso semanal não é suficiente para reparar a fadiga ocasionada pelo trabalho, principalmente para os trabalhadores do terceiro turno. / The present study analyses the organization of work shifts and their impact on sleep quality, on free time allowed by the work shift for social and family activities, and on specific health aspects perceived by the worker. The subjects of the study were workmen at a printing and publishing company in Curitiba´s Industrial District. In order to evaluate the quality of sleep, social relations, and health, the translated version of the Standard Shiftwork Index (SSI) (JAFFE; SMOLENSKI; WUN, 1996) was employed. The chronotype (evening / morning) was evaluated by use of the Horne and Ostberg (1976) questionary. Results showed no meaningful differences between the three shifts, when comparing average values of the scores for each construct, except for social and family activities. When each SSI sleep related question was analysed separately, there were trends which indicated that when the chronotype is related to work shift, there are different perceptions of sleep quality. A common wish of the workpeople in all three shifts is one extra day off during the week, since it is felt that the weekly rest is not enough to repair work related fatigue, especially for those in the third shift.

O impacto da dimensão matutinidade/vespertinidade pode interferir no comportamento social e na saúde do indivíduo. Nos últimos anos, esta dimensão tem sido amplamente estudada dentro do âmbito da cronobiologia. Este estudo transversal teve como objetivo determinar o cronotipo de estudantes universitários do 6º semestre dos cursos de turno integral da Universidade de Passo Fundo - Rio Grande do Sul e observar a associação desses cronotipos com parâmetros sociodemográficos, comportamentais e também com a qualidade do sono, a sonolência diurna e distúrbios psiquiátricos menores. Os instrumentos utilizados na pesquisa foram: Pittsburg (PSQI), para avaliar a prevalência da qualidade do sono; Horne Ostberg (MEQ), para determinar o cronotipo; o SRQ20, para os distúrbios psiquiátricos menores; o Epwort (ESS), para sonolência diurna; o AUDIT, para o uso de álcool, e um questionário para variáveis sociodemográficas e comportamentais. Participaram do estudo 372 estudantes, 66,7% do sexo feminino e 33,3% masculino, com idade média de 21,6 anos DP±3,08 (IC min18 max 50); 92,2% não faziam uso de tabaco; 58,9% praticam atividade física e 58,6 % apresentaram consumo de risco para o álcool; referiram trabalhar no terceiro turno 19,7%. Quanto à prevalência para os cronotipos, foram encontrados cronotipos indiferentes 55,9%, seguidos de 39,5% para vespertinos e 4,6% matutinos. Cronotipos vespertinos foram associados ao sexo masculino odds ratio OR=1,72; pobre qualidade do sono OR=1,89; distúrbios psiquiátricos menores OR=1,92 e uso de tabaco OR=3,65. Estes resultados apontam a necessidade de ações educativas e preventivas para esta população vulnerável, no intuito de minimizar possíveis danos à sua saúde física e mental. / The impact of morningness-eveningness dimension can affect social behavior and individual health. The aim of the present study was to determine the chronotype of full time university students in the 6th semester of the Universidade de Passo Fundo - Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil - and evaluate its influence in behavioral parameters. The instruments used in the study were: a demographic questionnaire; PSQI to evaluate sleep quality; MEQ to determine chronotypes; SRQ-20 to minor psychiatric disorders; ESS to daytime sleepiness; AUDIT to alcohol use. 372 students participated in the study: 66.7% were female and 33.3% were male; aged 21.6 years + 3.08 (mean +SD). 92,2% did not use tobacco, 58.9% practiced physical activity and 58,6 showed risks of alcohol abuse; 19.7% reported working in third shift. Regarding the prevalence of chronotypes, it was found 55,9% of indifferent chronotypes, 39,5% of evening, and 4,6% of morning type. Evening chronotypes was associated that male gender odds ratio OR =1,72; poor sleep quality OR=1,89; minor psyquiatric disorders OR= 1,92 and tobacco use OR=3,65. So this study concluded that evening chronotype was related with gender, poor sleep quality, minor psychiatric disorders and tobacco use in the studied population and points to preventive actions and education for this vulnerable population.

Os objetivos desse estudo foram verificar as associações entre atividade física (AF) organizada fora da escola, aptidão cardiorrespiratória (APCR) e qualidade do sono com os indicadores de saúde mental em crianças e verificar se a AF organizada fora da escola ou a APCR eram moderadores da relação entre a qualidade do sono com os indicadores de saúde mental. É um estudo de corte transversal, desenvolvido em 232 crianças (118 meninos e 114 meninas) de uma escola de ensino fundamental da rede estadual da cidade de Porto Alegre - RS, selecionada por conveniência. A saúde mental foi avaliada através do Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, respondido pelos pais. A AF organizada fora da escola e qualidade do sono também foram reportados pelos pais, através de perguntas de uma anamnese. A APCR foi avaliada através do teste de corrida e caminhada de 6 minutos. Como covariáveis, o nível socioeconômico (NSE) foi verificado através de uma adaptação do questionário da ABEP, além do sexo e idade (indicados pelos pais). Para análise de dados utilizou-se estatística descritiva, regressão linear generalizada, correlação e análises de moderação. Os resultados indicaram que, nos meninos, a AF organizada fora da escola apresentou associação com o total de dificuldades (β= 2,691; p= 0,03) e sintomas emocionais (β= 1,528; p< 0,001). A APCR relacionou-se com o total de dificuldades (β= -0,013; p< 0,001), hiperatividade/déficit de atenção (β= -0,006; p< 0,001) e problemas de relacionamento com colegas (β= -0,002; p< 0,001). Nas meninas, houveram associações entre o NSE com o total de dificuldades (β= 2,783; p= 0,03) e hiperatividade/déficit de atenção (β= 1,245; p= 0,01), além da idade com os problemas de conduta (β= -0,136; p< 0,001). A qualidade do sono apresentou associação com total de dificuldades (r= -0,45; p< 0,001), sintomas emocionais (r= - 0,31; p= 0,001), problemas de conduta (r= -0,29; p= 0,001), hiperatividade/déficit de atenção (r= -0,43; p< 0,001), e os problemas de relacionamento com colegas (r= - 0,25; p< 0,001), nos meninos. Já nas meninas a qualidade do sono associou-se com o total de dificuldades (r= -0,27; p< 0,001), sintomas emocionais (r= -0,18; p= 0,05), e problemas de conduta (r= -0,25; p= 0,01). A AF organizada fora da escola e APCR não foram moderadoras da relação entre a qualidade do sono e os indicadores de saúde mental. Diante das associações, conclui-se que crianças que mantém hábitos saudáveis como dormir bem, praticar AF organizada fora da escola e ter bons níveis de APCR, apresentam melhores níveis de saúde mental. / The aims of the present study were to verify the associations between organized physical activity (PA) outside school, cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and sleep quality as indicators of mental health in children, and to verify if organized PA outside school or CRF were moderators of the relationship between sleep quality with mental health indicators. It is a cross-sectional study, developed with 232 children (118 boys and 114 girls) of a public from Porto Alegre - RS, selected by convenience. Mental health was assessed through the Strengths and Difficulties questionnaire, answered by the parents. Also, the parents, through an anamnesis, reported organized PA and sleep quality. CRF was evaluated through the running and walking test of 6 minutes. As covariates, socioeconomic status was obtained by an adaptation of the ABEP questionnaire, in addition to gender and age. To data analysis were used descriptive statistics, generalized linear regression, correlation and moderation analyzes. The results indicated that, in boys, organized PA outside school showed association with total difficulties (β= 2.691; p= 0.03) and emotional symptoms (β= 1.528; p< 0.001). CRF was related with total difficulties (β= -0.013; p<0.001), hyperactivity/attention deficit (β= -0.006; p<0.001) and relationship problems with colleagues (β= -0.002; p< 0.001). In girls, there was an association between socioeconomic status with total difficulties ((β= 2.783; p= 0.03) and hyperactivity/attention deficit (β= 1.245; p= 0.01), besides age with conduct problems (β= -0.136; p<0.001). Sleep quality was associated with total difficulty (r= -0.45; p<0.001), emotional symptoms (r= -0.31; p=0.001), behavioral problems (r= -0.29; p=0.001), hyperactivity/attention deficit (r= - 0.43; p<0.001) and relationship problems with colleagues (r= -0.25; p<0.001), in boy. Already in girls, sleep quality was associated with total difficulties (r= -0.27; p<0.001), emotional symptoms (r= -0.18; p= 0.05) and behavioral problems (r= -0.25; p=0.01). Organized PA outside school and CRF were not moderators of the relationship between sleep quality and mental health indicators. Considering the associations, it is concluded that children who maintain healthy habits, such as sleeping well, practicing organized PA outside of school and having good levels of CRF, present better levels of mental health.

O impacto da dimensão matutinidade/vespertinidade pode interferir no comportamento social e na saúde do indivíduo. Nos últimos anos, esta dimensão tem sido amplamente estudada dentro do âmbito da cronobiologia. Este estudo transversal teve como objetivo determinar o cronotipo de estudantes universitários do 6º semestre dos cursos de turno integral da Universidade de Passo Fundo - Rio Grande do Sul e observar a associação desses cronotipos com parâmetros sociodemográficos, comportamentais e também com a qualidade do sono, a sonolência diurna e distúrbios psiquiátricos menores. Os instrumentos utilizados na pesquisa foram: Pittsburg (PSQI), para avaliar a prevalência da qualidade do sono; Horne Ostberg (MEQ), para determinar o cronotipo; o SRQ20, para os distúrbios psiquiátricos menores; o Epwort (ESS), para sonolência diurna; o AUDIT, para o uso de álcool, e um questionário para variáveis sociodemográficas e comportamentais. Participaram do estudo 372 estudantes, 66,7% do sexo feminino e 33,3% masculino, com idade média de 21,6 anos DP±3,08 (IC min18 max 50); 92,2% não faziam uso de tabaco; 58,9% praticam atividade física e 58,6 % apresentaram consumo de risco para o álcool; referiram trabalhar no terceiro turno 19,7%. Quanto à prevalência para os cronotipos, foram encontrados cronotipos indiferentes 55,9%, seguidos de 39,5% para vespertinos e 4,6% matutinos. Cronotipos vespertinos foram associados ao sexo masculino odds ratio OR=1,72; pobre qualidade do sono OR=1,89; distúrbios psiquiátricos menores OR=1,92 e uso de tabaco OR=3,65. Estes resultados apontam a necessidade de ações educativas e preventivas para esta população vulnerável, no intuito de minimizar possíveis danos à sua saúde física e mental. / The impact of morningness-eveningness dimension can affect social behavior and individual health. The aim of the present study was to determine the chronotype of full time university students in the 6th semester of the Universidade de Passo Fundo - Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil - and evaluate its influence in behavioral parameters. The instruments used in the study were: a demographic questionnaire; PSQI to evaluate sleep quality; MEQ to determine chronotypes; SRQ-20 to minor psychiatric disorders; ESS to daytime sleepiness; AUDIT to alcohol use. 372 students participated in the study: 66.7% were female and 33.3% were male; aged 21.6 years + 3.08 (mean +SD). 92,2% did not use tobacco, 58.9% practiced physical activity and 58,6 showed risks of alcohol abuse; 19.7% reported working in third shift. Regarding the prevalence of chronotypes, it was found 55,9% of indifferent chronotypes, 39,5% of evening, and 4,6% of morning type. Evening chronotypes was associated that male gender odds ratio OR =1,72; poor sleep quality OR=1,89; minor psyquiatric disorders OR= 1,92 and tobacco use OR=3,65. So this study concluded that evening chronotype was related with gender, poor sleep quality, minor psychiatric disorders and tobacco use in the studied population and points to preventive actions and education for this vulnerable population.

O presente estudo trata da organização dos horários de trabalho em turnos fixos, analisando seu impacto na qualidade do sono, na utilização do tempo livre pelo trabalhador e de aspectos relacionados à sua percepção quanto à saúde. A pesquisa foi realizada com auxiliares do setor de impressão e acabamento de uma gráfica e editora localizada na cidade industrial, em Curitiba no estado do Paraná. Para avaliar a qualidade do sono, das relações sociais e da saúde, utilizou-se a versão traduzida do Standard Shiftwork Index (SSI) (JAFFE; SMOLENSKI; WUN, 1996). Para a identificação do cronotipo (vespertinidade/matutinidade) foi utilizado o questionário de Horne e Ostberg (1976). Os resultados demonstraram não haver diferenças significativas entre os três turnos quando comparados os valores médios dos escores de cada constructo, com exceção para as atividades sociais e familiares. Quando analisadas separadamente, cada questão do SSI referente ao sono, algumas tendências indicaram que quando o cronotipo é relacionado com o turno de trabalho, existem percepções diferentes quanto à qualidade do sono. Foi constatado também nos três turnos um anseio dos trabalhadores por um dia a mais de folga na semana, pois o descanso semanal não é suficiente para reparar a fadiga ocasionada pelo trabalho, principalmente para os trabalhadores do terceiro turno. / The present study analyses the organization of work shifts and their impact on sleep quality, on free time allowed by the work shift for social and family activities, and on specific health aspects perceived by the worker. The subjects of the study were workmen at a printing and publishing company in Curitiba´s Industrial District. In order to evaluate the quality of sleep, social relations, and health, the translated version of the Standard Shiftwork Index (SSI) (JAFFE; SMOLENSKI; WUN, 1996) was employed. The chronotype (evening / morning) was evaluated by use of the Horne and Ostberg (1976) questionary. Results showed no meaningful differences between the three shifts, when comparing average values of the scores for each construct, except for social and family activities. When each SSI sleep related question was analysed separately, there were trends which indicated that when the chronotype is related to work shift, there are different perceptions of sleep quality. A common wish of the workpeople in all three shifts is one extra day off during the week, since it is felt that the weekly rest is not enough to repair work related fatigue, especially for those in the third shift.

abstract: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic disease affecting more than ten percent of the U.S. adults. Approximately 50 percent of people with diabetes fail to achieve glycemic targets of A1C levels below seven percent. Poor glycemic control disproportionately affects minority populations such as Korean Americans (KAs). Successful diabetes self-management requires a comprehensive approach that takes into account depression, sleep, and acculturation to achieve good glycemic control. Therefore, the purposes of this study were to: 1) describe the levels of glycemic control, depressive symptoms, sleep quality and duration, and acculturation; 2) examine an association of depressive symptoms with glycemic control; 3) identify mediational roles of sleep quality and sleep duration of less than 6 hours between depressive symptoms and glycemic control; and 4) explore a moderation role of acculturation between depressive symptoms and glycemic control in KAs with T2DM. This is a cross-sectional, descriptive correlational study. A total of 119 first generation KAs with T2DM were recruited from Korean communities in Arizona. A1C levels, the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, the Suinn-Lew Asian Self-Identity Acculturation scale, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, and the Berlin Questionnaire were measured. Descriptive statistics, multiple regression analyses, path analyses, and the Sobel tests were conducted for data analyses of this study. Poor glycemic control (A1C ≥ 7 %), high depressive symptoms (CES-D ≥ 16), poor sleep quality (PSQI > 5), and short sleep duration (< 6 hours) were prevalent among KAs with T2DM. The mean score of acculturation (2.18) indicated low acculturation to Western culture. Depressive symptoms were revealed as a significant independent predictor of glycemic control. Physical activity was negatively associated with glycemic control, while cultural identity was positively related to glycemic control. Sleep quality and sleep duration of less than 6 hours did not mediate the relationship between depressive symptoms and glycemic control. Acculturation did not moderate the association between depressive symptoms and glycemic control. Diabetes self-management interventions of a comprehensive approach that considers depressive symptoms, sleep problems, and cultural differences in minority populations with T2DM are needed. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Nursing and Healthcare Innovation 2017