Fatigue is a distressing, complex, and multidimensional sensation, that is common in individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and impacts negatively on their functioning and quality of life. Limited research has been conducted to examine how various factors may influence the different dimensions of subjective fatigue experienced in these individuals. Four dimensions of subjective fatigue including: emotional, behavioural, cognitive, and physical, were examined in a convenience sample of 42 participants with COPD who attended an outpatient pulmonary rehabilitation program. The primary purpose of this feasibility study was to determine the proportion of individuals experiencing the four dimensions of fatigue, and to examine the relationships between these dimensions of fatigue and various influencing factors (dyspnea, depression, anxiety, sleep quality, activity limitation, heart rate, and oxygen saturation). The secondary purpose was to compare the four dimensions of fatigue by sex, supplemental oxygen use, smoking status, and severity of dyspnea, and to examine the relationships between the four dimensions of fatigue and age, the number of co-morbidities, and the amount of pulmonary rehabilitation received. Self-report questionnaires were used to measure fatigue (Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory MFI), anxiety and depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale HADS), and sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index PSQI). Pulmonary rehabilitation health records were accessed to collect data on the remaining variables. The majority of the participants (61.9% - 81.0%) experienced moderate levels of subjective fatigue in all four dimensions. Moderate to severe levels of physical fatigue were experienced in 95.3% of the participants. The only significant relationship was between anxiety and emotional fatigue; all other relationships were statistically insignificant. There were no significant differences between sex, supplemental oxygen use, smoking status, and severity of dyspnea on the four dimensions of subjective fatigue. Many of the participants had probable presence of clinical anxiety (42.9%), where the prevalence of anxiety was nearly twice as high as depression (21.4%). Findings from this study can be used by healthcare professionals to gain a better understanding of fatigue in individuals with COPD who attend pulmonary rehabilitation, and help in developing effective interventions for reducing the distressing effects of fatigue.

研究目的 對於慢性腎臟病患者而言，睡眠困擾是十分常見的問題。過去相關研究中，研究對象較偏重於已進入透析治療的患者，且大多著重於探討人口學及臨床變項，而忽略了心理及行為因素（例如睡前激發狀態、睡眠衛生行為）的影響。本研究試圖改善過去研究之不足，釐清心理及行為因子在慢性腎臟病患者的睡眠問題中所扮演之角色。 研究方法 本研究採橫斷性調查研究，於腎臟科門診及血液透析室招募第三期到第五期（eGFR＜60 ml/min/1.73m2）的慢性腎臟病患者。最終納入分析的個案共有152人，其中77人為未達尿毒症的慢性腎臟病患者，75人為穩定接受血液透析治療（3個月以上）的尿毒症患者。受試者需完成匹茲堡睡眠品質量表、失眠嚴重度量表、睡眠衛生行為量表、睡前激發狀態量表、醫院焦慮與憂鬱量表，並且回答和不寧腿症候群、疼痛及皮膚癢程度相關的問題，此外，本研究亦從病歷紀錄中抄錄相關的檢驗數値以及共病情形。 研究結果 未透析患者約有29.9%睡眠品質不佳、23.4%有失眠問題；而血液透析患者約有57.3%睡眠品質不佳、28.0%有失眠的問題。血液透析患者和未透析患者相比，其睡眠品質顯著較差，且失眠較為嚴重。迴歸分析結果顯示，MMSE得分較低、共病較多、疼痛程度較高、和焦慮相關行為較多可預測較差的睡眠品質，而焦慮與憂鬱情緒較高、焦慮相關行為較多、和認知激發程度較高可預測較嚴重的失眠。未透析患者的睡眠問題主要是受到和激發相關的行為或認知活動的影響，而血液透析患者的睡眠則較容易受到疾病和症狀相關因素的影響。 結論 疾病與臨床因素、身體症狀、以及睡眠心理及行為相關因素對於慢性腎臟病患者的睡眠有所影響，但對於未透析和已透析的患者，其影響因素和影響程度可能不同。

Playing violent video games may provoke aggression. Psycho-physiological methods may provide knowledge about the underlying psychological processes. Most previous studies have been performed in laboratory settings at daytime with adults. Thus the aim of this thesis was to investigate psycho-physiological (autonomic and HPA related reactions), sleep-related and emotional responses in teenage boys to playing a violent and a non-violent video game at home before going to sleep. In Study I the autonomic responses differed between the violent and the non-violent game during playing and more distinctly during sleep. In Study II the HPA axis was not affected by video gaming at all. In Study III, the effect of habits of playing violent games was assessed (≤ 1h/day and ≥ 3h/day). High versus low experience of violent gaming were related to different autonomic, sleep-related and emotional processes at exposure to a violent and a non-violent game, during playing and during sleep. The present thesis demonstrated that violent and non-violent games induce different autonomic responses during playing and – more distinctly – during sleep. Frequent gaming seems to influence physiological, sleep-related and emotional reactions, possibly as an expression of desensitization processes.

Historically, children were considered to rarely experience sleep problems and daytime sleepiness in middle childhood (5 – 12-years of age), however more recent findings indicate this may have changed. Psychosocial and environmental factors, such as technology use and bedtime routines, have been associated with reduced sleep quantity and/or quality. Links have also emerged between shorter sleep duration in children, and an increased risk of obesity in childhood and adulthood. Although a number of studies have investigated children’s sleep internationally, data are limited on both average sleep duration and the stability of sleep patterns of New Zealand children. This study aimed to collect normative data on the sleep of 6 – 8-year-olds, living in New Zealand, across both school and non-school nights, identify modifiable factors that impact on children’s sleep within the family environment, explore the relationship between children’s sleep and BMI, and pilot methods for potential future research. Actigraphy and diaries were used for seven consecutive days and nights, as well as a questionnaire incorporating the Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ), with 52 families living in the Wellington region. Stable objectively measured sleep patterns were identified, consistent with findings of Nixon et al. (2008). School night sleep duration was found to be, on average, longer than non-school night sleep, and parents tended to over-estimate their children’s sleep duration. Mean school night sleep duration was 9.9 hours (SD = 0.5) and non-school night sleep duration was 9.5 hours (SD = 0.7). No differences were identified between boys’ and girls’ sleep, and the 14% of children categorised as being overweight did not exhibit significantly different sleep patterns from the rest of the sample. Modifiable factors of technology and caffeine use were associated with differences in children’s sleep, as were non-modifiable familial factors of shiftworking adults living in the home, childcare duration and finishing times, and younger children in the household. Recommendations for future research include increasing the size and diversity of the sample, extending actigraphic recording to at least 10 consecutive days and nights to incorporate two weekends, using PSG with a sub-sample of children, and implementing a longitudinal study.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-06T17:07:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Valdeni Bernardo.pdf: 27418 bytes, checksum: f64eaa8e3c0c14a75487f7943c321790 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-07-22 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This research was carried out from two basic aims that sought to contemplate the descriptive and experimental steps: a) verify the associations between level of physical activity, sleep quality, excessive daytime sleepiness and demographic characteristics of military police of Florianópolis of the Military Police State of anta Catarina; b) analyze the effects of aerobic swimming exercise on sleep quality and excessive daytime sleepiness military police of Florianópolis of the Military Police of the State of Santa Catarina. The population was characterized by military police officers who work in the Greater Florianópolis region, a total of 975 subjects (N1 = 27). The sample of descriptive study was composed by availability between the military police who respected the inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 438 subjects (n1) and the sample of semi-experimental study was obtained by division the subjects into two intervention groups physical exercise swimming according to the intensity (moderate versus high) and a control group, composed of nine subjects in each of them (n2 = 27). The instruments used were: a) evaluation form about demographic and anthropometric data; b) physical activity questionnaire; c) quality questionnaire Pittsburgh Sleep; and d) of Epworth Sleepiness Scale. The subjects of both swimming exercise intervention groups participated in this activity for 10 weeks, on non-consecutive days, with three weekly sessions of 60 minutes each session. Prescription of exercise swimming was performed using the anaerobic threshold (LAN) 1 and 2 determined indirectly by calculation based on individual time for performing 50, 100 and 200 meters in crawl and backstroke. These groups underwent the volume of the swimming crawl and backstroke into the heart rate zone corresponding to the LAN 1 and 2. It can be concluded that the military police had high levels of physical activity and bad sleep quality, although not identified significant associations between these variables. It can also conclude that the police officers who work mainly in the administrative are more likely to be less active when compared to the policemen operating predominantly in operational services. It can also conclude that physical exercise program of highintensity swimming contributed to significant reductions in quality score cops sleep. / Esta pesquisa foi realizada a partir de dois objetivos básicos que buscaram contemplar as etapas descritiva e experimental: a) verificar as associações entre nível de atividade física, qualidade do sono, sonolência diurna excessiva e características demográficas de policiais militares da Grande Florianópolis da Polícia Militar do Estado de Santa Catarina; b) analisar os efeitos do exercício aeróbio de natação sobre a qualidade do sono e sonolência diurna excessiva de policiais militares da Grande Florianópolis da Polícia Militar do Estado de Santa Catarina. A população foi caracterizada pelos policiais militares que atuavam na região da Grande Florianópolis, perfazendo um total de 975 sujeitos (N). A amostra do estudo descritivo foi composta por disponibilidade entre os policiais militares que respeitaram os critérios de inclusão e exclusão, perfazendo um total de 438 sujeitos (n1) e a amostra do estudo semiexperimental foi obtida com divisão dos sujeitos em dois grupos de intervenção de exercício físico de natação de acordo com a intensidade (moderada versus alta) e um grupo controle, todos compostos por nove sujeitos em cada um deles (n2=27). Foram adotados os seguintes instrumentos: a) ficha de avaliação sobre dados sociodemográficos e antropométricos; b) questionário de atividade física; c) questionário de qualidade do sono de Pittsburgh; e d) escala de Sonolência de Epworth. Os sujeitos de ambos os grupos da intervenção de exercício físico de natação participaram desta atividade durante 10 semanas, em dias não consecutivos, com três sessões semanais, de 60 minutos cada sessão. A prescrição do exercício físico de natação foi efetuada utilizando-se o limiar anaeróbio (LAN) 1 e 2 determinado de maneira indireta através do cálculo baseado no tempo individual para a realização de 50, 100 e 200 metros nos estilos crawl e costas. Esses grupos realizaram o volume de nado no estilo crawl e costas dentro da zona de frequência cardíaca correspondente ao LAN 1 e 2. Pode-se concluir que os policiais militares apresentaram alto nível de atividade física e qualidade do sono ruim, apesar de não serem identificadas associações significantes entre estas variáveis. Pode-se concluir também que os policiais militares que atuam predominantemente no administrativo apresentam maior probabilidade de serem menos ativos quando comparados aos policiais que atuam predominantemente em serviços operacionais. Pode-se concluir ainda que o programa de exercício físico de natação de alta intensidade contribuiu para reduções significativas no índice de qualidade do sono de policiais.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-06T17:07:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Whyllerton Mayron da Cruz.pdf: 2475584 bytes, checksum: 94caab77ef4d07b9876374b0e66479ea (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-08-10 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The study aimed to investigate stress and recovery in high performance soccer athletes in different circumstances during the beginning of the season. The current field work is characterized as an evaluative, descriptive single-subject design, ex-post-facto. Twelve high performance male soccer athletes from a professional team from Santa Catarina State accredited to the Brazilian Soccer Confederation participated in the investigation. The athletes were intentionally selected by convenience and classified according to Brandt (2008) adapted General Characterization Questionnaire. Data were collected with the following instruments: Recovery-Stress Questionnaire RESTQ-Sports (KELLMANN & KALLUS, 2001); Mood Scale, validated by Rohlfs (2008); Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI, BUYSSE et al. 1989), validated in Brazil (KONRAD, 2005). These methods took place in three different circumstances during the training: A1: Initial evaluation Beginning of competitive season in 2009; A2: Evaluation after three weeks of training and A3: Evaluation after six weeks of training. Data were analyzed using the software SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) version 13.0, and both descriptive and inferential statistics were obtained for the analysis. Results showed that the athletes are young (17,83 years of age, ±0,57), their average height is 179,67 cm (±5,56), average weight is 71,83 kg (±6,7), and they showed a good self-evaluation of health. In all different circumstances of training, low stress and high recovery levels were seen, with significant differences in the varying fatigue (p=0,004). Mood was found appropriate for athletes considering the training schedule, emphasizing significant differences in tension (p=0,013), fatigue (p=0,016) and mental confusion (p=0,041). The scores for the sleep quality evaluation did not change and remained in a level considered good. Stress and recovery did not correlate with the variables mood and sleep quality in all three circumstances of training, what may suggest that the evaluations might be done separately. The results support the hypothesis that single-subject evaluations are more reliable than group ones when concerning athletes, mostly when considering psychological, performance and health parameters of high performance soccer players during hard training. / O estudo teve por objetivo investigar o estresse e a recuperação de atletas de futebol de alto rendimento em diferentes momentos durante o treinamento no início da temporada. Caracterizado como uma pesquisa de campo, trata-se de um estudo de caso avaliativo descritivo, ex-post-facto. Participaram desta investigação 12 atletas de futebol de alto rendimento do sexo masculino de um clube profissional do Estado de Santa Catarina credenciado a Confederação Brasileira de Futebol. Os atletas foram selecionados intencionalmente e por conveniência sendo classificados conforme os itens do questionário de caracterização geral adaptado de Brandt (2008). Para a coleta de dados foram utilizados os seguintes instrumentos: Questionário de avaliação do estresse e recuperação - RESTQ-Sports (KELLMANN e KALLUS, 2001); Instrumento de Avaliação dos Estados de Humor, validado por Hohlfs, (2006). Questionário de Avaliação da Qualidade do sono Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index PSQI (BUYSSE et al., 1989) validado para o Brasil (KONRAD, 2005). Essas medidas foram realizadas em três momentos distintos no treinamento: A1 (Avaliação Inicial) - início da temporada competitiva no ano de 2009; A2 - Avaliação após 3 semanas do início do treinamento e A3 - Avaliação após 6 semanas da realização dos treinamentos. Os dados foram tabulados e analisados no programa Statistic Package for Social Sciences SPSS versão 13.0 sendo utilizada estatística descritiva e inferencial para análise. Os resultados indicaram que os atletas são jovens (17,83 anos ±0,57), estatura (179,67 cm ±5,56) e peso médio (71,83 kg ±6,7) e possuem uma boa auto-avaliação de saúde. Apresentaram baixo estresse e alta recuperação nos diferentes momentos de treinamento com diferença significativa para a variável fadiga (p= 0,004). Os estados de humor revelaram-se dentro de um padrão adequado para atletas considerando a demanda de treinamento, destacando diferenças significativas para tensão (p=0,013), fadiga (p=0,016) e confusão mental (p=0,041). Os escores das avaliações da qualidade do sono não se alteraram e permaneceram dentro de um indicativo considerado bom. O estresse e a recuperação não se correlacionaram com as variáveis de estados de humor e com as dimensões da qualidade do sono nos três momentos distintos de treinamento, isso pode indicar que as avaliações devam ser realizadas separadamente. Estes resultados apóiam a hipótese de que avaliações individuais são mais fidedignas que avaliações de grupos de atletas, principalmente quando se consideram os fatores psicológicos, de desempenho e de saúde de atletas de futebol de alto rendimento nos períodos de intenso treinamento.

Submitted by EDUARDO PEREIRA DA SILVA (eduardoplug@gmail.com) on 2018-04-19T20:54:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação-Eduardo Versão Final.pdf: 1402968 bytes, checksum: 9ac0f4e0cb292ed83f576b710fe5d154 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Claudia Adriana Spindola null (claudia@fct.unesp.br) on 2018-04-20T11:34:33Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 silva_ep_me_prud.pdf: 1402968 bytes, checksum: 9ac0f4e0cb292ed83f576b710fe5d154 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-20T11:34:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 silva_ep_me_prud.pdf: 1402968 bytes, checksum: 9ac0f4e0cb292ed83f576b710fe5d154 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-26 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A qualidade do sono tem sido apontada como importante variável associada à manutenção da saúde e redução de despesas com serviços de saúde. No entanto, pouco se sabe sobre a relação entre qualidade do sono, alterações metabólicas e efeito da prática de atividades físicas, bem como o impacto desses fatores para os custos com saúde no âmbito do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Objetivos: Analisar a relação entre qualidade do sono e gasto com saúde de pacientes do SUS, bem como identificar se estas relações ocorrem independentemente da prática de atividades físicas e fatores associados. Métodos: A amostra foi composta por 168 adultos de ambos os sexos (52 homens [31%] e 116 mulheres [69%]) com média de idade de 63,8 ± 8,6 anos, atendidos por duas unidades básicas de saúde da cidade de Presidente Prudente/SP. A variável dependente analisada foi os gastos em saúde. Como variáveis independentes foram analisados: i) indicadores de adiposidade corporal: percentil de gordura, circunferência de cintura e índice de massa corporal; ii) variáveis hemodinâmicas: pressão arterial sistólica e diastólica, glicemia, colesterol total, lipoproteínas de alta e baixa densidade, e triglicérides; iii) qualidade do sono e iv) a prática de atividade física. Adicionalmente, foram consideradas as variáveis de ajuste: sexo, idade e condição econômica. As análises estatísticas foram realizadas com testes de Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney e Spearman. Resultados: Alterações nos padrões do sono foram positivamente correlacionados com gastos com medicamentos r= 0,213 [95%IC= 0,052- 0,363] e negativamente com gastos com exames r= -0,166 [95%IC= -0,313- -0,012] (p-valor= -0,152), mesmo após ajuste por fatores de confusão. Além disso, os gastos com serviços de saúde também foram correlacionados ao escore de atividade física (p-valor= 0,162), pressão arterial (p-valor= -0,164), e variáveis bioquímicas. Conclusão: A qualidade do sono está correlacionada com os gastos de cuidados em saúde no Sistema Único de Saúde, mesmo após ajuste do modelo por variáveis de confusão, com destaque para gastos com medicamentos e exames. / Sleep quality has been identified as an important variable related to the maintenance of health and reduction of expenses with health services. However, little is known about the relationship between sleep quality, metabolic changes and the effect of physical activity practice, as well as the impact of these factors on health costs within the Unified Health System (UHS). Objectives: To analyze the relationship between sleep quality and health expenditure of UHS patients, as well as their activities related to the practice of associated physical and physical activities. Methods: The test was performed by 168 adults of both sexes (52 men [31%] and 116 women [69%]) with mean age of 63.8 ± 8.6 years, attended by two basic health units city of Presidente Prudente/SP. A dependent variable analyzed was health spending. The measures of confidence were: i) indicators of body adiposity: fat percentile, waist circumference and body mass index; ii) hemodynamic variables: systemic and diastolic arterial hypertension, glycemia, total cholesterol, high and low density lipoproteins, and triglycerides; iii) quality of sleep and iv) a practice of physical activity. Additionally, adjustment variables were found: gender, age and economic matrix. The analyzes consist of Kruskal-Wallis, MannWhitney and Spearman tests. Results: changes in the patterns were positively correlated with drug expenditures r = 0.213 [95% CI = 0.052-0.363] and with the negative shift with exams r = -0.166 [95% CI = -0.313-0.012] (p = value = -0.152), even if adjusted for confounding factors. In addition, health expenditures were correlated to the physical activity score (p-value = 0.162), arterial measure (p-value = -0.164), and biochemical variables. Conclusion: Sleep quality correlates with health care expenditures in the Unified Health System, even with the change in the model of basic variables, with emphasis on drug and testing expenditures.

INTRODUÇÃO: Tem-se afirmado que os distúrbios do sono começam precocemente na doença do HIV. Avaliamos as características do sono e a Qualidade de Vida (QV) de mulheres portadoras de HIV/AIDS. MÉTODO: Realizado no Centro Corsini o grupo-estudo foi composto por 30 mulheres portadoras de HIV/AIDS, idade média 35,4 anos. O grupo-controle foi composto por 30 mulheres que desconheciam seu diagnóstico para HIV do Centro de Saúde 31 de Março. Instrumentos: Índice de Qualidade do Sono de Pittsburgh, Inventário de Depressão Beck, Inventário de Ansiedade Beck e HIV/AIDS-Target Quality of Life. RESULTADOS: Houve significativa diferença entre o grupo de doentes de AIDS e o grupo controle quanto à pontuação global do sono (p=0,003). Com relação a sintomas depressivos e de ansiedade, os resultados apontaram que o grupo de doentes de AIDS apresenta índices mais elevados de ansiedade e não houve diferença significativa nos sintomas de depressão. Em relação à QV não houve diferença significativa entre os grupos de mulheres sintomáticas e assintomáticas, mas as assintomáticas apresentaram mais prejuízos nos domínios de QV do que o grupo controle. CONCLUSÃO: Há prejuízo na qualidade do sono e QV das mulheres portadoras de HIV/AIDS, com presença de sintomas depressivos e de ansiedade / INTRODUCTION: Sleep disorders have allegedly been described early in the HIV infection. Both the characteristics of sleep and quality of life in women with HIV/AIDS were evaluated. METHOD: Conducted at the Corsini Center, the study group consisted of 30 women with HIV/AIDS, mean age 35.4 years, and 30 women who had no known HIV diagnoses as the control group. METHODS: The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, the Beck Depression Inventory, the Beck Anxiety Assessment and HIV/AIDS - Target Quality of Life were applied. RESULTS: There was a significant difference between the AIDS and the control groups drawn from the Center of Health \'31 de Março\', for global sleep scores (p=0.003). Concerning depressive and anxiety symptoms, findings revealed that AIDS patients presented higher levels of anxiety, but there was no significant difference in the symptoms of depression for either group. In terms of quality of life there was significant difference between symptomatic and non-symptomatic groups of women. No significant difference in QoL was seen between symptomatic and assymptomatic groups, although assymptomatic women did present greater compromise in QoL domains than controls. CONCLUSION: Compromised sleep and quality of life was observed in women infected with HIV/AIDS suffering from both depressive and anxiety symptoms

Although some studies have investigated the correlation between sleeping habits andvoice problems, it is not completely established. Yet, studies have pointed out that bothsleep quality and sleep deprivation can increase the risk for developing voice problems.In order to observe any correlation, the present study aims to investigate sleep qualityand the number of sleeping hours in relation to subjective voice problems. An internetbasedsurvey was spread mostly on social media and recruited 146 participants betweenthe ages of 20-50. The survey contained questions regarding the participantsbackground as well as questions about sleeping habits and subjective voice problems.Voice problems were revealed to correlate with both sleeping habits and subjectivevoice problems for men. However, correlation analyses did not find any connectionsbetween sleeping habits and voice problems among women or the group as a whole. Apossible cause could be the generally low occurrence of both sleeping- and voiceproblems among the participants. Hence this study did not reveal any correlations withgeneral applicability between sleeping habits and voice problems. However, it did giveindications that sleeping habits and voice problems are co-existent among men. / Även om vissa studier har undersökt om sömnvanor och röstbesvär står i relation tillvarandra är något samband inte helt fastställt. Studier har ändock pekat på att bådesömnbrist och dålig sömnkvalitet kan öka risken för att utveckla röstbesvär.Förevarande studie syftar därför till att undersöka sömnkvalitet och antal sömntimmar irelation till upplevda röstbesvär för att utröna ett eventuellt samband mellan dessafaktorer. En internetbaserad enkät spreds främst på sociala medier och svarades av 146deltagare i åldrarna 20 till 50 år. Enkäten innehöll såväl frågor rörande deltagarnasbakgrund som frågor beträffande sömnvanor och upplevda röstbesvär. Röstbesvärvisade sig korrelera med både sömnkvalitet och antal sömntimmar hos män men intehos kvinnor. Att korrelationsanalyser inte anträffade några samband mellan sömnvanoroch röstbesvär på den totala gruppen eller hos kvinnor kan tänkas bero på den generelltsett låga förekomsten av både röst- och sömnbesvär hos deltagarna. Denna studieupptäckte således inga tydliga generaliserbara samband mellan sömnvanor ochröstbesvär, men gav indikationer på att sömnvanor och röstbesvär samvarierar hos män.

This master thesis focuses on subjectively percieved quality of sleep and its connections - fatigue, daytime sleepiness and insomnia in older age. Attention is brought to psychological methods of sleep measurement in comparison with objective methods (polysomnography and actigraphy). Theoretical part is based on current scientific knowledge of sleep quality and deals with psychological factors that contribute to improvement or reduction of sleep quality in older age. In context with quality of sleep focus is aimed also at presence of insomnia in older age compared to younger age and possibilities of enhancing sleep quality. Overview of subjective and objective methods of measuring sleep quality and other sleep characteristics is part of the theoretical background. Empirical part of the thesis is divided into two sections. First section compares sleep quality, fatigue, daytime sleepiness and insomnia of younger and older adults. This research is based on following questionnaire data: PSQI (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index), FSS (Fatigue Severity Scale), ESS (Epworth Sleepiness Scale) and ISI (Insomnia Severity Index). Second section of the research verifies the validity of psychological methods of measuring sleep quality - questionnaires PSQI, FSS, ESS, ISI and sleep diaries of older adults by...