Thesis (M.A.) - Carleton University, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 148-160). Also available in electronic format on the Internet.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2009. / Title from first page of PDF file (viewed September 15, 2009). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Chicago, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 146-151).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2008. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

abstract: Following the implementation of federal immigration control measures in the 1990s, Arizona became the main point of entry for undocumented immigrants along the US border with Mexico in the early 2000s. Since then, reports have blamed human smuggling facilitators for the increase of undocumented immigration into the state and the apparent development of violent practices targeting the undocumented. However, little is known about the organization of the groups who work at facilitating the transit of undocumented immigrants along the US Mexico Border. Based on interviews and narratives present in legal files of smuggling cases prosecuted in Phoenix, Arizona, the present study provides an analysis of local human smuggling operations. It argues that far from being under the control of organized crime, smuggling is an income generating strategy of the poor that generates financial opportunities for community members in financial distress. The study, raises questions over smuggling's perceptions as violent and instead identifies smuggling-related violence as a reflection of the structural violence carried out by the state against immigrant communities through policing, surveillance and the consistent and systematic exercise of race-based policies. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. Justice Studies 2011

Denna studie har genomförts på uppdrag av Polisen i Malmö och syftar till att få en ökad förståelse för tobakens roll i den lokala organiserade brottsligheten. Med denna djupare insikt i den lokala problembilden finns även förhoppningen att kunna utveckla relevanta brottspreventiva åtgärder. Polisen i Malmö har i samverkan med andra myndigheter funnit att det finns tydliga kopplingar mellan de organiserade nätverken som styr den illegala tobakshandeln i Malmö med de som också bedriver illegala bordeller, svartklubbar och spelhallar. Dessutom tycks omsättningen av den illegala tobaksmarknaden vara enorm då efterfrågan efter billig tobak är omfattande, både nationellt och internationellt. Med detta som bakgrund har därför föreliggande studie genomfört intervjuer med en rad nyckelinformanter hos de myndigheter Polisen i Malmö samverkar med i arbetet mot den illegala tobakshandeln, samt genomfört en innehållsanalys på beslut och domar från samma myndigheter. Detta för att undersöka hur innehållet i dessa dokument kan relateras till organiserad brottslighet på lokal nivå samt strukturerna bakom hur detta sker. Resultatet för studien visar att det finns tydliga kopplingar mellan de granskade dokumenten och organiserad brottslighet, där över hälften av dessa indikerade på en medveten involvering i den illegala tobakshandeln. Detta bekräftas även av de intervjuade nyckelinformanterna samt diskuteras i ljuset av tidigare forskning. Med studiens resultat som bakgrund rekommenderas därför en fortsatt tydlig samverkan mellan myndigheterna för att få bukt med det ökande problemet med illegal tobak i Malmö, samt även för tydligare social prevention riktade mot att påverka den stora efterfrågan efter billig tobak. / In a collaboration with the Malmö police department, this study aims to gain a better understanding of the illegal tobacco trade and its connections to local organised crime. This insight will hopefully assist in developing relevant crime-prevention measures. The Malmö police department, in collaboration with other authorities, have discovered suspected connections between the organised networks that control the illegal tobacco trafficking in Malmö with those that engage in illegal brothels, clubs and gambling halls. Additionally, the turnover of the illegal tobacco market appears to be enormous, as demand for cheap tobacco is extensive both nationally and internationally. The authors have conducted interviews with informants representing the authorities that the Malmö police department cooperates with in the work against illegal tobacco trade. A content analysis of a range of documents related to illegal tobacco trade, including court verdicts, which investigates how and if they are related to local organised crime were also conducted. The result of the study shows that there are clear connections between the reviewed documents and organised crime, as over half indicated an involvement with the illegal tobacco trade. This is also confirmed by the interviewed informants and later discussed in the light of previous research. This study therefore recommends a continued collaboration between the authorities in order to overcome the increasing presence of illegal tobacco in Malmö, as well as for improved social crime prevention aimed at influencing the high demand for cheap tobacco.

Thesis advisor: Alan Rogers / Abstract: Splintered Loyalties: The Revolutionary War in Essex County, New Jersey By Gregory Francis Walsh Dissertation Director: Professor Alan Rogers "Splintered Loyalties" is a study of the people of Essex County, New Jersey and their experiences during the American Revolution. It is a careful analysis of their struggle to understand sweeping political change and their efforts to act in their community's best interest. This dissertation explores the momentous impact the Continental Congress's decision to declare independence had on Essex residents and stresses that both the British and American governments continued to fight for the hearts and minds of the people of Essex well after 1776. Relying on Essex County's military, economic, and judicial records and the public and private writings of ordinary people and their leaders, this project illustrates the waxing and waning of popular support for America's war effort between 1775 and 1783. Popular memory of the Revolution often divides the wartime population into distinct Patriot and Loyalist camps. This dissertation,however, argues that such a dichotomy recognizes neither the complexity of Patriots' and Loyalists' relationships with their wartime enemies nor the varying levels of commitment that Essex Patriots demonstrated in the war to establish a new republic. / Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2011. / Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: History.

The advent of prohibition in America in the early 1920's brought on wide-spread smuggling activity along the Canadian and Mexican borders as well as along the Atlantic coastline. Since many of the smuggling vessels sought protection from American authorities by foreign registry, the State Department initiated efforts to enable American officials to enforce prohibition without interfering with legitimate commerce. Washington concluded compromise agreements with fifteen countries that provided for American enforcement measures and suitable liquor cargo arrangements for the other signatory nations. The liquor conventions were not a final solution to the smuggling problem but they did provide for better enforcement. The agreements reinforced existing principles and represented an attempt to eliminate possible sources of friction on the international level arising out of American prohibition enforcement.

Text in English / This research is aimed at analysing the nature, extent and cause of smuggling at selected Correctional Centres in Gauteng with the aim to provide appropriate strategies to combat smuggling. Smuggling is seen as a chain of command that reflects predisposition of an organised crime. Smuggling in correctional centres is an ongoing concern. Unauthorised items that are smuggled into the correctional centres have an adverse effect into the lives of people and death is an ultimate price. The Department of Correctional Services is also experiencing a severe shortage of officials due to The Seven Days Establishment and the Occupation Specific Dispensation (OSD) policies of Centre- Based and Non-Centre- Based staff. The study shows an increase of smuggling of items such as dangerous weapons, dagga, cellular phones and sim card over a three-year period at the three Correctional Centres. Various recommendations are made to combat smuggling in correctional centres including going back to the basics of proper searching of visitors, offenders, cells and staff when entering the facilities. / Corrections Management / M.Tech. (Correctional Services Management)

Thesis (MPAM.) -- University of Limpopo, 2020 / The study explored the challenges faced by the law enforcement agencies on illicit tobacco smuggling across South Africa and Zimbabwe at the Beitbridge port of entry. Literature states that globally law enforcement agencies are faced with a huge challenge at the borders in controlling the trade of tobacco product: South Africa has no exemption on this matter. This mini-dissertation analyses the effectiveness and efficiency of law enforcement and the control of illicit trade of tobacco product at Beitbridge port of entry. The lack of operation coordination strategies and workload within law enforcement agencies were fully examined with a view to come up with appropriate measures to improve control at research area. The South African Government tobacco control policy has been in place since the early 1990’s with legislative instruments requiring mandatory health warning labels on tobacco products, banning public and underage smoking. Porous borders and corruption of officials working at the boarders are the exacerbating illicit tobacco. An explanatory qualitative method design was used in this study which helped to gather data to explain the phenomenon in more depth. The chosen study area of this research is the Beitbridge port of entry which is situated in the far North of the Limpopo Province of South Africa. A purposive sample was used in the study to select participants in the following law enforcement agencies, namely SAPS, SARS and SANDF. Improved working collaboration between SAPS, SARS and SANDF and other stakeholders will immensely benefit the society and government. The qualitative study method was done in this research. The research sample was the law enforcement officers responsible for curbing the illicit trade of tobacco product in a multidisciplinary approach at the Beitbridge border post from the three departments, which are SAPS, SARS and SANDF. The data was only collected from the South African side of Beitbridge not from Zimbabwean side. Thematic analysis was then used to analyse the findings. Permission to conduct the study was sought from relevant authorities, ethics of informed consent, confidentiality and voluntarily participation were utilised. The following themes emerged during the data analysis: access to the border and also to the policies as well as to the members of selected departments working at the Beitbridge border post. The responses from the findings were analyses based on the interview guide used to collect data. The respondents confirmed that though there are coordinated efforts to prevent, combat and detect illicit cigarettes there is a need for adequate resources like storage facilities, sniffer dogs and scanners at the border. Based on the responses received, it was concluded that there is an existence of some form of coordination of activities relating to operations at the border within the law enforcement agencies responsible for curb illicit trade.