Persuasive Design är en designtyp som syftar till att ändra attityder och beteenden hos användare. Studien handlar om vart Persuasive Design är integrerat i de sociala medieplattformarna Instagram och Snapchat. Dessutom vad användare av sociala medier känner om Persuasive Designs bakomliggande syften. Sociala medier är ett av det vanligaste kommunikationsformerna samt ett av det vanligaste verktygen i mobiltelefoner. 83% av internetanvändarna i Sverige under 2019 använder sociala medier, samtidigt anser endast en fjärdedel att tiden är meningsfull. Det anses viktigt att användare känner igen nyanser av Persuasive Design på sociala medier så att medvetenheten om övertalning ökar. En teoribaserad analys med hjälp av Foggs Behavior Model (FBM) har genomförts för att besvara hur Persuasive Design är integrerad i sociala medieplattformar. En intervjustudie har genomförts för att besvara vad användare anser om de bakomliggande syftena av Persuasive Design-element på sociala medieplattformar. Resultaten från intervjuerna visar att användare inte är medvetna om Persuasive Design-element på sociala medieplattformar samt att det påverkar användare till gränser de inte är medvetna om. Resultaten från den teoribaserade analysen har resulterat i en lista med 11 funktioner / designelement som på Instagram och Snapchat möjliggör för användare att påverkas av Persuasive Design. / Persuasive Design is a type of design that aims to change the attitudes and behaviours of users. The study addresses where Persuasive Design is integrated into the social media platforms Instagram and Snapchat. Also, what users of social media feels about Persuasive Design's underlying purposes. Social media is one of the most common forms of communication as well as one of the most common tools in mobile phones. 83% of Internet users in Sweden in 2019 use social media, at the same time only a quarter believe that time spent on social media is meaningful. It is considered important that users recognize the nuances of Persuasive Design on social media so that the awareness of persuasion increases. A theory-based analysis using the Foggs Behavior Model (FBM) has been conducted to answer how Persuasive Design is integrated into social media platforms. An interview study was conducted to answer what users feels of the underlying purposes of Persuasive Design elements on social media platforms. The results of the interviews show that users are not aware of Persuasive Design elements on social media platforms and that it is affecting users to boundaries they are not aware of. The results of the theory-based analysis have resulted in a list of 11 features / design elements that on Instagram and Snapchat allow users to be influenced by Persuasive Design.

Today's smartphones and tablets use different applications and software for all sorts of purposes: communication, entertainment, fitness, to share images with each other, to keep up to date with the news and lots of different daily tasks. With the heavy usage of all these apps, it is no wonder that it comes with a few issues. Private data is stored in large quantities both on the local device and on the app-creators' servers. It is no wonder that applications advertising user secrecy and transient storage of user data. One of these applications is Snapchat, with over 500 million downloads on Google Play store, at the time of writing. Snapchat is a communication application with the niched feature that the images and messages sent, disappear once opened or after 24 hours have passed. With the illusion of privacy behind Snapchats niche it has become a breeding ground for criminal activity. The niche itself translates to a troublesome hurdle for law enforcement trying to retrieve evidence from devices of Snapchat users. This paper is aimed to investigate these issues and perform a methodology to retrieve potential evidence on a device using Snapchat to send images and messages. By performing a physical acquisition on a test device and analyzing to find artifacts pertaining to Snapchat and the test-data that was created. The method is performed on a Samsung Galaxy S4 with Android 5.0.1 running Snapchat version 10.52.3.0. Test data such as different images and messages were created and attempted to be retrieved at three points in time. First one being right after data creation. Second one after a restart and 24 hours after the data was created. And the third with 48 hours passed and the Snapchat user logged out at the time of acquisition. The acquisition resulted in the extraction of several sent images and a full text conversation between the experimental device and another party. A full video which was uploaded by the receiving user was able to be extracted even though the experimental device never actually viewed the video. The second acquisition which was made when 24h had passed gave the same results as the first one. This meant that time at least up to a day after the initial creation of the data did not have any effect on the evidence. However, when the Snapchat user was logged out from the application, the data was then unobtainable and had disappeared. Presumably Snapchat has a function which deletes personal data about the user when logged out from the application. This function might become a hurdle in law enforcement investigations where the application Snapchat is involved.

The aim of this thesis is to look closer at the phenomena Snapchat dysmorphia and the underlying aspects of what it involves. I have done this by using Karen Barads concept of intra-action, agency and discourse together with glitch theory. Through a materialistic influenced discourse analysis of several videos of young people discussing the phenomena I have seen how discourses on femininity play a crucial part in the making and taking of selfies. I have found that young women taking lots of selfies do this as a part of a selfie making practice that is a part of a selfie culture. By deconstructing the phenomena and what parts that play a part in it I could see what the underlying features was for example discourses on femininity and ideals but also the normalization of plastic surgery and image editing on social media.

Esta pesquisa propõe-se a estudar a apropriação do aplicativo Snapchat pelo Portal UOL para produção de conteúdo jornalístico. O foco está em observar as stories, que são narrativas criadas a partir de fragmentos de até 10 segundos que desaparecem após 24 horas, produzidas pelo perfil do UOL. Para isso, selecionamos as stories que foram produzidas sobre política e republicados no site TV UOL, totalizando 28 vídeos com 657 fragmentos, chamados de snaps. A análise empírica foi dividida em duas etapas: uma de caráter quantitativo, que busca observar a ocorrência de elementos previamente mapeados nos snaps; e outra qualitativa, cujo olhar recai sobre como esses snaps são estruturados para criar as stories. Como resultados, apontamos elementos frequentes, como o uso de snaps nativos e a preferência por vídeos frente a outros formatos multimídia, como fotos, textos e áudios. Também observamos que as stories não seguem um padrão e aliam formatos narrativos diferentes, como cobertura do local dos fatos, entrevistas e bastidores. / This research proposes to study the appropriation of the Snapchat application through the UOL Portal for the production of journalistic content. The focus is on watching stories, which are narratives created from fragments of up to 10 seconds that disappear after 24 hours, produced by the UOL profile. For that, we selected the stories that were produced on politics and republished on the site TV UOL, totaling 28 videos with 657 fragments, called snaps. The empirical analysis was divided in two stages: one of quantitative character, which seeks to observe the occurrence of previously mapped elements in the snaps; and another qualitative, whose look falls on how these snaps are structured to create the stories. As results, we point out frequent elements such as the use of native snaps and the preference for videos versus other multimedia formats such as photos, texts and audios. We also note that stories do not follow a pattern and link different narrative formats, such as spot coverage, interviews, and backstage.

Esta dissertação tem como objetivo compreender como se dá a construção e o consumo de narrativas efêmeras do cotidiano nas Histórias do Snapchat e Instagram. São levantos no referencial teórico aspectos técnicos de ambos serviços de rede social, principais propriedades, assim como seus usos e apropriações. Em um segundo momento, são trazidas questões pertinentes à esfera do cotidiano, como sua constituição e a relação do sujeito com o mundo. A seguir, tem-se a construção e a recepção de narrativas, que inclui uma breve abordagem das narrativas de si e da construção identitária na internet. A investigação empírica é desencadeada por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas, em que, através da técnica da bola de neve, foram identificados e selecionados dez sujeitos que fazem uso intenso das Histórias. A partir da análise dos dados, evidencia-se cinco características básicas que permeiam toda a construção e o consumo de narrativas nas Histórias: o caráter cotidiano, a efemeridade, o aspecto imagético, o caráter dialógico e o entretenimento. Em termos gerais, processo de construção e consumo de narrativas nas Histórias tanto do Snapchat e do Instagram se dá em uma relação entrelaçada com a esfera cotidiana. Em função dessa relação e das características citadas, detectou-se um tensionamento entre o apelo à espontaneidade e a constante gestão de narrativas nas Histórias. / This dissertation aims to understand how the construction and consumption of ephemeral narratives of daily life occur on Snapchat and Instagram Stories. There are technical aspects of both social network services, main properties, as well as their uses and appropriations. In a second moment, pertinent questions are brought to the sphere of the quotidian, as its constitution and the relation of the subject with the world. Next, there is the construction and reception of narratives, which includes a brief approach to narratives of self and identity construction on the internet. The empirical investigation is triggered by means of semi-structured interviews, in which, through the technique of the snowball, ten subjects that make intensive use of the Stories are identified and selected. From the analysis of the data, five basic characteristics that permeate the construction and consumption of narratives in the Stories are revealed: daily character, ephemerality, imagery, dialogical character and entertainment. In general terms, the process of constructing and consuming narratives in both Snapchat and Instagram Stories take place in an intertwined relationship with the quotidian sphere. Due to this relationship and the mentioned characteristics, it finds a tension between the call to spontaneity and the constant management of narratives in the Stories.

Esta dissertação tem como objetivo compreender como se dá a construção e o consumo de narrativas efêmeras do cotidiano nas Histórias do Snapchat e Instagram. São levantos no referencial teórico aspectos técnicos de ambos serviços de rede social, principais propriedades, assim como seus usos e apropriações. Em um segundo momento, são trazidas questões pertinentes à esfera do cotidiano, como sua constituição e a relação do sujeito com o mundo. A seguir, tem-se a construção e a recepção de narrativas, que inclui uma breve abordagem das narrativas de si e da construção identitária na internet. A investigação empírica é desencadeada por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas, em que, através da técnica da bola de neve, foram identificados e selecionados dez sujeitos que fazem uso intenso das Histórias. A partir da análise dos dados, evidencia-se cinco características básicas que permeiam toda a construção e o consumo de narrativas nas Histórias: o caráter cotidiano, a efemeridade, o aspecto imagético, o caráter dialógico e o entretenimento. Em termos gerais, processo de construção e consumo de narrativas nas Histórias tanto do Snapchat e do Instagram se dá em uma relação entrelaçada com a esfera cotidiana. Em função dessa relação e das características citadas, detectou-se um tensionamento entre o apelo à espontaneidade e a constante gestão de narrativas nas Histórias. / This dissertation aims to understand how the construction and consumption of ephemeral narratives of daily life occur on Snapchat and Instagram Stories. There are technical aspects of both social network services, main properties, as well as their uses and appropriations. In a second moment, pertinent questions are brought to the sphere of the quotidian, as its constitution and the relation of the subject with the world. Next, there is the construction and reception of narratives, which includes a brief approach to narratives of self and identity construction on the internet. The empirical investigation is triggered by means of semi-structured interviews, in which, through the technique of the snowball, ten subjects that make intensive use of the Stories are identified and selected. From the analysis of the data, five basic characteristics that permeate the construction and consumption of narratives in the Stories are revealed: daily character, ephemerality, imagery, dialogical character and entertainment. In general terms, the process of constructing and consuming narratives in both Snapchat and Instagram Stories take place in an intertwined relationship with the quotidian sphere. Due to this relationship and the mentioned characteristics, it finds a tension between the call to spontaneity and the constant management of narratives in the Stories.

Esta pesquisa propõe-se a estudar a apropriação do aplicativo Snapchat pelo Portal UOL para produção de conteúdo jornalístico. O foco está em observar as stories, que são narrativas criadas a partir de fragmentos de até 10 segundos que desaparecem após 24 horas, produzidas pelo perfil do UOL. Para isso, selecionamos as stories que foram produzidas sobre política e republicados no site TV UOL, totalizando 28 vídeos com 657 fragmentos, chamados de snaps. A análise empírica foi dividida em duas etapas: uma de caráter quantitativo, que busca observar a ocorrência de elementos previamente mapeados nos snaps; e outra qualitativa, cujo olhar recai sobre como esses snaps são estruturados para criar as stories. Como resultados, apontamos elementos frequentes, como o uso de snaps nativos e a preferência por vídeos frente a outros formatos multimídia, como fotos, textos e áudios. Também observamos que as stories não seguem um padrão e aliam formatos narrativos diferentes, como cobertura do local dos fatos, entrevistas e bastidores. / This research proposes to study the appropriation of the Snapchat application through the UOL Portal for the production of journalistic content. The focus is on watching stories, which are narratives created from fragments of up to 10 seconds that disappear after 24 hours, produced by the UOL profile. For that, we selected the stories that were produced on politics and republished on the site TV UOL, totaling 28 videos with 657 fragments, called snaps. The empirical analysis was divided in two stages: one of quantitative character, which seeks to observe the occurrence of previously mapped elements in the snaps; and another qualitative, whose look falls on how these snaps are structured to create the stories. As results, we point out frequent elements such as the use of native snaps and the preference for videos versus other multimedia formats such as photos, texts and audios. We also note that stories do not follow a pattern and link different narrative formats, such as spot coverage, interviews, and backstage.

Esta dissertação tem como objetivo compreender como se dá a construção e o consumo de narrativas efêmeras do cotidiano nas Histórias do Snapchat e Instagram. São levantos no referencial teórico aspectos técnicos de ambos serviços de rede social, principais propriedades, assim como seus usos e apropriações. Em um segundo momento, são trazidas questões pertinentes à esfera do cotidiano, como sua constituição e a relação do sujeito com o mundo. A seguir, tem-se a construção e a recepção de narrativas, que inclui uma breve abordagem das narrativas de si e da construção identitária na internet. A investigação empírica é desencadeada por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas, em que, através da técnica da bola de neve, foram identificados e selecionados dez sujeitos que fazem uso intenso das Histórias. A partir da análise dos dados, evidencia-se cinco características básicas que permeiam toda a construção e o consumo de narrativas nas Histórias: o caráter cotidiano, a efemeridade, o aspecto imagético, o caráter dialógico e o entretenimento. Em termos gerais, processo de construção e consumo de narrativas nas Histórias tanto do Snapchat e do Instagram se dá em uma relação entrelaçada com a esfera cotidiana. Em função dessa relação e das características citadas, detectou-se um tensionamento entre o apelo à espontaneidade e a constante gestão de narrativas nas Histórias. / This dissertation aims to understand how the construction and consumption of ephemeral narratives of daily life occur on Snapchat and Instagram Stories. There are technical aspects of both social network services, main properties, as well as their uses and appropriations. In a second moment, pertinent questions are brought to the sphere of the quotidian, as its constitution and the relation of the subject with the world. Next, there is the construction and reception of narratives, which includes a brief approach to narratives of self and identity construction on the internet. The empirical investigation is triggered by means of semi-structured interviews, in which, through the technique of the snowball, ten subjects that make intensive use of the Stories are identified and selected. From the analysis of the data, five basic characteristics that permeate the construction and consumption of narratives in the Stories are revealed: daily character, ephemerality, imagery, dialogical character and entertainment. In general terms, the process of constructing and consuming narratives in both Snapchat and Instagram Stories take place in an intertwined relationship with the quotidian sphere. Due to this relationship and the mentioned characteristics, it finds a tension between the call to spontaneity and the constant management of narratives in the Stories.

Esta pesquisa propõe-se a estudar a apropriação do aplicativo Snapchat pelo Portal UOL para produção de conteúdo jornalístico. O foco está em observar as stories, que são narrativas criadas a partir de fragmentos de até 10 segundos que desaparecem após 24 horas, produzidas pelo perfil do UOL. Para isso, selecionamos as stories que foram produzidas sobre política e republicados no site TV UOL, totalizando 28 vídeos com 657 fragmentos, chamados de snaps. A análise empírica foi dividida em duas etapas: uma de caráter quantitativo, que busca observar a ocorrência de elementos previamente mapeados nos snaps; e outra qualitativa, cujo olhar recai sobre como esses snaps são estruturados para criar as stories. Como resultados, apontamos elementos frequentes, como o uso de snaps nativos e a preferência por vídeos frente a outros formatos multimídia, como fotos, textos e áudios. Também observamos que as stories não seguem um padrão e aliam formatos narrativos diferentes, como cobertura do local dos fatos, entrevistas e bastidores. / This research proposes to study the appropriation of the Snapchat application through the UOL Portal for the production of journalistic content. The focus is on watching stories, which are narratives created from fragments of up to 10 seconds that disappear after 24 hours, produced by the UOL profile. For that, we selected the stories that were produced on politics and republished on the site TV UOL, totaling 28 videos with 657 fragments, called snaps. The empirical analysis was divided in two stages: one of quantitative character, which seeks to observe the occurrence of previously mapped elements in the snaps; and another qualitative, whose look falls on how these snaps are structured to create the stories. As results, we point out frequent elements such as the use of native snaps and the preference for videos versus other multimedia formats such as photos, texts and audios. We also note that stories do not follow a pattern and link different narrative formats, such as spot coverage, interviews, and backstage.

Instagram och Snapchat är två av de sociala medier som ungdomar mellan 16-25 år använder mest. Till en början var dessa medier endast avsedda som sociala plattformar där privatpersoner kunde dela information med varandra men används även idag av företag vid marknadsföring. Att företag känner till sin målgrupp och försöker förstå var och vilket innehåll de bör publicera på sociala medier är givetvis viktigt men också problematiskt. I och med att ungdomar utsätts för stora mängder marknadsföring från olika företag, finns en problematik hos företag gällande att försöka möta och förstå sin marknadsmålgrupp samt vilken typ av marknadsföring som uppskattas eller inte uppskattas. Syftet med undersökningen är att identifiera och analysera ungdomars uppfattningar om marknadsföring och företag på Instagram och Snapchat. Utifrån undersökningens respondenters åsikter och användning av medierna, ska även marknadsförings- och företagspotential på Instagram och Snapchat belysas och jämföras. Datainsamling till denna kvantitativa undersökning har skett både via litteraturstudier samt via en enkätstudie som har fyllts i av 151 personer som är mellan 16-25 år. Några av uppsatsens resultat samt slutsatser presenteras nedan: Både Instagram och Snapchat är likvärdigt i frågan gällande vilket socialt medium som respondenterna använder mest samt vilket medium som respondenterna upplever som roligast/mest underhållande. Instagram används främst i underhållande syfte där det bakomliggande behovet hos användaren är just underhållning och tidsfördriv där upptäckter av nya användare och konton inte ses som något problem. Slutsatser kan dras kring att Instagram är ett öppnare socialt medium jämfört med Snapchat. Snapchat används främst vid kommunikationsbehov där chatten används till att kommunicera med ett syfte att snabbt dela information mellan personer som känner varandra på ett privat plan. Slutsatser kan dras kring att Snapchat upplevs vara ett mer privat och stängt socialt medium jämfört med Instagram. Vilket medium som har bäst förutsättningar för marknadsföring till en ung målgrupp lämnas osagt. Detta för att olika typer av företag kan passa bra eller mindre bra i de två olika medierna. Denna slutsats grundas i att mediernas passform för företag påverkas av företagets målgrupp, position på marknaden, företagets mål samt motiv till användning och marknadsföring på sociala medier och även utifrån den eller de produkter som ska säljas.