The first South African democratic general election of 1994 precipitated the eradication of South Africa’s separate and unequal education system. The presidential tenure of Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela brought much hope that the majority of South Africans would not have thought possible. The new era carried, among other promises, the transformation of South African policies, to ensure that all South African children would have access to a school of their choice and that no child would be turned away from school on grounds of race, ethnicity, class and/ or religion. School desegregation has been one of the means of attaining social cohesion and ensuring that all learners have access to all South African schools. School desegregation can be said to have been taking place on at least five (5) or more (taking also to consideration that there are typologies of ethnic and/ or religion desegregations taking place) different levels or typologies. These typologies are equally important as the African-to-White school migrations that have been taking place in South Africa. Thus, using a case study, this thesis - Integration and learners' feelings of belonging in a desegregated former House of Delegates school - contributes to the debates on social cohesion; desegregation and integration of the learning environment bestowed with diverse learner and teacher populations. It however traces the experiences of Black and Indian learners in a desegregated former House of Delegates school to determine the successes and possible challenges of ensuring social cohesion and racial integration at a school level. The study concludes that social cohesion and school integration is possible when the focus is learner-centered, the school environment is enabling and that feelings of belonging and integration are intertwined and it is challenging to achieve one without the other. Undertaken at a specific school context, this study does not claim that the findings are a trend in other schools although this cannot be ruled out in similar school and context. Learners in this study seemed not to be constrained by the racial classifications but defined and formed friendships along their likes, commonness, and future aspirations. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2009. / Educational Psychology / unrestricted

The purpose of this essay is to highlight the importance of public meeting places for people's sense of social well-being and security, and thereby social cohesion. The purpose and issues of the thesis have been developed in consultation with Halmstad municipality, with the aim that the study will serve as a basis for the municipality in their urban development project regarding the area Larsfrid and Vilhelmsfält. The idea is that a more mixed development that offers both housing and meeting places will be developed. In an increasingly globalized world where both diversity and individualism become a larger part of the society we live in, the risk of segregation and polarizations between different groups increases. Creating public places where people with different backgrounds have the opportunity to meet and make valuable exchanges of experiences opens up for a social rotation and a stronger community, which in turn promotes social cohesion. The study's approach has followed a hermeneutic methodology where we have conducted qualitative interviews with four women and four men in close areas to Larsfrid and Vilhelmsfält. Our results have been analyzed based on our chosen theories, Randall Collins' theory of Interaction Rituals Chains, Thomas Scheff's theory of Social Bond and Rolf Lidskog's theory of social order. Through theoretical connections and our own interpretations of our material, we found that the majority of our respondents feel that public meeting places where other people circulate are an important component for them to experience both social well-being and security. Furthermore, based on our material, we can conclude that public meeting places have a beneficial effect on social cohesion.

In this thesis project, the phenomenon of news media representation of punitivism has been researched through a methodology of a socio-semiotic discourse analysis framed within a theoretical structure of Durkheimianism and news value components. Articles concerning MetroXpress’ representation of criminal deviance and punishment were located through a buzzwords search within the newspaper’s online data archives. The search granted a total of 702 word-occurrences appearing in 216 separate news articles. The discourse analysis seperated these articles into the five sub-discourses of “Blurbs”, “Verdicts”, “Spectacle”, “Single Agent Focus” and “Cultural Context”. The distribution of articles pertaining to specific sub-discourses were distributed such that the highest concentration of articles was present in the “Blurbs” discourse, closely followed by “Verdicts”, placing “Single Agent Focus” and “Spectacle” in the middle, while the “Cultural Context” discourse was made up of the fewest articles. The methodology granted insight into functional punishment and MetroXpress’ representation of criminal deviance, revealing the newspaper’s discourse to be one of situated timeliness which positively promoted judicial-systemic activity. Presenting an anti-Durkheimian conception of deviance in relation to its supposed manifestation in any society, the newspaper presents the phenomenon as defeatable by the judicial system. In this regard, MetroXpress has positioned itself as the mouthpiece of the justice system, in such a manner that they function as a legitimizing force for the punitive system. Beyond the hierarchy of eliteness which permeates the discourse, a normalization of the conception of criminal deviants as dysfunctional obstacles who prohibit organic social cohesiveness is another facet of the discourse. Consequently, a primary focal point within the narratives center on the functional relationship between the deviant individual, systemic representatives and their relation to social cohesiveness.

This thesis explores the role of context-specific peace education initiatives in promoting social cohesion in the Western Cape, South Africa, with an emphasis on drawing lessons from the philosophy of Ubuntu. Against the backdrop of South Africa's colonial, apartheid and post-apartheid historical and social significance, including issues of social cohesion, the study addresses the country's complex socio-political dynamics and ongoing challenges in fostering unity and inclusivity. By applying the Social Capital Theory, which highlights the importance of social networks, trust, reciprocity, shared norms and values, as well as collective action in achieving shared goals and cooperation, this study explores how context-specific peace education initiatives can be customized to local contexts and their potential to promote positive social change. With a focus on the Western Cape province, characterised by high levels of violence and socio-economic disparities, this research delves into peace education initiatives to comprehend their adaptation to local circumstances and their capacity to drive constructive social transformation. The findings underscore the significance of relationships, social networks, and individuals with strong social capital in building positive peace and fostering social cohesion. Creating inclusive spaces for dialogue through storytelling, art, music, and other means emerges as a key finding. These spaces provide opportunities for people to come together, share their experiences, and engage in difficult conversations. The research also emphasizes the role of young people and their active engagement in civic participation as crucial for the success of peace education initiatives. By valuing and incorporating local wisdom, traditions, and practices such as Ubuntu, peace education initiatives can better address the specific needs and challenges of the Western Cape. The study recommends further research on the integration of gender-sensitive and intersectional approaches. Understanding and addressing gender-related factors are essential for promoting inclusivity and equality within peace education programs.

付記する学位プログラム名: 霊長類学・ワイルドライフサイエンス・リーディング大学院 / 京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(理学) / 甲第24828号 / 理博第4977号 / 新制||理||1710(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院理学研究科生物科学専攻 / (主査)准教授 山本, 真也, 教授 平田, 聡, 教授 村山, 美穂 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Science / Kyoto University / DGAM

Well-being is the ultimate goal of social protection that integrates both material and social aspects. Most studies focus on material dimensions, and little attention has been given to the social aspects of well-being. Further, outputs are commonly used to assess the effectiveness of social protection, while insufficient attention has been given to the outcomes and process evaluation. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of social protection in ensuring well-being, comprising human development and social cohesion. It adopts a result-oriented framework that considers both outcome and process evaluation. The study follows sequential mixed methods for assessing the effectiveness of social protection programmes. Using a secondary dataset of six developing countries (including Bangladesh) from 2002 to 2019 and employing a pooled OLS model, this study shows that social protection expenditure increases the primary (education) completion rate and reduces the child (under 5) mortality rate in developing countries. It also reveals that the effect of social protection on education and health outcomes improves with governance efficacy and operational competency. Using primary data collected through a quantitative survey (n=400) from four districts of Bangladesh and employing the OLR model, this study shows that social protection benefits positively affect informal and formal networks and institutional trust and norms of behaviour. It also reveals that the educational status of beneficiaries can mediate informal and formal networks, interpersonal trust, and norms of reciprocity. The process evaluation has done through 24 in-depth qualitative interviews with key stakeholders. By using content analysis, this study recognises five "governance" and six "operational" issues that can limit the effectiveness of social protection programmes. It also proposes a model for the effective functioning of social protection programmes based on empirical findings and justified by prevailing literature. The study shows how effectively programmes are executed and how programmes can be improved to achieve the goal. These findings have significant implications for enhancing the development effectiveness of social protection programmes. The policy directions can assist policymakers and development partners in taking suitable policies to ensure the well-being of the poor and vulnerable people of developing countries. / Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh research grants, National Academy for Planning and Development (NAPD)

No description available.

The concept of community cohesion is the centrepiece of the policy that was formulated by the British government in response to the urban disturbances in northern English towns during 2001. A number of official reports identified lack of community cohesion as the critical factor. The central argument for community cohesion, the self-segregation thesis, was based on evidence from Bradford. The core idea, parallel lives, was first articulated in the Ouseley Report and incorporated into the Cantle Report and subsequent government reports into the 2001 disturbances. The Commission for Integration and Cohesion widened the concept of community cohesion, which encompassed faith and ethnic groups, to include income and generation, suggesting that the concept was more complex than earlier definitions allowed. However, the increasing concern with terrorism has meant that Muslims remain the focus of debates on cohesion, and a conflation of the community cohesion programme with the government's anti-terrorism strategy is evident in the policy literature. Samad's article is based on research carried out in Bradford to unearth and explore the factors that enhance or undermine community cohesion in those areas where there are established Muslim communities and, additionally, those in which Muslim migrants have recently arrived. It scrutinizes the debate on a number of issues: the difficulties in defining and implementing community cohesion policy, and the issues of segregation, social capital, transnationalism and belonging. This data-driven analysis takes the main areas of debate and tests them with evidence from Bradford. The research findings challenge some of the fundamental assumptions that have informed government policy by providing new evidence that throws light on central aspects of the debate. The need to reflect on these assumptions became more relevant after the English riots of 2011, centred in London, and the subsequent necessity to develop an effective strategy that engages with their root causes.

Title: Changing of social cohesion through courses in nature Aims: Aim of the study is to provide a comprehensive perspective on the topic of changes of the social cohesion of groups after the course activities in nature. Methods: Methods used in the work are text analysis with secondary data analysis. Results: An analysis of available sources revealed that the odds of outdoor activities have a positive effect on the development of social cohesion among work groups as well as groups of adolescents and sports teams. The work also deals other benefits of outdoor activities courses. Key words: social cohesion, team building, outdoor education, sociometry, group, team

Masters in Public Administration - MPA / The research seeks to investigate processes and structures presently in Khayelitsha so as to ascertain whether they are operating, in such a manner that sporting people and government can rely on them to strike the balance needed, to reach a scenario where all the citizens of the country are afforded equal opportunities in sport. The White Paper (Revised: 2007) mentions the establishment of the Strategic, Monitoring and Evaluation Directorate to ensure focus remains on track with the latest development in sporting fraternity and that this is aligned with government priorities. However better resources are still handed out to advantaged communities. South African society has achieved somewhat miraculously, a stable democracy since the elections of 1994, but this new democracy has to realize that liberation comes with an added burden of responsibility. Hence communities and especially previously disadvantaged communities, need to even work harder to ensure social and an acceptable degree of economic transformation. The culture of entitlement needs to be discouraged in black townships. The Constitution, Provincial and Local policies allow for efficient sport management as sport is critical for development to take place. Sport is the most important vehicle to deepen democracy and bring about genuine transformation in society, forging unity of purpose at grassroots level so as to achieve same purpose and direction. Khayelitsha (as most of the black townships) has been hit by a wave of crime, drug abuse, alcohol abuse and gangsterism caused by the inactivity of youth. Sport can act as a catalyst to minimise tensions and maximise peace and harmony. This research focused on the efficacy of sport management processes and structures in Khayelitsha. It examined issues of provisioning, accessibility and maintenance of sport facilities in order to guarantee mass participation and infinite activism in sport. / South Africa