The Internet of Things (IoT) has been acknowledged as one of the most innovative forms of technology since the computer, because of the influence it can have on multiple sectors of physical and virtual environments. The growth of IoT is expected to continue, by 2020 the number of connected devices is estimated to reach 50 billion. Recent developments in IoT provide an unprecedented opportunity for personalised services and other benefits. To exploit these potential benefits as best as possible, individuals are willing to provide their personal information despite potential privacy breaches. Therefore, this paper examines factors that influence the willingness to disclose personal information in the use of IoT in South Africa (SA) with the use of the privacy calculus as the theoretical underpinnings of this research. The privacy calculus accentuates that a risk-benefit trade off occurs when an individual decides to disclose their personal information, however, it is assumed that there are more factors than perceived risks and perceived benefits that influence information disclosure. After analysing previous literature, this study identified the following factors; information sensitivity, privacy concerns, social influence, perceived benefits, (perceived) privacy risks and privacy knowledge as possible key tenants in relation to willingness to disclose personal information. This research took on an objective ontological view, with the underlying epistemological stance being positivistic. The research incorporated a deductive approach, employing the use of a conceptual model which was constructed from a combination of studies orientated around privacy, the privacy calculus and the privacy paradox. Data for this research was collected using the quantitative research approach, through the use of an anonymous online questionnaire, where the targeted population was narrowed down to the general public residing within SA that make use of IoT devices and/or services. Data was collected using Qualtrics and analysed using SmartPLS 3. SmartPLS 3 was used to test for correlations between the factors which influence information disclosure in the use of IoT by utilising the complete bootstrapping method. A key finding was that the privacy paradox is apparent within SA, where individuals pursue enjoyment and predominantly use IoT for leisure purposes, while individuals are more likely to adopt self-withdrawal tendencies when faced with heightened privacy concerns or potential risks.

Actualmente la gastronomía en el Perú cumple un rol importante para los consumidores, pero con la expansión de las redes sociales, muchos de los consumidores se dejan llevar por recomendaciónes que ven en estos medios.Inclusive, muchos de los lugares a donde los consumidores van a comer esperan poder leer algún comentario positivo previo antes de ir a arriesgarse e ir al restaurante. Debido a este crecimiento de interés por el mundo culinario, empezaron a surgir otro tipo de personas influyentes dedicados únicamente a este género, denominados como Food Bloggers. Así mismo empezaron a surgir un nuevo concepto de restaurantes sobre ruedas, denominados food trucks que se basa en brindar la calidad que podrias esperar de un restaurante con la rapidez de un local de comida rápida. Conforme han pasado los años los food trucks han ido tomando territorio dentro del mundo gastronómico en Lima, siendo atractivos para los comensales. Es por esto que el objetivo de este estudio es evaluar cómo las recomendaciones en redes sociales de los food bloggers pueden originar una intención de compra para los food trucks. La Intención de Compra será la variable dependiente mientras que las Recomendacións de los Food Bloggers será la variable independiente. Se aplicará un cuestionario online de manera aleatoria donde se obtengan 250 respuestas entre hombres y mujeres que sigan a algún Food Blogger y residan en Lima Metropolitana, utilizando como medición una escala de Likert (1-5) y luego para comprobar las hipótesis se analizará mediante el programa informático Smart PLS. / Currently, Peru´s gastronomy fulfills a very important role for consumers, nonetheless with the latest expansion of social media, a vast majority of consumers are influenced by recommendations or reviews that they see in multiple social media channel. Before even heading into any given establishment, consumers hope to read or research for positive reviews and try new offerings. Due to the expansion and growing interest of the culinary world, a new type of influencers with a sole focus on this industry started to arise, currently known as ¨Food Bloggers¨. Conversely, a new concept of restaurants on “wheels” was born, known as food trucks, where the business model focuses on bringing brick and mortar quality at as fast speed. As the years passed by, food trucks have been gaining market share and territory inside Lima´s gastronomic world, becoming consumer´s favorite go-to alternative. The objective of this study is to evaluate how blogger´s recommendations in social media platforms can lead to a consumer´s purchase intention on food trucks. The purchase intention will act as the dependent variable, while food blogger´s recommendations will act as the independent variable. An online questionnaire will be applied randomly, where 250 answers will be obtained belonging to male and female individuals that follow any Food Blogger in social media and live in Metropolitan Lima, using as a measurement the Likert Scale (1-5). In order to proof the hypothesis, an analysis though Smart PSL informatic software will be performed. / Trabajo de investigación

Despite many international and local attempts to end the practice of FGM/C, this practice continues to flourish in Nigeria and thus has a negative impact on the lives of girls and women on a daily basis. Furthermore, female genital mutilation is a serious form of violence against girls, women, and children that must be abolished worldwide. This study primarily sought to understand the sociocultural factors that influence the mothers' attitudes towards the continuation of FGM/C in Nigeria. The study used the theory of planned behaviour developed by Ajzen which proposes three distinct constructs as drivers of intention. This theory was deemed to be suitable for the study since sociocultural factors that contribute to the continuation of FGM in relation to mothers’ attitudes toward the practice can be interpreted or linked to the determinants of intention. In addition, this study used secondary data analysis and relied largely on reliable secondary sources.

The ability to solve problems creatively has been crucial for the adaptation and survival of humans throughout history. In many real–life situations, cognitive processes are not isolated. Humans are social, they communicate and form groups to solve daily problems and make decisions. Therefore, the final output of cognitive processes can come from multi–brains in groups rather than an individual one. This multi–brain output can be largely different from the output that an individual person produces in isolation. As a result, it is essential to include team–level processes in cognitive models to make a more accurate description of real– world cognitive processes in general and problem solving in particular. This research aims to answer the general question of how working in a team affects creative problem solving. For doing that, first, we propose a computational model for multi-agent creative problem solving. Then, we show how the model can be used to study the factors that are involved in creativity in teams and potentially will suggest answers to questions such as, ‘how team size is related to creativity’.

Tonåringar och unga vuxna befinner sig i ett ständigt sökande efter sig själva, med en önskan om att få passa in och en längtan efter villkorslös kärlek. Den eviga tron på att vara odödlig och ett inte alltid utvecklat konsekvenstänk, gör ungdomen sårbar och riskbeteendena kan därför bli många. I dagens samhälle florerar mängder av normer och förväntningar som påverkar ungdomar. Att på egen hand navigera och kritiskt granska omvärlden är svårt för både tonåringar och unga vuxna i allmänhet, men för de som inte fått med sig rätt verktyg och kunskaper i synnerhet, blir omgivningen ibland svårtolkad. Syftet med denna kvalitativa intervjustudie var att studera vilka typiska sexuella problem som är mest framträdande bland tonåringar och unga vuxna idag, samt att undersöka huruvida dessa problem är en konsekvens av negativ social påverkan. Med en socialpsykologisk ansats studerades detta genom teorier om social påverkan, sociala normer, konformitet och sexuella script. Tio semistrukturerade intervjuer med barnmorskor och kuratorer på ungdomsmottagningar samt skolsköterskor på gymnasium och högstadieskolor genomfördes. Resultaten visar att destruktiva sexuella normer leder till både psykiska och fysiska sexuella problem och kan vara en konsekvens av såväl enbristande sexualundervisning, en inte tillräckligt närvarande vuxenvärld, sociala medier och pornografi. / Adolescents and young adults are in a constant search for themselves, with a desire to fit in and a longing for unconditional love. The eternal belief in beeing immortal and ignoring consequences make young people vulnerable and exposed to various types of risk behaviors. In society today, a multitude of different norms abound affecting youth. For adolescents and young adults who have not yet acquired the right tools or knowledge, the environment becomes all the more difficult to interpret. The purpose of this qualitative interview study was to investigatewhich typical sexual problems are most prominent among teenagers and young adults today, and to investigate whether these problems may be a consequence of negative social impact.With a social psychological approach, this is studied through theories of social influence, social norms, conformity and sexual scripts. Ten semi-structured interviews with midwives and councilors at youth clinics as well as school nurses at junior high schools and high schools were conducted. The results show that destructive sexual norms lead to both mental and physical sexual problems and can be a consequence of both a lack of sex education, an insufficiently present adult world, social media and pornography.

El propósito de este estudio es investigar los factores que determinan la intención de uso en las Aplicaciones de entrega de comida en Lima, durante la pandemia del Covid -19. Asimismo, esta está basada en tres hipótesis respecto a las variables antes mencionadas. Por lo cual, esta propuesta estará elaborada bajo el concepto de concluyente, cuantitativo transversal con alcance correlacional. Cabe resaltar que el muestreo será “no probabilístico'' a 400 encuestados y las variables serán medidas mediante la escala de Likert de 5 niveles. Por último, las hipótesis planteadas sostienen análisis estadísticos de ecuaciones estructurales a través de SPSS AMOS. / The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors that determine the intention of use in Food Delivery Applications in Lima, during the Covid -19 pandemic. Likewise, it is based on three hypotheses regarding the aforementioned variables. Therefore, this proposal will be elaborated under the concept of conclusive, transversal quantitative with correlational scope. It should be noted that the sampling will be "non-probabilistic" to 400 respondents and the variables will be measured using the 5-level Likert scale. Finally, the hypotheses raised support statistical analysis of structural equations through SPSS AMOS. / Trabajo de investigación

El presente estudio estuvo enfocado en analizar la relación entre la utilidad percibida, facilidad de uso e influencia social en relación a la intención de uso en el comercio social en tiendas por departamento. Para ello, se realizó una literatura previa enfocada en las variables y la categoría elegida, lo que permitió conocer la relación de las variables en contextos distintos. Además, basados en esta revisión de literatura, se desarrolló una metodología de estudio para la recolección de información que compromete a las variables estudiadas, la cual será aplicada a 400 personas en Lima que cumplan con la condición de ser usuarios activos en redes sociales en los 6 meses previos a su aplicación. Los resultados del estudio se encuentran en función a tres hipótesis planteadas que se desean comprobar. / The present study was focused on analyzing the relationship between perceived usefulness, ease of use and social influence in relation to the intention to use social commerce in department stores. For this purpose, a previous literature review focused on the variables and the chosen category, which allowed us to know the relationship of the variables in different contexts. In addition, based on this literature review, a study methodology was developed for the collection of information that compromises the variables studied, which will be applied to 400 people in Lima who meet the condition of being active users of social networks in the 6 months prior to its application. The results of the study are based on three hypotheses that we wish to test. / Trabajo de investigación

Influencer marketing är en av de snabbast växande delarna i reklambranschen, och med hjälp av influencer marketing har varumärkena möjlighet att skapa en nära relation med sina konsumenter på Instagram. Idag använder många företag sig av influencers med ett stort antal följare för att marknadsföringen skall vara så effektiv som möjlig. För att bli en framgångsrik influencer krävs det att influencern har en bra fingertoppskänsla mellan vad som är intressant, relevant samt vad följarna vill se i deras Instagramflöden. Eftersom det i nuläget inte finns mycket forskning angående företags strategier om hur de använder sig av influencers i sin marknadsföring. Det finns ett gap i forskningen eftersom att detta är ett relativt nytt sätt för företag att marknadsföra sina produkter på. Det har gjorts lite forskning angående influencer marketing strategier ur ett företagsperspektiv. Detta gjordes genom observationer på utvalda modeföretags Instagramkonton samt på de olika influencernas Instagramkonton som respektive modeföretag samarbetar med i sin influencer marketing. Utöver detta genomfördes kvalitativa, strukturerade intervjuer med respondenter från svenska modeföretag angående företagens influencer marketing strategier på respektive Instagramkonton. Studiens slutsatser visar på att modeföretagen tar någon form av strategiska val i sin influencer marketing när de väljer ut vilka influencers de vill samarbeta med på Instagram. De strategiska valen modeföretagen fattar i sin influencer marketing på Instagram är bland annat hur väl influencern passar företagens målgrupper och kampanjer. Influencer valet grundar sig ofta i influencernas storlek, deras sätt att bygga relationer med sina följare samt sättet de kommunicerar på med sina följare. De strategiska val företagen tar vid val av influencers i sin influencer marketing liknar ofta varandra, men beroende på vilket marknad de riktar sig mot är det större variation på vilka influencers de samarbetar med på Instagram. / Influencer marketing is one of the fastest growing parts of the advertising industry, and with the help of influencer marketing, brands have the opportunity to establish a close relationship with their consumers on Instagram. Today many companies use influencers with a large number of followers to make marketing as effective as possible. To become a successful influencer, it requires the influencer to have a good understanding between what's interesting, relevant and what followers want to see in their Instagram feeds. As there is currently not much research on corporate strategies on how they use influencers in their marketing. There is a gap in research because this is a relatively new way for companies to market their products. There has been little research on influencer marketing strategies from a business perspective. This has been done with observations on selected fashion companies Instagram accounts as well as observations on the various influencers Instagramaccounts with which the respective fashion companies collaborate in their influencer marketing. In addition to this, qualitative, structured interviews were conducted with respondents from Swedish fashion companies regarding the companies' influencer marketing strategies on their respective Instagramaccounts. The study's findings show that fashion companies make some form of strategic choice in their influencer marketing when choosing which influencers they want to collaborate with on Instagram. The strategic choices fashion companies make in their influencer marketing on Instagram include how well the influencer suits the companies' target groups and campaigns. The influencer choice is often based on the size of the influencers, their way of building relationships with their followers and the way they communicate with their followers. The strategic choices companies make when choosing influencers in their influencer marketing are of-ten similar, but depending on which market they targeting, there is greater variation in which influencers they collaborate with on Instagram.

News reports in relation to criminality are often considered a trustworthy and factual source of information. However, media consumers often disregard the discourses within the content they consume as well as the power structures it reproduces. News criminality discourses, in particular, are expressions of power that contextualize and shape identity configurations as well as social relations. It is these discourses that reproduce patterns of inequality in a trickle-down manner. Following a period of mass immigration, the Swedish crime and criminality discourse has blended with the immigration discourse in news articles with ethnonationalist undertones. With the purpose to identify the descriptions of different entities and agents depicted in the crime and criminality discourse and the relationships the press establishes between these groups, this thesis applies elements from Critical Discourse Analysis to analyze 72 newspaper articles (36 from Aftonbladet and 36 from Expressen). This analysis highlights the presence of a spectrum of righteousness by which the press places European identities on the right end of the spectrum opposite to nonwestern immigrant identities. Such discourses elevate European identities and legitimize intolerant attitudes which limit newcomers’ access to resources and opportunities for upward social mobility. Additionally, this analysis relates previous findings to the Swedish context and presents possible implications that the blending of these discourses has had on the integration process and social cohesion overall.

L'objet de cette thèse (bi-disciplinaire, en informatique et sciences politiques) est l'étude de phénomènes d'influence dans des situations de prise de décision collective, impliquant plusieurs sujets interdépendants, ce qui amène à considérer des domaines dits combinatoires. L'importance de ces phénomènes d'influence est observée depuis de nombreuses années dans différents domaines (dont les sciences politiques), mais leur modélisation reste peu développée jusqu'à présent. En se basant sur un modèle existant intégrant la prise en compte de l'influence à un langage de représentation des préférences ordinal, le premier travail de cette thèse a été d'identifier des schémas d'influences pouvant survenir, entre sujets et/ou agents différents. Une deuxième contribution de cette thèse est la prise en compte de domaines partiels (permettant de représenter contraintes exogènes et abstentions, par exemple), une nécessité dans les situations envisagées. De même, différents modèles visant à capturer l'influence simultanée de plusieurs agents sont présentés et discutés. Dans un deuxième temps, l'exemple des votes au conseil de sécurité del'ONU est utilisé: l'occurence de ces schémas est envisagée à l'aide d'une analyse qualitative de différentes séquences de votes (sciences politiques), et de la recherche d'indices de schémas similaires dans les données de vote accessibles. Enfin, le modèle est mobilisé dans le cadre d'une simulation multi-agents (réalisée en Netlogo), et visant à tester différentes réformes envisagées du conseil de sécurité. / Influence study in combinatorial and collective decision-making, is an interdisciplinary research area combining computer science and social science, especially artificial intelligence and collective decision-making. Influence has long been studied, for instance in political science, but in the context of combinatorial and collective decision-making, this calls for a study of how influences works among multi-agents and multi-issues, how influences and decision-making are interleaved, and how the structures of influence among agents and issues produce an effect. In the thesis, we mainly performed three aspects of work:Firstly, build complex models of influence based on preference representation languages and social influence models, proposed a series of new patterns of influence to better describe the complex influences in real-world situation, and discussed a series of theoretical problems of influencing and influenced structure, influence from more than one origins, and influence with abstentions and constraints. We then test the models of influence from an exemplary perspective for interdisciplinary study, from both social science and computer science paradigms, by both qualitative case studies approach and quantitative matching algorithms approach, to provide an evaluation for the models of influence.Finally, we use the models of influence to perform agent-based simulations, by the example UN Security Council voting. We design those experiments from both social and computer science perspectives, implement it in Netlogo, and discuss the interleaved effects between new cases of influence and different SC reform schemes.