De la capacité d’une société à repenser ses liens sociaux, dépend son développement à la fois politique, social et économique. L’État peut, pour contribuer de manière déterminante à la production de sens, développer des outils, entre autres des mécanismes de redistribution, susceptibles d’assurer la solidarité et la cohésion sociale. L’enjeu est d’importance pour certains pays comme la Namibie, dont l'histoire est marquée par le colonialisme et l'apartheid ─desquels il s'est libéré il y a à peine plus de vingt ans─ et qui sont construits sur une logique de séparation inégalitaire des droits et des ressources. À partir de l'exemple du Basic Income Grant (BIG), projet-pilote de revenu citoyen garanti mis en place dans un village de la Namibie entre 2007 et 2009, ce mémoire propose d'explorer l'apport du concept d'empowerment dans ce projet en tant qu'outil de déconstruction de ces structures inégalitaires. Après avoir exposé différentes conceptions des notions de pauvreté, de richesse et de développement, nous aborderons la question du revenu citoyen garanti et de la place qu'il peut prendre dans différents systèmes de protection sociale. Puis, nous tenterons de mieux cerner le concept d'empowerment pour finalement arriver à répondre à notre principal questionnement: le projet BIG permet-il effectivement l'émancipation ou au contraire, fait-il en sorte de renforcer le sentiment de dépendance et d'impuissance vécu par la communauté isolée, vivant dans des conditions d'extrême précarité? Des entrevues ont pour ce faire été conduites auprès de 15 participants, soit des membres du village d'Otjivero, des intervenants engagés dans le regroupement d'acteurs de la société civile namibienne étant à la source de l'initiative, et des représentants gouvernementaux. L’analyse de ces résultats est présentée en dernière partie de travail. / The political, social and economic development of a society depends on its ability to rethink its social ties. To contribute significantly to the production of meaning, the State may develop tools, among which redistribution mechanisms, capable of ensuring solidarity and social cohesion. The challenge may be greater for some countries − such as Namibia, whose history is marked by colonialism and the period of apartheid, which it freed itself of about twenty years ago − that are built around a logic of unequal separation of rights and resources. Based on our study of the implementation of the Basic Income Grant (BIG) pilot project in a Namibian village between 2007 and 2009, this paper proposes to explore the contribution of the concept of empowerment, within a basic guaranteed income project, as a tool for deconstructing these unequal structures. After describing different views of poverty, wealth and development, we will address the issue of basic guaranteed income and the role it can play in different social protection systems. Then we will try to better understand the concept of empowerment before finally focusing on our central question: does the BIG project actually enable emancipation or, conversely, does it strengthen the feelings of dependency and powerlessness experienced by the small isolated community living in extremely precarious conditions? To find an answer to this question, interviews have been conducted with 15 participants: members of the small community of Otjivero, Namibian stakeholders involved in the initiative from the beginning; and representatives from the government. Analyses of these results are presented in the final part of the paper.

Part I comprises three chapters (2-4) that analyse the optimal combination of a universal benefit (B≥0) and categorical benefit (C≥0) for an economy where individuals differ in both their ability to work and, if able to work, their productivity. C is ex-ante conditioned on applicants being unable to work, and ex-post conditioned on recipients not working. In Chapter 2 the benefit budget is fixed but the test awarding C makes Type I and Type II errors. Type I errors guarantee B > 0 at the optimum to ensure all unable individuals have positive consumption. The analysis with Type II errors depends on the enforcement of the ex-post condition. Under No Enforcement C > 0 at the optimum conditional on the awards test having some discriminatory power; whilst maximum welfare falls with both error propensities. Under Full Enforcement C > 0 at the optimum always; and whilst maximum welfare falls with the Type I error propensity it may increase with the Type II error propensity. Chapters 3 and 4 generalise the analysis to a linear-income tax framework. In Chapter 3 categorical status is perfectly observable. Optimal linear and piecewise-linear tax expressions are written more generally to capture cases where it is suboptimal to finance categorical transfers to eliminate inequality in the average social marginal value of income. Chapter 4 then derives the optimal linear income tax for the case with classification errors and Full Enforcement. Both equity and efficiency considerations capture the incentives an increase in the tax rate generates for able individuals to apply for C. Part II (Chapter 5) focuses on the decisions of individuals to work when receiving C, given a risk of being detected and fined proportional to C. Under CARA preferences the risk premium associated with the variance in benefit income is convex-increasing in C, thus giving C a role in enforcement.

La Responsabilité Sociale des Entreprises peut aujourd’hui être considérée comme un thème de gestion qui prend tout son sens dans le management opérationnel des entreprises et des organisations. C’est pourquoi, il semble nécessaire d’éclairer le concept de Responsabilité Sociale des Entreprises, notamment parce qu’il ne concerne pas uniquement le volet social des organisations et qu’il ne s’applique pas qu’aux entreprises stricto sensu. Il s’agit de commencer par traduire ce concept dans les décisions et les pratiques de management stratégique, mais également de proposer une ingénierie stratégique pour sa mise en œuvre. Enfin, il faut évaluer les effets sur la performance globale de l’entreprise ou de l’organisation, c'est-à-dire sur les trois performances : environnementale, sociale et économique, de manière à en mesurer l’efficacité et l’efficience dans le temps. Nous proposons une modélisation pour faciliter la mise en place de la Responsabilité Sociale dans les Entreprises à travers une ingénierie tridimensionnelle qui comprend les trois axes du processus d’implantation, les trois volets de la RSE et les trois étapes de mise en œuvre. Nos recherches ont débuté par une approche auprès de neuf terrains dits préliminaires qui nous ont permis d’obtenir les éléments nécessaires à la construction de notre modèle de management stratégique de la Responsabilité Sociale des Entreprises. Nous avons ensuite testé notre modèle auprès de deux organisations en menant une étude longitudinale de près de trois ans. / Today the Corporate Social Responsibility can be considered as particularly relevant as far as the operational management of companies and organisations are concerned. It is indeed necessary to clarify the concept of Corporate Social Responsibility because this notion does not only concern the social aspects of organisations, and it does not apply only to companies. First of all, this concept should be applied in the decisions and practice of Strategic Management and be set up thanks to strategic engineering. Eventually, the impacts on the general performance of companies or on organisations will be assessed at three different levels: environmental, social and economical in order to measure the efficiency and the efficacy along the periods of time. We suggest a model to facilitate the implementation of Social Responsibility in the companies through a three dimensional engineering. It consists of the three main lines of the Corporate Social Responsibility and its implementation process which includes three different stages. We drew on our research on nine different preliminary fields from which we have obtained the necessary elements to develop our model of Corporate Social Responsibility strategic management. Then we have tested this model on two organisations and we carried out a three year longitudinal analysis.

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Submitted by ENEIDA CARDOSO DE BRITTO CORRÊA (eneidabsb@uol.com.br) on 2015-10-25T18:59:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTACAO - ENEIDA CORRÊA - VERSAO FINAL EM 24-10-2015 - Biblioteca FGV.pdf: 1561331 bytes, checksum: 9fc918f865ac3cdb4a978999246f0cf4 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by ÁUREA CORRÊA DA FONSECA CORRÊA DA FONSECA (aurea.fonseca@fgv.br) on 2015-11-10T18:13:26Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTACAO - ENEIDA CORRÊA - VERSAO FINAL EM 24-10-2015 - Biblioteca FGV.pdf: 1561331 bytes, checksum: 9fc918f865ac3cdb4a978999246f0cf4 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marcia Bacha (marcia.bacha@fgv.br) on 2015-11-12T11:41:53Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTACAO - ENEIDA CORRÊA - VERSAO FINAL EM 24-10-2015 - Biblioteca FGV.pdf: 1561331 bytes, checksum: 9fc918f865ac3cdb4a978999246f0cf4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-11-12T11:42:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTACAO - ENEIDA CORRÊA - VERSAO FINAL EM 24-10-2015 - Biblioteca FGV.pdf: 1561331 bytes, checksum: 9fc918f865ac3cdb4a978999246f0cf4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-09-18 / Over the last twenty years, we have noticed the entry of profit-seeking private entities into the higher education field, motivated and induced by decisions on education policies aiming at the ideal of access to education combined with social inclusion. Therefore, private institutions established a new model of Higher Education focusing on Market, creating opportunities for the segment to grow outside of an economic regulatory procedure. Currently, the possibilities of approaching for regulation on economic sectors have been expanded, also on formats that aren’t necessarily the standard for autonomous agencies, making it possible for there to be entities which are similar to regulatory agencies, and therefore possessing regulatory function, such as the Ministry of Education and its supervised regional authorities. The so called qualitative social regulation - the offer of positions and authorization of courses - proves to be insufficient to arrange and articulate agents’ actions, in a regulatory environment of increasing social and economic complexity. The hybrid regulatory model of private schools suggests articulating/combining the well established yardsticks for social regulation with the principles of economic regulation, in a new form of regulatory approach which gathers the following dimensions: economic fundaments; implementation of public policies divided by sector, region and purpose; institutional planning that prioritizes new guidelines to the entry and maintenance on the Federal System of Education - authorizations and registrations; supervision and control; prospection, evaluation, and accountability - and access of higher education institutions to programmatic public policies, of general character, assuring public interest, effectiveness, quality, competitiveness and the social value on Private Higher Education. Key-words: private higher education; social and economic regulation; Market; Third sector; hybrid regulatory model. / Nos últimos vinte anos observamos a entrada de entidades privadas com fins lucrativos no meio educacional de nível superior, motivada e induzida por decisões de políticas educacionais na busca do ideal do acesso ao ensino combinado com a inclusão social. Assim, instituições privadas estabeleceram um novo modelo 'em construção' de Educação Superior focado em Mercado, criando oportunidades para que tal segmento crescesse à margem de um processo regulatório econômico. Atualmente as possibilidades de abordagens regulatórias ampliaram-se, sendo plenamente admitido regulação em setores econômicos, e sob formatos que não sejam, necessariamente, o modelo de agências autônomas, podendo existir entidades similares às agências reguladoras, órgãos ou entidades dotadas de função regulatória, como no caso do Ministério da Educação e suas entidades supervisionadas - autarquias. A chamada regulação social qualitativa - oferta de vagas e autorização de cursos - mostra-se insuficiente para ordenar e articular a ação dos atores, num ambiente regulatório crescente em complexidade social e econômica. O modelo regulatório híbrido da ES privada propõe articular/combinar os já consagrados parâmetros da regulação social com os princípios e parâmetros da regulação econômica, numa nova forma de abordagem regulatória que agregue as seguintes dimensões: fundamentos econômicos; implementação de políticas públicas setorizadas, regionalizadas e indutoras; desenho institucional que priorize novas diretrizes para a entrada e manutenção no Sistema Federal de Ensino - autorizações e credenciamentos; fiscalização e controle; prospecção, avaliação; e accountability - e, acesso das IES às Políticas Públicas Programáticas, de caráter geral, assegurando o interesse público, a efetividade, a competitividade, a qualidade e o valor social no Ensino Superior Privado.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-03T12:20:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Capa.pdf: 6910 bytes, checksum: 50c453bfdfbf84087c5aea1573f20ee6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004-02-27 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The main focus of this thesis is to investigate the potential for liberation of women beyond the system of kyriarchical domination in the nongovernmental organisation, Pastoral da Criança, an organisation connected to CNBB (National Brazilian Bishops Conference). The research is partly also interested in the question of the extend to which the Pastoral da Criança is influenced by either the Ecclesial Base Communities or the Catholic Charismatic Renewal Movement. Methodologically a field research is set up in the region of Curitiba utilising semi- structured interviews with twelve women working in the organisation. As theoretical framework, it is used theories developed in Social Sciences as sociology, psychology, psychoanalysis and theology. The feminist qualitative data analysis shows the discursive social representations of the women, the perception of their own identities and the importance of the organisation in the construction of their lives. It brings to the conclusion that the organisation merely reproduces the traditional profile of women with almost exclusive emphasis on the traditional characteristics of motherhood. On the other hand the organisation facilitates for the women the construction of communitarian networks. The Pastoral da Criança is linked to a neo- liberal system of thinking that reproduces the dominating kyriarchal discourse of the Catholic Church hierarchy and of an hygienist medical system. These institutions appropriate women s bodies and lives and reduce them to merely biological, reproductive and nurturing functions. The organization is characterised by activities which do not delve into the root causes of poverty, but it only tries to decrease the effects and consequences of poverty. In the teaching and learning sessions of the organisation a banking system of education is used which reproduces domination and dependency relations for poor women. The organisation, though within the framework of religious ideology, is not systematically embedded in a religious space. A suggestion related to the present situation would be that the organisation could be opened to feminist values and ideas in the field of health and religion in order to promote real liberation and empowerment of poor women. This recommendation is in line with the openness, need for reflection and knowledge shown by the interviewed women in their reactions to the researcher approach during the field research. The limitation in this research is related to the location which do not present any influence from social movements.(AU) / O objetivo central desta tese é investigar o potencial de transformação social da organização não-governamental, ligada a CNBB(Confederação Nacional dos Bispos do Brasil).- Pastoral da Criança - para a libertação de mulheres que lá atuam, das relações de dominação e opressões inerentes ao contexto kyriarchal. Esta pesquisa procura considerar o espaço religioso subjacente à organização em decorrência das influências das CEBs (Comunidades Eclesiais de Base) e do MRCC (Movimento de Renovação Católica Carismática). É feita pesquisa de campo na região de Curitiba com observações e entrevistas semi-estruturadas com doze mulheres atuando na Pastoral da Criança, valorizando-se a relação intersubjetiva entre pesquisadora e pessoas envolvidas na pesquisa. A análise qualitativa de dados em relação ao marco teórico feminista desenvolvido em Ciências Sociais pela sociologia, psicanálise e também a teologia, mostra o discurso das representações sociais das mulheres envolvidas, a percepção de suas próprias identidades e a importância da organização na construção de suas vidas. Nos traz a conclusão que a organização reproduz o perfil tradicional de mulheres na função materna e facilita a formação de redes comunitárias. Averigua-se que a Pastoral da Criança está vinculada ao sistema neoliberal de pensamento que reproduz os discursos de dominação do sistema kyriarchal da hierarquia da Igreja Católica e da medicina higienista. Essas instituições de apropriam da vida e dos corpos das mulheres e os reduzem às suas funções meramente biológicas, reprodutivas e de cuidados. A Pastoral da Criança é caracterizada por atividades que não consideram as causas estruturais da pobreza, mas apenas tentam amenizar os seus efeitos e conseqüências. Em suas capacitações, a organização usa a forma bancária de educação que reproduz as relações de dominação e dependência de mulheres pobres. A organização, mesmo com a estrutura da ideologia religiosa analisada, não está vinculada sistematicamente em um espaço religioso. Sugere-se em relação à situação da organização, a abertura das idéias e valores feministas nos campos da saúde e religião a fim de promover a libertação e empoderamento reais de mulheres pobres. Esta recomendação está ligada com a abertura, a necessidade de reflexão e de conhecimento, mostradas pelas mulheres entrevistadas durante a pesquisa de campo. Considera-se como limitação aos resultados da pesquisa, o local pesquisado por não ter influências de movimentos sociais.(AU)

This study focuses on the reformation of the cross-border political coalition in the Scandinavian region of Öresund, specifically the re-organization of Öresundskommitteen to Greater Copenhagen & Skåne Committee. Through the lens of Critical Discourse Analysis, the study critically examines the newly advocated regional strategy focusing on international place marketing of the collective brand Greater Copenhagen, underlying power structures and incentives of the reformation as well as the subsequent consequences for the regional development. The result highlights a political shift of focus, from the region in general to Copenhagen in particular, justified by the conviction of growing international competition and the regional core as undisputable ‘growth-machine’ for the whole region. Consequently, local projects can be legitimized as regional concerns, potentially supporting misallocation of regional funds, political and core-periphery polarization.

A dissertação aborda as interações intersetoriais para a formulação das políticas públicas federais de apoio aos catadores de materiais recicláveis a partir da atuação do Comitê Interministerial para Inclusão Social e Econômica dos Catadores de Materiais Reutilizáveis e Recicláveis (CIISC) entre os anos de 2008 e 2014. A análise destaca a secretaria executiva desse comitê, bem como um importante membro, o Ministério do Trabalho e Emprego (MTE) através de sua Secretaria Nacional de Economia Solidária (Senaes). Para tanto, foi realizada uma reconstituição histórica do CIISC entre 2003 e 2015 com base em análise documental (legislação e relatórios governamentais), na literatura existente e nas entrevistas com gestores públicos realizadas no âmbito desta pesquisa. Assim, a dissertação busca compreender as influências das interações entre os diferentes órgãos e entidades do governo federal que integraram o CIISC, sobre as políticas públicas federais de apoio aos catadores e, nesse sentido, foram investigadas tanto a coordenação desse comitê por sua secretaria executiva, quanto as relações de colaboração, de indiferença e de oposição que perpassaram sua existência. Observa-se que, em meio à coordenação e às demais interações, tem destaque o papel de gestores públicos cuja atuação enquanto ativistas burocráticos foi extremamente importante para a coordenação intersetorial na formulação das políticas de apoio aos catadores. São então tratadas as dimensões em que se observam as articulações intersetoriais, bem como são traçados os limites dessas articulações nas políticas públicas federais de apoio aos catadores de materiais recicláveis. Observou-se que existem algumas políticas de apoio aos catadores que, embora relativamente isoladas entre si, foram internamente formuladas, financiadas e executadas de maneira articulada, de modo que, embora não seja possível descrevê-las em termos de um sistema, tampouco é adequado tratá-las como algo pontual a despeito de suas fragilidades / This dissertation discusses inter-sectoral interactions in the formulation of policies by the federal government to support waste pickers occurring in the Inter-ministerial Committee for the Social and Economic Inclusion of Waste Pickers (CIISC) between 2008 and 2014. This analysis highlights the executive secretariat of this committee, as well as an important member: the Labor and Employment Ministry (MTE) that acted through its National Secretariat of Solidarity Economy (Senaes). In this respect, we made a historical reconstitution of CIISC from 2003 to 2015 based in documental analysis (legislation and government reports), in the related literature and in interviews with public managers made in the course of this research. Thus, this dissertation seeks comprehending influences and interactions between different federal agencies and entities that took part in CIISC, on federal public policies in support of waste pickers. In this regard, we analyzed both the coordination of this committee by its executive secretariat and its relations of collaboration, indifference and opposition that permeated its existence. We found that, in the midst of coordination and other interactions, the role of public managers was central, whose performance as bureaucratic activists was crucial for the inter-sectoral coordination in the formulation of policy to support waste pickers. It is then analyzed the different dimensions of this inter-sectoral articulations, as well as it is traced its limits in the formulations of federal policies of support to waste pickers. We found that exists some policies in support of waste pickers that, although relatively isolated, were internally formulated, financed and executed in an articulated manner, such that, despite not being capable of being described as a system, it is inadequate of being treated as punctual in spite of it frailties

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T19:07:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JULIANA SONAGLIO.pdf: 1315348 bytes, checksum: b79349bc19b60abfc0520b76febd7202 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-04-24 / The Economic Commission for Latin American and Caribean (ECLAC) has spread widely from 90 s, the propose of Productive Transformation with Equity, as basis for the consolidation of economic development able to ally progress with the reduction of poverty. Being the labour the central axis of this propose, the conciliation between productivity and social cohesion understood as the people access to a minimum of well-being, as the insertion in the job , gain strength in the ECLAC that his thinking is assumed as object of reflection of this proposed study. To the ECLAC, the structural heterogeneity the debility of the diffusion of the technical progress, the unemployment and informality has inhibited the growth of economy, contributing for the worsening of poverty in Latin America. In view of this confront of such heterogeneity, the ECLAC emphasize the importance of work for the process of growth by defining it as a determinant of significant economy and stimulating the diffusion of the technical progress, and at the same time, conceiving it as the pillar of the social cohesion in Latin America, for being the mark of income distribution that allows people to actively participate in economic development. Understand the paper of work in the ECLAC s context is the aim of this exploratory study, that search to evidence that, over his thinking, the ECLAC has hidden the exploitation in which the work is submitted in this capitalist mode of production, and deny it as a mechanism of poverty and reproductive existing relations of domination in contemporary times. / A Comissão Econômica para a América Latina e o Caribe (CEPAL) tem difundido amplamente, a partir dos anos 1990, a proposta da Transformação Produtiva com Equidade, como base para a consolidação de um desenvolvimento econômico capaz de aliar crescimento com a redução da pobreza. Sendo o trabalho o eixo central de tal proposta, a conciliação entre produtividade e coesão social entendida como o acesso das pessoas a um nível mínimo de bem-estar, como a inserção no emprego , ganha força na CEPAL cujo pensamento assume-se como objeto de reflexão desse estudo proposto. Para a CEPAL, a heterogeneidade estrutural debilidade da difusão do progresso técnico, o desemprego e a informalidade tem inibido o crescimento da economia, contribuindo para o agravamento da pobreza na América Latina. Tendo em vista o enfrentamento de tal heterogeneidade, a CEPAL enfatiza a importância do trabalho para o processo de crescimento, definindo-o como determinante de uma economia significativa e impulsionador da difusão do progresso técnico, ao mesmo tempo, concebendo-o como o pilar da coesão social na América Latina, por ser o marco da distribuição de renda que permite à população participar ativamente no desenvolvimento econômico. Compreender o papel do trabalho no contexto da CEPAL é o objetivo desse estudo exploratório, que busca evidenciar que, ao longo de seu pensamento, a CEPAL tem ocultado a exploração na qual o trabalho é submetido no modo de produção capitalista, ao negá-lo como mecanismo reprodutor da pobreza e das relações de dominação vigentes na contemporaneidade.

Esta tese tem como objetivo o estudo e a análise da evolução dos partidos políticos de matriz socialista na política argentina durante um século (1880 e 1980). Ainda notamos a ausência no âmbito acadêmico de uma análise minuciosa e coerente de e do conjunto das organizações que formaram parte do Partido Socialista (PS). O mesmo ocorre com suas múltiplas divisões e incorporações ou com os vários aspectos políticos, sociais e culturais que sua praxis implicou. Neste sentido, esta tese tem dois objetivos, por um lado cobrir a mencionada lacuna e por outro colaborar com a reconstrução da memória histórica das classes subalternas. Relaciona os partidos socialistas argentinos com o socialismo internacional, o marxismo e seu impacto na América Latina, no marco da formação econômico-social argentina e dos processos políticos argentinos em sua interação com outras esquerdas, os dois grandes movimentos nacionais, o radicalismo e o peronismo, os conservadores e os militares. / The object of this thesis is the study and analysis of the evolution processes of the socialist political parties in argentinian politics during a century (1880 to 1980). We can even now notice the absence in the academic level of a minute and coherent analisys of the hole picture involving the organizations that took part in the formation of the Socialist Party (PS). The same happens in the multiple divisions and mergers or the various political, social and cultural aspects involved in its praxis. So, this thesis has two objectives, in a way, tends to cover the absence of academic literature about the subject and, in another sense, cooperate with the reconstruction of the working clases memory history. It draws the relation between the argentinian socialist parties, the marxism and its social and economic impacts in Latin America, and, finally, the mayor argentinian political processes like the radicals, the peronismo, the conservatives and the military.