Today there is an ongoing world crisis COVID-19, which has affected our daily lives related to health, survival, economy, work and so on. Much of our daily life is now moved online, for example work, which is possible because of the digitization. For work forces to handle COVID-19, crisis management is crucial. Crisis management is not only relevant for today's situation, but also for future crises. A crisis is something that has happened, is happening and will happen, which means crisis management is needed for all enterprises to be prepared for future crises in the best possible way.  The purpose and focus of this study are on crisis management for non-digital and born-digital companies. The investigation for the thesis is what ordinary- and dynamic capabilities are for non-digital and born-digital companies. Due to these capabilities, there was an interest in knowing which company would handle a dramatic social change crisis the best. To be able to answer the purpose of this study, the method that was used was a qualitative study with a deductive and exploratory approach. There were two case studies conducted, more specifically two in-depth interviews.  The main findings from this study were that both a non-digital and a born-digital company have ordinary and dynamic capabilities. The core finding from the case studies stated that for neither company the DSC was dramatic due to the current COVID-19 pandemic. Another finding was that DSC is only in a crisis when the core business model is threatened. For the non-digital company, its core business was unaffected, agile, resilient and able to transform rapidly. The last main finding was that the role of digital, means easier adaptation to this particular crisis (COVID-19) which demanded digitization for firm survival. Not to forget, more research is needed to fulfil the purpose of this thesis. / Det är en pågående världskris med COVID-19, som har påverkat våra dagliga liv relaterat till hälsa, överlevnad, ekonomi, arbete och så vidare. Det är mycket i vårt dagliga liv som har flyttats online, exempelvis arbete, som är möjligt på grund av digitalisering. För att arbetarna ska kunna hantera pandemin, är krishantering avgörande. Krishantering är inte bara relevant i dagens situation, även för framtida kriser. En kris är något som har hänt, händer och kommer hända, vilket betyder för företaget att vara beredda i bästa möjliga mån för framtida kriser, är krishantering nödvändigt.  Syftet och fokuset på denna studie var på krishantering för icke-digitala och digitala företag. Forskningen på detta arbete handlade om vad ordinära- och dynamiska kapaciteter är för icke-digitala och digitala företag. Därför på grund av dessa två kapaciteter, fanns det ett intresse över vilket företag som skulle hantera bäst en dramatisk social kris. För att kunna svara på syftet i denna studie, användes en kvalitativ studie med en deduktiv och explorativt tillvägagångssätt. Även två fallstudier blev utförda, som var mer av djupgående intervjuer.  De viktigaste upptäckterna från denna studie är att både icke-digital och digitala företag har ordinära- och dynamiska kapaciteter. Den främsta upptäckten från fallstudierna var att varken av företagen hade en dramatisk social kris relaterad till COVID-19 pandemin. En annan upptäckt var att en dramatisk social kris är bara en kris om kärnverksamheten modellen är hotad. För det icke-digitala företag var kärnverksamheten opåverkad, uthållig och hade en förmåga att snabbt omvandla verksamheten. Den sista upptäckten var att rollen för digital, att med en snabb anpassning till en specifik kris (COVID-19) krävdes digitalisering för ett företags överlevnad. Inte att glömma, mer forskning behövs för att uppfylla syftet på detta arbete.

Thesis (M.A. (History)) -- University of Limpopo, 2022 / This study explores the socio-cultural experiences of students at the University of the North (UNIN) in the period between 1970 and 1994. The sampling of the study was purposive and involved thirteen (13) participants who were students at UNIN in the 1970s, 80s and 1990-1994. Data was collected using an interview guide and was analysed using the Thematic Content Analysis as outlined by Braun and Clark (2011). To make sense of the study aim and objectives, this study adopted a qualitative approach wearing an Afrocentric pair of lenses. As shown by literature and the study’s findings, Historically Black Universities (HBUs) in South Africa were established by the apartheid government with the aim of serving Black students excluded from attending segregated White-only universities. Some of the study findings are that former UNIN students were subjected to a racialised institutional autonomy, racialised educational curriculum as well as an unfriendly academic setting for both African students and staff. The study therefore argues for inclusive and Africanised institutions of higher learning in Africa and perhaps elsewhere in the world. This study also recommends that institutional autonomy and educational curricula should be in line with an Africanised value system.

In the aftermath of World War II, the Liberal Democratic Party of Japan followed Germany’s blueprint in fashioning a universal health coverage system. Comparisons to Germany’s welfare state during this same time period reveal markedly different social and mental health policy practices, as Germany’s Christian Democratic Union and Social Democratic Party cooperated toward progressive policies while the Liberal Democratic Party largely neglected social welfare expansion. The effect of these practices is reflected in budgetary provisions, institutionalization practices, and mental health epidemiology. This research finds that a favorable economic climate allowed the Liberal Democratic Party to politically isolate the Social Democratic Party and focus on economic productivity as opposed to welfare expansion. In contrast, West Germany’s competition with East Germany forced cooperation of its two largest political parties to balance economic policy and social progress, which is today reflected in mental health outcomes and policies markedly more favorable than those of Japan.

After 1991 five countries emerged out of the fall of the Soviet Union to create a new region: Central Asia. No longer dominated by Soviet rule these countries fought to overcome barriers to independence and struggled to be seen by the international community as developed countries. However, these countries were far from developed and had to pay the high cost of human rights to get what they desired. This study researches and analyzes how Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, and Tajikistan have traded the rights of women to achieve a placebo of development. Two of the largest violations of women’s rights that have manifested because of the government’s direct actions are domestic abuse and sex trafficking. The government’s structure and leadership, the economic opportunity for women, and the cultural acceptance have all been orchestrated by the government to create a society where women’s rights are unheard of. The actions taken by the three governments seem extensive on paper and international covenants yet are never implemented to help society. Through this research women’s rights in the Central Asian countries of Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, and Tajikistan are examined through the prevalence and acceptance of both domestic violence and sex trafficking. The international conventions, domestic policies, and actions taken by political leaders are examined to better understand the underlying reasons that contribute to the persistence of these attitudes.

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