The Department of Arequipa is commonly seen as forming the southern frontier of the Wari Empire. This chapter questions theevidence for Wari conquest and control over the region by noting the paucity of evidence for either an extractive economy or state administrative facilities. I argue that down-the-line reactions to Huari urbanization and colonization are better explanations for the widespread social changes and Wari stylistic influence that occurred in Arequipa. Wari state incursions into the Nazca Valley destabilized the region at the beginning of the Middle Horizon, and fostered the growth of elites in coastal Arequipa who legitimated their tenuous status positions through violence, long-distant exchange, and adherence to a hybrid Wari/Nasca/Acarí ideology. After social stratification was well-established on the coast, these local elites turned towards the sierra in order to create a regional economy in the second half of the Middle Horizon. The social changes and Wari stylistic influence that resulted in highland Arequipa from this economy reflected links with coastal Arequipa rather than contact with Wari or its colonies. / El departamento de Arequipa es generalmente conocido como la frontera sur del Imperio wari. Este capítulo cuestiona la evidencia sobre la conquista y el control Wari en la región por falta de evidencia de economía extractiva o centros administrativos del Estado. Sostengo que las reacciones a la urbanización y colonización Huari son mejores explicaciones para los extensos cambios sociales y la influencia del estilo Wari que ocurrió en Arequipa. La invasión al valle de Nazca por parte del Estado wari desestabilizo laregión a comienzos del Horizonte Medio, y estimularon el crecimiento de las elites de la costa de Arequipa que legitimaron susposiciones de situación precaria a través de violencia, comercio a larga distancia, y adhesión a una ideología Wari/Nasca/Acari hibrida. Después de la estratificación social estar bien establecida en la costa, las elites locales se dirigieron hacia a sierra para crear una economía regional durante la segunda mitad del Horizonte Medio. Los cambios sociales y la influencia del estilo Wari que ocurrieron por la economía mencionada anteriormente resultaron en la sierra de Arequipa por estos enlaces que reflejaban la economía con la costa de Arequipa, en vez de contacto con los wari o sus colonias.

This thesis analyzes the 18 etchings made by Pablo Picasso in his folio titled Sueño y mentira de Franco created in 1937. It examines their role in condemning Francisco Franco during the Spanish Civil War and how Picasso used his art to make a political statement. Additionally, the roles that humor and satire, gender, the comic strip style, and language play in the piece are discussed in regards to the effectiveness of the overall work.

O Centro Brasileiro e os Centros Regionais de Pesquisas Educacionais foram instituições criadas no interior da estrutura do Ministério da Educação e Cultura, em 1955. A finalidade principal dos Centros era realizar pesquisas cujos resultados pudessem ser utilizados na elaboração de uma nova política educacional capaz de tornar a educação escolarizada, efetivamente, um dos fatores favoráveis ao desenvolvimento econômico e social que se processava, em diferentes ritmos, nas diversas regiões do país àquela época. A partir da identificação dos projetos de pesquisa que foram propostos por todos os Centros, durante todos os anos em que neles foram desenvolvidas atividades de pesquisa, foi possível constatar a existência de dois períodos distintos em sua produção: um, transcorrido do início do funcionamento dos Centros até, aproximadamente, 1961; e, outro, que começou em 1962 e se estendeu até o princípio da década de 1970. Tendo em vista o objetivo de compreender as mudanças apresentadas pelos projetos de pesquisas dos Centros nos dois períodos identificados, foram estabelecidas relações entre essas mudanças e os diversos propósitos que orientaram a realização daqueles projetos, assim como com as políticas educacionais promovidas pelo governo federal entre as décadas de 1950 e 1970. Os resultados alcançados indicam que os Centros passaram da condição de instituições que se propunham a gerar subsídios científicos à tomada de decisões políticas relativas à educação, através da realização de pesquisas que enfatizavam a interpretação das relações existentes entre a educação escolarizada e as mudanças em curso na sociedade brasileira, para a condição de instituições que subsidiavam a implementação de políticas previamente elaboradas por outras instâncias de poder, promovendo a realização de pesquisas cuja ênfase se circunscrevia à análise de aspectos internos ao funcionamento da escola. / The Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Educacionais (Brazilian Center of Educational Research) and the Centros Regionais de Pesquisas Educacionais (Regional Centers of Educational Research) were institutions created inside the structure of the Ministério da Educação e Cultura (Ministry of Education and Culture) in 1955. The Centers aimed at realizing researches whose results could be used in the elaboration of a new educational policy capable of effectively rendering school education one of the favorable factors to the economic and social development in course, in different rhythms, in the different regions of the country at the time. Based on a survey of the research projects which were proposed by all the Centers, during all the years in which there was research activity within them, it was possible to identify the existence of two distinct periods in their research production: one from the creation of the Centers until, approximately, 1961; and another starting in 1962 and stretching until the early 1970s. This works\' objective is to understand the changes shown by the Centers\' research projects through the two identified periods by establishing relations between these changes and the different purposes that oriented the realization of these projects, as well as with the educational policies promoted by the federal government from the 1950s to the 1970s. The results reached indicate that the Centers, beginning as institutions that proposed to generate scientific assistance to the making of educational policy decisions, passed to the condition of institutions that gave support to the implementation of policies previously elaborated by other instances of power. Correspondingly, the content of the research projects changed from the realization of research that emphasized the interpretation of the existing relation between school education and the changes in course in the Brazilian society to promoting the realization of research that was circumscribed to the analysis of internal aspects of the school activity.

A partir de 2000, a educação profissional vem ganhando cada vez mais notoriedade e atenção no contexto da educação brasileira. Os cursos técnicos passaram por um processo de renovação e melhor definição de seu papel e identidade tanto no âmbito da organização burocrática quanto da prática pedagógica e, no âmbito da Educação Superior, a vertente da tecnologia acrescentou diversidade e especialização ao panorama do ensino universitário brasileiro. Nesse contexto, o objetivo deste trabalho é contribuir para a análise sobre a educação tecnológica com ênfase na área de moda e vestuário. Para tanto, foi realizada uma pesquisa com egressos do Curso Superior de Tecnologia em Produção de Vestuário do SENAI-SP, no período de 20011 a 2015, a partir da perspectiva de mobilidade social trazida pelo curso para seus estudantes. A hipótese aqui considerada é a de que o curso, formatado de acordo com o modelo de Educação Profissional por Competências adotado pelo SENAI, oferece a seus egressos uma possibilidade maior de mobilidade social, uma vez que o modelo pedagógico adotado, por um lado, propõe a construção do conhecimento e o desenvolvimento de habilidades e competências de maneira autônoma por parte do educando, e por outro, oferece uma formação desenhada a partir das reais demandas profissionais do mercado / Since 2000, professional education has been gaining more and more attention and attention in the context of Brazilian education. The technical courses underwent a process of renewal and a better definition of their role and identity - both in the bureaucratic organization and in the pedagogical practice - and in the Higher Education area, the technology aspect added diversity and specialization to the panorama of Brazilian college education. In this context, the objective of this work is to contribute to the analysis on technological education with emphasis in the area of fashion and clothing. For that, a survey was carried out with graduates of the Superior Course of Technology in Clothing Production of SENAI-SP, from the period of 20011 to 2015, from the perspective of social mobility brought by the course for its students. The hypothesis considered here is that the course, formatted according to the model of Education by Competencies adopted by SENAI, offers its graduates a greater possibility of social mobility, since the pedagogical model adopted, on the one hand, proposes the construction of knowledge and the development of skills and competences in an autonomous way by the student, and on the other, offers a training designed from the real professional demands of the market

Diversity management is of strategic importance in all organisations throughout the world. Its importance is derived from the belief that workplaces by nature consist of diverse employees, who in one way or another are different in terms of race, gender, religion, or any other difference that may have an impact on the business and its employees. The differences among people need to be managed. This study investigated the influence of diversity management initiatives on business and social outcomes in South African businesses. Literature reviews on diversity management and multicultural education in various parts of the world have revealed an impact on the influence of diversity management initiatives on business and social outcomes. However, existing South African literature on diversity management does not conclusively expose the effects of diversity management on business and social outcomes, hence the need for this study. The study was based on a conceptual framework, which included variables on diversity management initiatives, diversity management models, institutional development theory and business and social outcomes. Hypotheses for the study were also developed and tested. In testing the hypotheses, the empirical data collected was subjected to a series of statistical tests, using STATISTICA version 13. MANOVA tests were conducted to determine the existence of differences among variables and the extent to which the variables differed was measured by means of ANOVA tests. Tukey post hoc tests (Tukey HSD) were used to determine practical significance among variables. The study was also subjected to Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient analysis tests to ascertain the existence of relationships between all diversity management initiatives and business and social outcome factors. The analysis was concluded by conducting an exploratory factor analysis. An exploratory factor analysis was conducted to confirm or reduce the number of factors and the number of factors was subsequently reduced. A Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient test was also done for the extracted factors, after which a regressions analysis test was conducted to confirm the existence of relationships between the extracted diversity management initiatives factors and business and social outcomes factors. This formed the basis for the development of a proposed diversity management model. The model of the implementation of diversity management initiatives is an important contribution to the study because it shows the different aspects that guide the process of implementation. The model is based on the implementation of a formal diversity management change strategy and programme of action; employment equity plan and strategy; and the recruitment and empowerment of women and people living with disabilities. The study was not without limitations. Challenges with regard to access to respondents were experienced and this was one of the delays in data collection. Another challenge experienced was that the study did not include qualitative research approaches, which could have been used for in-depth responses. The study provides an important milestone for the use of diversity management initiatives in South African companies.

La thèse questionne les difficultés de mise en œuvre de la politiquede l'eau et de l'assainissement à Mayotte depuis la fin des années 2000, sur fond de départementalisation. Elle étudie les interactions entre les vulnérabilités sociales,politiques et institutionnelles qui conditionnent les formes de l'action, les avancées et l'efficacité de cette politique sur le territoire mahorais. Sur la base d'une méthodologie de recherche à la fois classique (entretiens et questionnaires) et originale (simulation multi-agents), elle analyse successivement les pratiques et représentations sociales de l'environnement, de l'eau et de l'assainissement à Mayotte ; les fragilités de l'organisation institutionnelle plus générale (Etat et Syndicat des eaux) pour la mise en œuvre de l'action publique et, enfin, les capacités politiques des élus locaux à être les relais territoriaux des exigences normatives régaliennes. Elle met en lumière la résistance de modes d'organisation traditionnels et de certains fondements culturels mahorais face aux changements organisationnels initiés « d'en haut » ainsi que la genèse d'un processus de vulnérabilisation sociale liés aux modalités mêmes de l'action publique. / The thesis highlights the difficulties of implementing the policywater and sanitation in Mayotte since the late 2000s, on the bottom of departmentalization. It studies the interactions between social vulnerabilities, policies, and institutional forms that determine the action, the progress and effectiveness of this policy in Mayotte. Based on a research methodology that is both classic (interviews and questionnaires) and original (multi-agent simulation), it successively analyzes the practices and the social representations of the environment, water and sanitation in Mayotte, the fragility of the broader institutional (State and Union waters) for the implementation of public policy and, finally, the political capacity of local officials to be territorial relay sovereign normative requirements. It highlights the strength of traditional modes of organization and some Mayotte cultural foundations to organizational changes initiated "from above" and the genesis of a process of social vulnerabilization related to the same terms of public policy.

本研究以年代與社會經濟背景為自變項，探討全聯福利中心電視廣告的轉變；分析年代為2006年至2016年，研究方法為內容分析；此外亦針對廣告策略，進行深度訪談，並選取2015至2016年經濟美學系列廣告，進行消費者焦點團體座談，意圖從量化和質化兩個不同方向，審視全聯廣告的轉變。 從研究結果發現： 一、廣告策略受企業發展制約，全聯廣告因企業發展的需求，由資訊式改變為轉換式： 在企業起步階段，適合使用資訊式廣告，打響知名度；而當企業成長至一定程度，則適合使用轉換式廣告，維持消費者的好感度和忠誠度。 二、不修飾的素人論述，不適用於廣告： 「經濟美學」系列廣告借鏡「我的夢想」系列廣告的失敗經驗，內容表達上，改而透過廣告代理商的潤飾，而非直接使用素人言論，以避免流於空泛，缺乏消費者共鳴。 三、廣告反應目標受眾的文化價值觀： 廣告以年輕族群為訴求對象時，必須將其所處社會情境（如景氣差、低薪）反應於廣告中，以呈現傳播者的價值觀和態度。 四、經濟美學廣告策略，確實扣連消費者實際感受： 廣告從洞察目標受眾的文化價值觀，發展出「經濟美學」廣告策略，引發閱聽人共鳴，成功傳遞「讓省錢成為一種具有美感的生活態度」訊息。 / This study explores the changes in the TV advertisements of the PX mart during a period of ten years (2006-2016) from a socio-economic perspective. It uses both quantitative and qualitative research methods: content analysis to analyze data and in-depth interview with focus group to gather the advertisement strategies used in the TV advertisements produced during 2015-2016 and thus, further understand consumer reactions. The results of the study reveal the following four points: 1. Response to business growth: The first stage of business focuses on the use of Informational Advertising to establish presence in the market; later, the ads changed to Transformational Advertising to maintain consumer’s loyalty to the products. 2. Shift from first-person advertisement to Aesthetics in Economics: The first-person advertisement characterizes “My Dreams” series of ads; it is vague and lacks consumer resonance, and this leads to shift to Aesthetics in Economics. 3. Reflection of the target audience's cultural values: Targeted to the young people, the advertisements are presented in a specific social context (that is, a social class with low salary) which demonstrates the advertiser’s values ​​and attitudes. 4. Strategy of Aesthetic Economics – with holding the consumers’ reactions: From understanding the consumers’ values, Aesthetic Economics developed a resonating message: “Saving money is an attitude towards a beautiful life.”

Magister Artium (Development Studies) - MA(DVS) / A number of programmes have been implemented in the field of development communication, with the specific aim of promoting social change among communities, and a series of studies have illustrated the positive effects of entertainment-education (EE) interventions on individuals’ behavioural change. These programmes can be applied in a variety of fields, including health, agriculture and sustainable development, and make use of a different range of media such as radio, television and theatre. In line with the theory and conceptual framework of the Integrated Model of Communication for Social Change (IMCSC), this research is intended to explore, empirically, how development communication programmes can foster collective action amongst community members. The research is based on a case study of Sesotho Media & Development (SM&D), a nongovernmental organisation that has been operating in Lesotho, using media to promote social transformation and individual change. For the past 10 years, SM&D has been working in Lesotho using a methodology based on facilitated documentary screening with a specific focus on HIV/Aids-related issues, combined with capacity building programmes aimed at training facilitators among support groups, youth groups and prison inmates around the country. Both quantitative and qualitative research methods of enquiry were employed throughout the research. Common research tools used include questionnaires, semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions and observation. In addition, a variety of secondary sources of information, including evaluation reports, funding proposals and journal articles were reviewed. The results of the study reveal that development communication initiatives are able to foster collective forms of action by increasing the level of efficacy amongst the audience. Conclusions highlight that participatory development communication with an educational aim allows people to identify problems and to strategise and mobilise resources for collective action.

Please read the abstract in the 00front part of this document / Dissertation (MA (Social Work))--University of Pretoria, 2007. / Social Work and Criminology / unrestricted

This study is centrally concerned with young people's capacity to identify and realise promising educational and occupational pathways. Whilst it is now well established among social scientists that young people have agency, much less is known about what types of agency young people might demonstrate. Based on field research conducted in 2011-2012 with a group of young people studying, working, and living in Nepal's capital city, Kathmandu, the present study scrutinises Western-inspired approaches prevalent in the scholarship on youth which equate agency to resistance and individuality. It does so, by bringing the literature on youth agency into conversation with theoretical work on the concepts of aspiration and mobility. Through an in-depth analysis of young people's time-space-strategies, the thesis contributes to existing literature in three ways: First, it shows that young people may grow in power as they learn to fulfil social obligations and foster stronger relationships with other people. Second, it illustrates that young people's agency may not only take the form of observable practices, but may also reside in young people’s active efforts to think through their options for improving their own and other people's situation. Third, it highlights the importance of young people's spatial mobilities and immobilities in negotiating various social pressures and in developing a sense of themselves as competent, educated, and successful people. The findings of this thesis are, therefore, of relevance to the interdisciplinary field of youth studies as well as to emerging debates in geography about the apparent need to produce 'aspirational citizens' and about the meanings attached to spatial (im)mobility in contemporary societies.