My dissertation is concerned with utopian thinking in Critical Theory. It examines the changing conceptions of radically different social orders held by the associates of the Frankfurt School. Its aim is to investigate utopian thinking as a theoretical tool of a system of thought that is oriented towards social transformation. To bring about social transformation was the explicit objective of the Frankfurt School. And yet, as my dissertation demonstrates, some of the key member of the Frankfurt School discarded precisely this utopian tool. This rejection of utopian thinking is one of the central – but also one of the most problematic – aspects of Critical Theory. It goes back to the writings of Marx himself and culminates in the works of Theodor W. Adorno, specifically in his ‘Utopieverbot’ (prohibition of envisaging a utopian society). I argue that this Utopieverbot facilitated the disappearance of utopian thinking in Critical Theory, and furthermore, that it brought this system of thought to a standstill. In addition to the dissolution of utopian thinking my dissertation examines also its potential resuscitation. The foremost defender of utopian thinking I investigate is Ernst Bloch, a critical theorist overshadowed by Adorno himself. Countering Adorno, Bloch posited utopian thinking not only as a possible but also as a necessary theoretical tool of Critical Theory. I argue that Bloch’s ideas can be valuable in resolving the aporia of utopian thinking in Critical Theory. While important in its own right, this aporia is highly significant due to the enormous influence it exerted on the death of utopia in Western political thought, which can be seen as one of the key factors contributing to the escalating social, political and economic regressions of our contemporary era. Understanding the reasons behind the emergence of death of utopia, as well as its possible resolutions, thus present questions that urgently need to be addressed.

Submitted by Maria Medeiros (maria.dilva1@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-08-06T14:18:27Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ALDO MANOEL BRANQUINHO NUNES - TESE (PPGCS) 2016.pdf: 13288450 bytes, checksum: 3a10b6f761de81d042251a57e5f26113 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-06T14:18:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ALDO MANOEL BRANQUINHO NUNES - TESE (PPGCS) 2016.pdf: 13288450 bytes, checksum: 3a10b6f761de81d042251a57e5f26113 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-12-15 / Capes / Este trabalho teve como objetivo colocar novos elementos à teoria social ocupada em estudar o processo de ocupação e povoamento da área que foi denominada, ao longo do texto, de “Sertões da Borborema”, uma parte do semiárido brasileiro, formada pelas atuais microrregiões do Pajeú e Sertão do Moxotó, em Pernambuco e Cariri Ocidental e Serra do Teixeira, na Paraíba. Com um esforço empírico orientado por um enfoque de longa duração, procurou compreender os processos de conformação das estruturas agrária e social dessa área, entre o final do século XVIII e início do século XX, a partir do entendimento de que esse ambiente vivenciou, nesse período, dinâmicas de fronteira, especialmente, a partir do avanço do plantio de algodão que atraiu enormes contingentes de indivíduos e grupos familiares para se instalarem como proprietários de terra, o que promoveu, na passagem do século XIX para o XX, um processo consistente de crescimento populacional, surgimento de várias localidades e criação de vilas e novas cidades. Essa pesquisa vem confrontar uma visão bem consolidada, no campo da teoria social, que se baseia numa chave analítica que tem o latifúndio de origem sesmarial e a constituição da dita “civilização do couro” como centrais e determinantes no processo de ocupação e povoamento do interior nordestino, que sedimentou a imagem, por vezes depreciativa, do semiárido como o lugar por excelência do latifúndio, herança necessária do processo de concessão de sesmarias às famílias de elite de origem lusitana. Com uma ferramenta que combinou pesquisa documental, história oral e de vida, foi possível construir um quadro explicativo que elucidou, não só o processo de substituição da antiga elite agrária de origem sesmarial, por uma nova elite de origem muito variada, mas que tinha o plantio, comércio e processamento do algodão como atividades centrais, mas também foi possível compreender processos de mudança que permitiram a inserção de famílias pobres ao mundo social dos proprietários de terra e como, em algumas áreas mais, em outras menos, ocorreu mesmo uma mudança no padrão fundiário, com o predomínio da pequena propriedade. Foi direcionada atenção às famílias que, chegando aos “Sertões da Borborema”, entre os séculos XIX e XX, tornaram-se proprietárias de terras que antes tinham sido fruto de concessão sesmarial. Foi dado enfoque à trajetória social dessas famílias e aos processos de mudança que protagonizaram. / This work had the objective of putting new elements to the social theory occupied in studying the process of occupation and settlement of the area that was denominated, throughout the text, “Sertões da Borborema”, a part of the brazilian semiarid, formed by the current microregions of “Pajeú” and “Sertão do Moxotó”, in Pernambuco and “Cariri Ocidental” and “Serra do Teixeira”, in Paraíba. With an empirical effort oriented by a long-term approach, it sought to understand the processes of conformation of the agrarian and social structures of this area, between the end of the eighteenth century and the beginning of the twentieth century, from the understanding that this environment experienced, in that period , border dynamics, especially from the advance of the cotton plantation that attracted huge contingents of individuals and family groups to establish themselves as landowners, which promoted, in the passage from the nineteenth century to the twentieth, a consistent process of growth population, emergence of various localities and creation of towns and new cities. This research comes to confront a well consolidated view in the field of social theory, which is based on an analytical key that has the latifundio of “sesmarial” origin and the constitution of the so-called "civilização do couro" as central and determinant in the process of occupation and settlement of the interior Northeastern region, which sedimented the sometimes disparaging image of the semi-arid as the place par excellence of the latifundio, a necessary inheritance of the process of granting “sesmarias” to the elite families of lusitanian origin. With a tool that combined documentary research, oral history and life history, it was possible to construct an explanatory framework that elucidated, not only the process of replacing the old agrarian elite with “sesmarial" origin, by a new elite of very varied origin, but who had planting and processing cotton as central activities, but it was also possible to understand processes of change that allowed the insertion of poor families into the social world of landowners and how, in some areas, with the predominance of small property. The attention was drawn to the families who, arriving in “Sertões da Borborema”, between the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, became the owners of land that had previously been a sesmarial concession origin. It was given a focus on the social trajectory of these families and the processes of change that they carried out.

“Une vie incomplète”: Le cas particulier de la colonia Miguel Hidalgo, Ecatepec, État de México Tout en défiant l’anthropologie classique, cette étude montre la manière selon laquelle les perspectives intimistes peuvent contribuer à la compréhension de phénomènes sociaux. Le point de départ est celui de l’histoire personnelle de l’auteure et la méthode employée implique la reconnaissance d’une problématique partagée avec l’altérité étudiée ici. Cependant, il ne s’agit pas d’un récit autobiographique mais bien d’une tentative de saisir dans le dialogue avec autrui des réponses à un avenir individuel et collectif. En cela, l’objectif est d’expliquer comment est-ce que les habitants d’un quartier défavorisé, comme celui de Miguel Hidalgo dans la périphérie de la Ville de Mexico, s’organisent pour faire face aux multiples infortunes qui mettent en péril leur vie dans le quotidien, et d’établir quels sont les différents facteurs qui interviennent dans le fait que certains individus parviennent à réaliser une trajectoire d’ascension sociale alors que d’autres non. Cette thèse décrit d’abord le mode selon lequel les habitants se sont organisés pour satisfaire leurs besoins de base et faire face à leur situation défavorable. Elle examine ensuite l’existence d’un modèle socioéconomique, étendu à la communauté, fondé sur la transformation de l’unité domestique dans une unité de production. Elle explore ensuite les possibilités qu’ont les habitants du quartier de Miguel Hidalgo d’accomplir une certaine ascension sociale grâce aux études. Elle montre aussi les modes selon lesquels les résidents de cette zone prétendent transformer la société, pour réaffirmer les liens communautaires ou bien pour construire de nouvelles identités. En conclusion, il est établi que, même quand dans une large mesure les jeunes ont été ceux qui ont impulsé la transformation et la dilution de la société, ce sont eux qui actuellement s’efforcent davantage à récupérer les valeurs communautaires et produire de nouvelles formes pour leur expression. / “Living an Incomplete Life”: The Particular Case of the Miguel Hidalgo Neighborhood, Ecatepec, Mexico This study shows the manner in which an intimate perspective may contribute to the understanding of social phenomenons, as a means to challenge classical anthropology. The starting point is the author’s personal history, used as a method that entails the recognition of shared issues with the otherness that she seeks to study. However, this is not an autobiographical tale, but an attempt to find, through dialogue with the other, answers about the individual and collective process of becoming. The goal is to explain how the inhabitants of Miguel Hidalgo, an underprivileged neighborhood in Mexico City’s periphery, organize themselves in order to confront the myriad of vicissitudes which put their livelihoods at risk from day to day, and to establish which are the different factors that intervene in the fact that some individuals achieve a certain level of social mobility, while others do not. The starting point is the description of the way in which neighbors organize in order to fulfill their basic needs and confront the challenging situation. It is also proposed that a socioeconomic model, based on the transformation of the household into a unit of production, has spread throughout the community. The possibilities for social mobility of Miguel Hidalgo residents through education are then explored. The means by which the residents of the area pretend to transform society, either to reassert community bonds or to build new identities, are also shown.The study concludes by proposing that, although it has been the youth the ones which have impelled the transformation and dilution of society, it is also they the ones that put up a bigger effort in regaining community values and in producing new forms for their expression.

The thesis presents ethnographic data and musical analysis (in the form of transcriptions) of Haul music which is the music style performed by Bedouin societies in Trab el Bidan region (Mauritania, Western Sahara, northern Mali, southern Algeria and northern Morocco). It is based on field research undertaken in Algeria in 2004-05 in the refugee camps of Tindouf, Algeria, where Saharaui people (a Bedouin society)live in exile. This research is unique and original as Haul has not, until now, been explored in depth by any scholar. My research on Haul reveals that the changes in Saharaui music in the refugee camps of Tindouf reflect changes in the musical traditions of Bedouin societies as whole; changes that can be traced to the revolution which occurred in Western Sahara in 1975, and changes that are a result of the migrations and life in exile that followed. I argue that these changes occurred due to the transnational experiences undergone by Saharaui people in their forced exile (caused by the Moroccan state) from their homeland in Western Sahara to Algeria. Further, I assert that the invocation of memory in Bedouin musical styles is evidence of past musical practices being retained in contemporary Haul performance, although other musical changes are similarly in progress.

Com o final da Segunda Guerra Mundial, ocorrem grandes transformações nos campos comerciais, políticos e sociais. As nações ocidentais, em especial o continente europeu, passam a supervalorizar suas crianças e seus jovens, valor este que rapidamente se estende às Américas. Intensificam-se os estudos que visam a compreender a etapa adolescente na vida humana. O adolescente adquire um novo status social e, com isso, um novo significado na sociedade que é inclusive representado por escolhas de consumo. A pergunta central do presente trabalho é se a teoria do consumidor descreve as escolhas que os adolescentes realizam, ou seja, se os axiomas que a constituem respondem adequadamente aos comportamentos percebidos no consumo adolescente. Considerando-se a teoria do consumidor como uma teoria normativa em que o indivíduo apresenta uma racionalidade instrumental, questiona-se se essa estrutura de análise descreve o comportamento de consumo frente às mudanças biopsicossociais que estes adolescentes estão passando e se tal teoria respalda as escolhas deles. Este trabalho também apresenta um conceito de adolescência e novos subsídios para interpretar o comportamento de consumo aos olhos da Economia, porém sem esquecer o caráter multidisciplinar, pois os adolescentes estão em um período de transformações biológicas, psicológicas e sociais que impactam como eles realizam suas escolhas. / With the end of the Second World War occurred great transformations, in social, political and commercial fields. The western nations, especially those in continental Europe, placed a huge value on the children and their youth, this value spread rapidly to the Americas. Studies aimed at understanding the adolescent stage of human life intensified. The adolescent acquired a new social “status” and, with this a new representation in society that was more inclusive, representing the choices of consumption. The central question of this work that the Theory of Consumption describes, are the choices that the adolescents are carrying through. The axioms constitute that they answer adequately to the perceived behaviours in adolescent consumption. It is considered that the Theory of Consumption is a normative theory, in that the individual is presented as a rational instrument, if the structure of analysis describes the consumption behaviour ahead of bio-psychosocial changes that these adolescents are passing through and endorses their choices. This work also presents the concept of adolescence and the new subsidies by interpreting the behaviour of consumption looking at the economy, to put, without forgetting the multidisciplinary, therefore the adolescents are in a period of transformations, biological, psychological and social that impact on how they carry through their choices.

The purpose of this research is to investigate whether or not adult education acts as an agent for social change in Lesotho, especially in communities of the urban and rural poor. The importance and value of adult education as an agent for social change are highlighted. The study has employed a descriptive approach with case studies, involving samples from chiefs, the Ministry of Education and three prominent institutions: the Lesotho Distance Teaching Centre, the Lesotho Association of Non-Formal Education and the Institute of Extra Mural Studies. The samples of these constituencies totalled one hundred and forty-three. The study has used interviews, questionnaires and observations for collection of data. The researcher observed and judged the natural environment under which facilitation education occurred. Occurrences of all instances under observation were recorded and analysed. The study revealed that even though there is no government policy regarding adult education in Lesotho, the role played by adult education is important as an agent for social change. Adult education has proven its importance and value as a means of providing solutions to pressing issues and problems of the disadvantaged groups. Adult education has a wide range of achievements through which social change is visible and measurable. On the other hand, there is an equally strong opposing side that argues that adult education, as a provision of education in general, does not bring social change in Lesotho; instead, it perpetuates social inequalities that exist. Adult education, according to practices which conform to consensus and conflict paradigm principles, is used as an instrument to promote and strengthen the status quo of social inequalities in Lesotho. However, the researcher believes, through the findings of this study, that educating the urban and rural poor is a reasonable move because these groups constitute a large number of the human resource in Lesotho. With this human resource, if well developed, it is hoped that all other resources can be mobilised for the good of the nation. Lastly, the researcher believes that follow-up studies are needed in order to assess impact of adult education in Lesotho and recommends further research concerning adult education programmes and other pressing issues that are not included in this study. / Educational Studies / D.Ed. (Didactics)

Recycling and solid waste management are a serious problem in the Russian North. The necessary infrastructure, as well as the awareness of the citizens is missing to resolve this problem efficiently. Artists and environmental activists have therefore looked for a way to make people aware of the need for recycling and initiate social change in this regard. The medium that has been chosen by activists and artists alike is art. By involving people in creating an art object or by presenting art to them, the activists and artists hope to initiate awareness concerning our consumption patterns and, like this, show them that recycling is one of many solutions. This thesis should demonstrate how intertwined the connections between the different groups of people, but also with the (art) objects are. This is done by drawing on the actor-network-theory by Bruno Latour as an analytical tool to understand these connections. Key component in this theory, as well as the artist-activist- collective is reassembling. By constantly reassembling people into new projects, as well as household items into art objects, the collective manages to remain visible to the public and to be flexible enough to react to changing needs.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-10-09Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:07:12Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 pereira_sb_me_rcla.pdf: 2970927 bytes, checksum: 3e1a8539544ff645b613759d9717085b (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / A centralidade ou a capacidade de promover a coalescência de funções é uma característica fundamental das cidades. A cidade reúne as instituições políticas e econômicas e é centro de decisão para a economia capitalista. Esta congrega as melhores condições para a reprodução do capital, tendo em vista que concentra os meios de produção e circulação do capital, bem como onde este realiza a opressão do homem por meio da exploração do trabalho e da segregação sócio-espacial. O presente texto tem a finalidade de pensar essa característica tão fundamental das cidades como fator de impulsão à formação dos movimentos sociais. O espaço das cidades seria então, segundo nossa hipótese, um lugar portador de possibilidades de transformação advindas das lutas desses movimentos. A análise da gênese e organização da Associação dos Favelados de Piracicaba (ASFAP) dá suporte à corroboração de nossa hipótese uma vez que é um movimento social surge em num contexto de potencialização da aglomeração urbana por conta da intensa industrialização / The centrality or the ability to promote the coalescence of functions is a fundamental characteristic of cities. The city brings together political and economic institutions and is the decision center to the capitalist economy. It brings together the best conditions for the reproduction of capital in order to concentrate the means of production and capital circulation, where it performs as well as the oppression of man by the exploitation of labor and socio-spatial segregation. This paper aims to consider this characteristic so fundamental as cities impulsion factor to the formation of social movements. The space of cities was then, according to our hypothesis, a place holder possibilities of transformation coming from the struggles of these movements.The analysis of the genesis and organization of the Associação dos Favelados de Piracicaba (ASFAP) supports corroboration of our hypothesis once it is a social movement that appears in a context of empowerment of urban agglomeration on account of intense industrialization

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:28:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-03-16Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:15:52Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 barros_ral_me_mar.pdf: 2461306 bytes, checksum: 9da727019298da4089759833a6a2bcdb (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo investigar os principais desdobramentos ocorridos na área da punição, no período que vai de 1975 até 2001, tendo como base as análises recentes elaboradas a partir das experiências penais dos EUA, Inglaterra, França e Brasil. O período analisado tem sido apontado como um momento de mudanças estruturais intensas, que afetaram todas as esferas da vida social e que, por sua vez, geraram transformações dramáticas no funcionamento dos sistemas punitivos das sociedades contemporâneas. Os destaques indicam que há um aumento generalizado no número de pessoas encarceradas no mundo e de que os conteúdos e as formas punitivas de controle das populações têm se tornado cada vez mais intensos. Diante disto, há um consenso de que, ao contrário de funcionar como uma medida capaz de conter ou restabelecer a fragmentação crescente sob a qual estão submetidas as sociedades, a punição tem se transformado numa dimensão extremamente problemática da dinâmica social, por conta de inúmeros problemas ligados ao seu funcionamento, como a sua violência arraigada e sua incidência seletiva. Com base nestas ocorrências, esta pesquisa tem a intenção de fazer uma investigação teórica destes problemas, visando articular melhor a compreensão destes fenômenos punitivos, buscando extrair da análise um campo de problematizações para o contexto das políticas públicas brasileiras. / This research has as objective investigate the main developments occurred in the field of punishment, in the period that goes of 1975 up to 2001, having as base the recent elaborated analyses from the criminal experiences of U.S.A., England, France and Brazil. The analyzed period has been pointed as a moment of intense structural changes, that had affected all the spheres of the social life and that, in its turn, had generated drastic transformations in the functioning of the punitive systems of the societies contemporaries. The features indicate that it has an increase generalized in the number of people jailed in the world and that the contents of punitive forms of control of populations have become more intense than ever. By side of this, it has a consensus of that, in contrast to functioning as a measure capable to contain or to reestablish the increasing spalling under which the societies are submitted, the punishment has transformed into an extremely problematic dimension of the social dynamics, for account of innumerable problems on its functioning, as its intrinsic violence and its selective incidence. With base in these occurrences, this research has the intention to make a theoretical inquiry of these problems, being aimed to better articulate the understanding of these punitive phenomena, searching to extract of the analysis a field of inquiry for the context of the Brazilian public policy.

This paper presents the information gathered during the first season of the Kushipampa Archaeological Project. By comparison with available data from coetaneal sites, this paper presents a preliminary identification of a new regional tradition emerging at the end of the Late Formative Period. This tradition was characterized by the use of a distinctive ceramic assemblage and architectural style at sites located mainly in the upper section of the Nepeña valley. After the decline of an economic system related to the Chavín cult, at 500 BC, a group of communities, including the one at Kushipampa, managed to create alternate exchange networks to replace the former system. / Este artículo presenta los datos obtenidos en la primera temporada de investigación del Proyecto Arqueológico Kushipampa. Mediante la comparación con la información disponible de sitios contemporáneos, el autor propone la identificación preliminar de una nueva tradición regional surgida a finales del Periodo Formativo Tardío. Esta tradición se caracterizó por un tipo particular de cerámica y de arquitectura en sitios ubicados principalmente en la zona alta del valle de Nepeña. Tras el declive del sistema económico relacionado con el culto chavín, alrededor de 500 a.C., un conjunto de comunidades, en el que se incluía a Kushipampa, concibió y artículo la red de intercambio que terminó por reemplazar el sistema vigente hasta entonces.