The aim of the study was to examine if and how the social service and the social welfare secretary provides against threat and violence in the encounter with clients. The study is qualitative and carried out with six semi-structured interviews with social welfare secretaries and participation observations at the social welfare offices in three municipalities. The theoretical starting points used were symbolic interactionism and strange loops. The result shows that social service and social welfare secretaries both use measures to prevent threat and violence to occur. The precautionary measures mainly used by social services are ; looked doors, alarm device, loose objects removes and interview rooms are furnish in purpose for the social welfare secretary to flee the room at urgent need. Measures used by the social welfare secretary where focusing on their manner of behaving in their encounter with clients. Some of the important factors where to act respectful, professional, calmly, honestly and to posses`knowledge. The result also shows that measures such as looked doors, removing loose objects and the use of alarm device might be perceived by clients as insulting, provocative, a feeling of being inferior and losing control of their situation. The study implies that an increased knowledge of if and how the surroundings and the precautionary measures used by social service affect clients. The aim should be to create a more open then closed social service office.

<p>Many social services cases have been reviewed in the media during the last years. One of those cases is “Lasse and Karin”, handled by the Social Services in Oskarshamn in 2002. Lasse and Karin had their son taken into custody by the Social Services and the case was reviewed in national media. Through this case the Social Services received much attention, of which most was negative, and their handling of the case was greatly criticized. From this particular case as well as others alike it, our interest developed into this study. This is a qualitative study, based of sex depth interviews with Social Welfare Secretaries in three different municipalities. Our aim with this study is to examine how the Social Welfare Secretaries are influenced by media coverage of their work, focusing on their handling of cases. We also compare how these influences vary between Social Welfare Secretaries who have personal experience of media reviews, and the Social Welfare Secretaries who have not yet been reviewed by the media. The study has a sociological and social psychological perspective. Our purpose with this study is to learn more about how the Social Welfare Secretaries experience the media coverage of social service cases, how the Social Welfare Secretaries relate to media articles and how they, in their occupational role, handle the pressure of being reviewed by media. Some of the people we interviewed have personal experience of media reviews while others only have experienced the reviewing of colleagues through media. The result of the study shows that the Social Welfare Secretaries experience media reviewing as tiring, strenuous and one-sided. Because of this, their trust in the media was low. However, they all agreed that media could be used to promote the Social Services in a positive way. </p>

<p>Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka hur socialsekreterare i några kommuner bedömer behovet av stöd för föräldrar med en lindrig utvecklingsstörning eller svagbegåvning. Vidare är syftet att undersöka vad socialsekreterarna upplever vara problematiskt vid dessa bedömningar, samt att inventera vad tidigare forskning säger på området. Forskningsöversikten kommer i uppsatsen att användas som analysverktyg. Som metod använder jag mig av en kvalitativ ansats i form av halvstrukturerade intervjuer. Resultatet visar att alla de tre intervjuade socialsekreterarna gör en vanlig utredning. Utöver det anlitar socialsekreteraren i den andra kommunen ett utredningshem, där familjen bor under en längre tid och där särskilda bedömningsinstrument används. I den tredje kommunen gör socialsekreteraren en utredning i en utredningslägenhet, där familjen vistas dagtid under en längre tid, men utan särskilda bedömningsinstrument. Svårigheter som upplevdes var bland annat beroende av själva utvecklingsstörningen eller svagbegåvningen i sig, att föräldrarna kan ha svårt att se sitt eget behov av stöd. Bemötandet och risken att föräldern ska känna sig kränkt och om föräldern ska räcka över tid var också svårigheter som togs upp. Överlag upplevdes detta vara ett svårt område med svåra bedömningar. Slutsatsen är bland annat att, antagligen, på grund av det relativt lilla antalet föräldrar med utvecklingsstörning och svagbegåvning så har inte alla kommuner utarbetat särskilda bedömningsmetoder just för den här gruppen. Men detta skulle behövas eftersom forskning visat att rätt bedömning är viktigt för att kunna utforma adekvat stöd.</p><p>Nyckelord: utvecklingsstörning, svagbegåvning, föräldraskap, bedömning, socialsekreterare.</p> / <p>Intellectual disability and parenthood</p><p>-social welfare secretaries assessment of the need of support for parents with an intellectual disability, and the difficulties around these assessments</p><p>The main purpose of this study is to examine how social welfare secretaries do their assessments of the need of support for parents with an intellectual disability, and what their experiences is about difficulties doing these assessments. The purpose is also to examine what earlier research says in the area. The research summary will be used for the analysis of the empirical data. The method used is a qualitative approach with semi structured interviews in three municipalities (A, B, C). The result shows that in all three examined municipalities (A, B, C) they do an ordinary investigation. In municipality B social welfare secretaries also use a special institutional flat where the family lives for a longer period of time and where special methods of assessment are used. In municipality C social welfare secretaries also use a special flat for purpose of investigation where the family stays day time for a longer period of time, but without using special methods of assessment. The result also shows that difficulties in doing these assessments depend for example on the intellectual disability in itself: parents not being able to understand their own need of support. It also shows difficulties in addressing the parents, without making them feel insulted. Generally the experiences of the interviewed social welfare secretaries is that it is a complicated area with complicated assessments. An important conclusion of this study is that, probably because of the relatively small numbers of parents with an intellectual disability, not all municipalities have developed special methods for this special group of people. But this will be needed, because as the research summary shows, a correct assessment by the social welfare secretary is necessary in order to be able to give adequate support.</p><p>Key words: intellectual disability, parenthood, assessment, social welfare secretary</p>

Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka hur socialsekreterare i några kommuner bedömer behovet av stöd för föräldrar med en lindrig utvecklingsstörning eller svagbegåvning. Vidare är syftet att undersöka vad socialsekreterarna upplever vara problematiskt vid dessa bedömningar, samt att inventera vad tidigare forskning säger på området. Forskningsöversikten kommer i uppsatsen att användas som analysverktyg. Som metod använder jag mig av en kvalitativ ansats i form av halvstrukturerade intervjuer. Resultatet visar att alla de tre intervjuade socialsekreterarna gör en vanlig utredning. Utöver det anlitar socialsekreteraren i den andra kommunen ett utredningshem, där familjen bor under en längre tid och där särskilda bedömningsinstrument används. I den tredje kommunen gör socialsekreteraren en utredning i en utredningslägenhet, där familjen vistas dagtid under en längre tid, men utan särskilda bedömningsinstrument. Svårigheter som upplevdes var bland annat beroende av själva utvecklingsstörningen eller svagbegåvningen i sig, att föräldrarna kan ha svårt att se sitt eget behov av stöd. Bemötandet och risken att föräldern ska känna sig kränkt och om föräldern ska räcka över tid var också svårigheter som togs upp. Överlag upplevdes detta vara ett svårt område med svåra bedömningar. Slutsatsen är bland annat att, antagligen, på grund av det relativt lilla antalet föräldrar med utvecklingsstörning och svagbegåvning så har inte alla kommuner utarbetat särskilda bedömningsmetoder just för den här gruppen. Men detta skulle behövas eftersom forskning visat att rätt bedömning är viktigt för att kunna utforma adekvat stöd. Nyckelord: utvecklingsstörning, svagbegåvning, föräldraskap, bedömning, socialsekreterare. / Intellectual disability and parenthood -social welfare secretaries assessment of the need of support for parents with an intellectual disability, and the difficulties around these assessments The main purpose of this study is to examine how social welfare secretaries do their assessments of the need of support for parents with an intellectual disability, and what their experiences is about difficulties doing these assessments. The purpose is also to examine what earlier research says in the area. The research summary will be used for the analysis of the empirical data. The method used is a qualitative approach with semi structured interviews in three municipalities (A, B, C). The result shows that in all three examined municipalities (A, B, C) they do an ordinary investigation. In municipality B social welfare secretaries also use a special institutional flat where the family lives for a longer period of time and where special methods of assessment are used. In municipality C social welfare secretaries also use a special flat for purpose of investigation where the family stays day time for a longer period of time, but without using special methods of assessment. The result also shows that difficulties in doing these assessments depend for example on the intellectual disability in itself: parents not being able to understand their own need of support. It also shows difficulties in addressing the parents, without making them feel insulted. Generally the experiences of the interviewed social welfare secretaries is that it is a complicated area with complicated assessments. An important conclusion of this study is that, probably because of the relatively small numbers of parents with an intellectual disability, not all municipalities have developed special methods for this special group of people. But this will be needed, because as the research summary shows, a correct assessment by the social welfare secretary is necessary in order to be able to give adequate support. Key words: intellectual disability, parenthood, assessment, social welfare secretary

No description available.

Many social services cases have been reviewed in the media during the last years. One of those cases is “Lasse and Karin”, handled by the Social Services in Oskarshamn in 2002. Lasse and Karin had their son taken into custody by the Social Services and the case was reviewed in national media. Through this case the Social Services received much attention, of which most was negative, and their handling of the case was greatly criticized. From this particular case as well as others alike it, our interest developed into this study. This is a qualitative study, based of sex depth interviews with Social Welfare Secretaries in three different municipalities. Our aim with this study is to examine how the Social Welfare Secretaries are influenced by media coverage of their work, focusing on their handling of cases. We also compare how these influences vary between Social Welfare Secretaries who have personal experience of media reviews, and the Social Welfare Secretaries who have not yet been reviewed by the media. The study has a sociological and social psychological perspective. Our purpose with this study is to learn more about how the Social Welfare Secretaries experience the media coverage of social service cases, how the Social Welfare Secretaries relate to media articles and how they, in their occupational role, handle the pressure of being reviewed by media. Some of the people we interviewed have personal experience of media reviews while others only have experienced the reviewing of colleagues through media. The result of the study shows that the Social Welfare Secretaries experience media reviewing as tiring, strenuous and one-sided. Because of this, their trust in the media was low. However, they all agreed that media could be used to promote the Social Services in a positive way.

Socialt arbete tar sig många gånger uttryck genom mellanmänskliga möten och relationer. Syftet med denna studie var att beskriva socialsekreterares syn på relationens betydelse mellan socialsekreterare och klienter med beroendeproblematik. Sex socialsekreterare från olika stadsområdesförvaltningar i Malmö stad som arbetar med klienter med beroendeproblematik intervjuades för att få en bild av deras syn på bemötandets och alliansens betydelse i mötet med klienten samt hur de ser på maktobalansen i mötet med klienter. Studien konstaterar att det råder en maktobalans i mötet mellan socialsekreterare och klient.För att få klienten att känna sig trygg i mötet med socialsekreteraren kan relationen användas som ett verktyg. Informanterna menar att relationen i de flesta fall har en stor betydelse för att få tillträde till klientens berättelse och vad hen vill med sin förändringsprocess. Faktorer som klientens tidigare erfarenheter av myndigheter, tidspress och maktobalansen mellan dem kan försvåra för socialsekreteraren att skapa en god relation med sin klient och således tillsammans bygga en allians. Det finns en motstridighet i att samtliga informanter upplever att många av deras klienter har blivit dåligt bemötta av andra myndighetspersoner, medan de själva uttrycker att de alltid försöker bemöta sina klienter väl. / Social work, generally consists interpersonal treatment and relations. The aim of this study was to describe the point of view among social welfare secretaries concerning the significance of the relation between social welfare secretaries and clients with drug abuse. Six social welfare secretaries from different social services in Malmö, working with clients with abuse participated in interviews. Data was gathered by means of interviews, focusing the relative importance of alliance and power in their daily work with clients. The study states that there is imbalance of power when social welfare secretaries and clients meet. The social welfare secretary can use the relation as a tool to make the client feel comfortable and secure in the encounter with the social welfare secretary. The informants implies that the relation is significant in most cases to get access to the client's story and also to investigate the clients understanding and desires. Elements such as the clients earlier experiences of authorities, time pressure, and the imbalance of power between the social welfare secretary and the client can aggravate for the social welfare secretary to build a good relation with the client and eventually a strong alliance. There is a contradiction in the way our informants describes how they treat their clients well and states that they are trying to build a good relationship with them, when on the other hand, all of our informants claims that most of their clients have bad experiences when it comes to meeting authorities.

With re-actualization within the social services’ childcare as a starting point, the aim of this study has been to understand and analyze how social secretaries describe how the organizations framework affects their work. In addition to this, the aim of the study has been to examine how social secretaries experience their work with re-actualizations. The empirical material has been collected through seven qualitative semi-structured interviews with social secretaries who are active in the same municipality. To process and interpret the collected empirical data, a thematic analysis has been used along with Lipsky’s theory. We have also used previous research in the analysis, which have centered on re-actualization, the social services’ efforts for children and adolescents, and organizational challenges. The conclusion drawn from this study from an organizational perspective, point to no differences being made between re-actualization and those that are actualized for the first time. On the other hand the study do show that social secretaries have both unspoken and spoken guidelines and routines that they adhere to when working with children, adolescents, and their parents that are re-actualized. In addition, the study shows that social secretaries in the municipality in question experience that it is usually children of parents with cognitive impairments who are re-actualized. A lack of the right kind of efforts to offer this client group is also mentioned. Divided opinions among social secretaries about whether re-actualization is a problem or not has also emerged in our study. Finally, the study shows that the organization creates challenges for social secretaries in their work with re-actualized clients and they often see re-actualizations as a result of their own work not being effective enough. / Med återaktualisering inom socialtjänstens barnavård som utgångspunkt, är syftet med den här studien att analysera och försöka förstå hur socialsekreterare beskriver att organisationens ramar påverkar deras arbete. Syftet är även att förstå hur socialsekreterare upplever arbetet med återaktualiseringar. Empirimaterialet har samlats in genom sju kvalitativa semistrukturerade intervjuer med socialsekreterare som är verksamma i en och samma kommun. För att bearbeta och tolka den insamlade empirin har vi använt oss av en tematisk analys och Lipskys teori. Vi har även använt oss av tidigare forskning i analysarbetet, som handlat om återaktualisering, socialtjänstens insatser till barn och unga, samt om organisatoriska utmaningar. Slutsatser av studien är att ur ett organisatoriskt perspektiv så görs det ingen skillnad mellan återaktualiserade klienter och de som aktualiseras för första gången. Däremot har socialsekreterare själva både uttalade och outtalade riktlinjer och rutiner som de förhåller sig till då de arbetar med barn, unga och deras föräldrar som återaktualiseras. Studien visar även att socialsekreterare i den aktuella kommunen upplever att det oftast är barn till föräldrar med kognitiva nedsättningar som återaktualiseras. Upplevelsen är också att det saknas rätt slags insatser att erbjuda den här klientgruppen. Att det finns delade meningar bland socialsekreterare om huruvida återaktualiseringar är ett problem eller inte har också framkommit i vår studie. Slutligen visar studien att organisationen innebär utmaningar för socialsekreterare i deras arbete med återaktualiserade klienter, samt att socialsekreterare oftast ser återaktualiseringar som ett resultat av deras eget arbete inte har varit framgångsrikt.

After repeated criticism of the social services about how they manage family care, the National Board of Health and Welfare decided to solve the problem by importing a model used in England (Integrated children's system). This was translated into Swedish conditions and named BBIC (Barns behov i centrum = Child’s needs at the center). Our study aims to investigate whether BBIC will contribute to more and more extensive follow-ups of children placed than before, with a focus on the child's best. This has been studied through qualitative interviews with six social workers who work with children investigations. The results indicate that follow-up is becoming more wide when BBIC is used, the social welfare worker needs to see the child several times to obtain all the information that BBIC documents require. The result also indicates that the social workers use different BBIC documents when they do follow-ups. There are also other parts of the follow-up in which social welfare workers work different, for example how often they visit the child between the statutory reassessments.

Syftet med vår studie har varit att öka kunskapen om hur socialsekreterare upplever sitt arbete med barnavårdsutredningar och hur de beskriver hanteringen av olika intressen i utredningsprocessen. Inom detta område har vi studerat vilka intressen som kan finnas i en barnavårdsutredning, hur socialsekreterare hanterar dessa och hur de upplever sitt arbete. Vi har använt oss av en kvalitativ metod där vi har intervjuat sex yrkesverksamma socialsekreterare. Utifrån dessa intervjuer har vi fått ett resultat som har visat att det finns många intressen i en barnavårdsutredning. Socialsekreterarna beskriver hur de företräder barnets intresse samtidigt som de behöver förhålla sig till föräldrarna, den egna organisationens, lagstiftningen och andra aktörer som skola, förskola och Barn- och ungdomspsykiatrin, BUP. Ibland kan det uppstå motsättningar mellan dessa intressen och för att hantera detta har vi sett några strategier som socialsekreterarna använder sig av. De har betonat betydelsen av ett fungerande samarbete med andra aktörer och belyser även vikten av att det egna ansvarsområdet är tydligt. Det är viktigt att veta vad som är socialsekreterarens egna uppgifter och vad som är andras uppgifter. I resultatet har det även framkommit att informanterna upplever sitt arbete som svårt och komplext, men samtidigt upplever flera det som meningsfullt att arbetet innebär att de kan bidra till förändring och att de företräder människors rättigheter. Den här beskrivningen från informanterna har vi också kunnat se genom tidigare forskning. Socialsekreterarens arbete beskrivs som komplext och som ett motsättningsfullt uppdrag, samtidigt som det också beskrivs som meningsfullt. De resultat som vi har fått har vi analyserat med hjälp av begrepp tagna från organisationsteori, nyinstitutionell organisationsteori, KASAM samt tidigare forskning. Vi för sedan också en diskussion kring resultatet då vi bland annat ställer oss frågor om socialsekreterarens roll och innebörden av meningsfullhet i arbetet.