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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
151

Impact of organizational social context on employee's perception of psychological contract breach (PCB) and subsequent performance behaviors

Arain, Ghulam Ali 23 April 2012 (has links)
Notre travail doctoral vise à étudier l'impact du contexte social de l'organisation à un premier niveau, sur les perceptions des employés des ruptures du CP et à un second niveau, sur la performance au travail. Nous soutenons que la perception des employés de la rupture du CP est fortement subjective, et donc, qu'elle dépend majoritairement des repères sociaux que l'employé capte en observant la façon dont l'organisation traite les autres employés. S'appuyant sur ces arguments, l'existence de relations politiques au sein de l'organisation ainsi que les processus de comparaison sociale ont été plaidés comme facteurs contextuels sociaux influençant la perception des employés de la rupture du CP et leurs comportements subséquents de performance au travail. L'enquête a été réalisée sur un échantillon non aléatoire de 322 dyades subordonné-superviseur. Le test des hypothèses a démontré que le contexte social négatif est positivement associé à la rupture du CP au niveau transactionnel et au niveau relationnel. Les ruptures des CP transactionnel et relationnel ont des effets significatifs et négatifs sur les comportements volontaires et obligatoires des employés. L'effet est d'ailleurs légèrement plus fort pour les comportements volontaires que pour les comportements obligatoires. L'importance perçue des promesses non tenues a des effets modérateurs significatifs sur la relation entre la rupture des CP transactionnel et relationnel et sur les comportements volontaires des salariés. En revanche, cette importance n'a pas d'effet modérateur significatif sur la relation entre la rupture du CP et les comportements obligatoires des salariés. / The current study is aimed at investigating the impact of organizational social context on employees' perceptions of PCB and subsequent performance behaviors. We argued that employee's perception of PCB is highly subjective in nature, thus, heavily depends on social cues the employee picks up from the organization's treatment to other coworkers. Based on these arguments, organizational politics and social comparison processes (positive and negative comparisons) were argued as social contextual factors that influence employee's perception of PCB and subsequent performance behaviors. A non-random purposive sample of 322 subordinate-supervisor matching dyads, with 60% response rate, collected from various public & private organizations of Pakistan. The SR model results demonstrated that the negative social contextual factors (organizational politics & negative comparison) had significant positive associations with both transactional and relational PCB. However, the positive social contextual factor (positive comparison) had non-significant effects on both transactional and relational PCB. Both transactional and relational PCB had significant negative effects on employees' extra-role (OCB-I) and in-role behaviors, and the effect size was, slightly, greater for extra-role than in-role behaviors. Perceived importance of broken promises showed significant moderating effects only for the relationship between PCB (transactional & relational) and employees' extra-role behaviors (OCB-I) but not between PCB and in-role behaviors.
152

Animal personality and the social context : the role of boldness and sociability variation in schooling fish

Jolles, Jolle Wolter January 2016 (has links)
Throughout the animal kingdom, individuals often differ consistently from one another in how they cope with their environment. In particular, consistent behavioural variation, known as animal personality, is a substantial driver of a range of important ecological and evolutionary processes. As most animal species are social for at least part of their lives and group living is common, a crucial link between personality and the social context may be expected. In this thesis I systematically investigate this link, using three-spined stickleback fish (Gasterosteus aculeatus) as my model system. I begin by showing that fish vary consistently in their boldness and sociability, with only boldness being positively linked to food intake for fish at rest. This finding provides support for evolutionary theory that links personality variation to life-history strategies, and lays the basis for work related to the social context. I continue by investigating how the social context may modulate personality variation and show that short contact with a social group may have carry-over effects and obfuscate personality expression when individuals are alone. Next, I observed fish in different pairs over time and found that social experience from both the current as well as previous social contexts are integrated in the risk-taking and leadership decisions of individuals but also depends on their boldness type. This result provides support for the importance of social feedback in the expression of personality differences. I go on to demonstrate that, in a pair, bolder fish have lower social attraction, with positive effects on individual’s leadership but negative effects on social coordination. Finally, by detailed tracking of the collective movements and group foraging of free-swimming shoals, I reveal boldness and sociability have complementary driving effects of on social structure, collective behaviour, and group functioning. Furthermore, I show that in turn the group composition determines the performance of individual personality types, providing a potential adaptive explanation for the maintenance of personality variation. Taken together, these studies provide an integrated account of animal personality and the social context and highlight the presence of a feedback loop between them, with personality variation being a key driver of collective behaviour and group functioning but also strongly affected and potentially maintained by it.
153

La precariedad laboral en inmigrantes en España y su relación con la salud: una aproximación cualitativa

Porthé, Victoria 20 January 2009 (has links)
El denominado proceso de "globalización" ha propiciado nuevos patrones de desarrollo en las relaciones económicas a nivel mundial, que no sólo se han traducido en una nueva organización del trabajo y cambios generales en la producción sino que, a su vez, han modificado las relaciones de poder entre el capital y el trabajo. Como consecuencia de esta profunda reorganización social y económica, la denominada "flexibilización" laboral se ha convertido en una de las características dominantes del mercado laboral que ha tenido diversos efectos negativos para los trabajadores en cuanto a su estabilidad, seguridad laboral, y pérdida de poder. En este contexto, surge la precariedad laboral que ha comportado profundos cambios en el empleo, transformando las relaciones de reproducción social y de las relaciones en el ámbito de la producción, acrecentando la vulnerabilidad de los trabajadores. Al mismo tiempo, la emergencia de la precariedad laboral ha coincidido históricamente con el aumento de los flujos migratorios de carácter principalmente económico.La precariedad laboral no afecta de la misma manera al conjunto de la fuerza de trabajo sino que perjudica especialmente a ciertos grupos vulnerables, entre los que se encuentran los inmigrantes. Así, la precariedad está estrechamente relacionada con los ejes de la desigualdad, que permiten explicar cómo las desigualdades sociales se traducen en distintos niveles de salud. No obstante, existe escasa evidencia que permita entender, con la profundidad suficiente, la relación entre los factores estructurales que configuran la precariedad laboral y su relación con la salud de los trabajadores. Aún menor es la evidencia disponible que analice específicamente la situación de los trabajadores inmigrantes. Esta tesis se propone conocer las características y dimensiones de la precariedad laboral específicas de los trabajadores inmigrantes y analizar su relación con la salud y bienestar de los mismos. Para conseguirlo, propone una metodología cualitativa, con dos orientaciones en el análisis. En una primera parte, el método de análisis utilizado fue la inducción analítica, a partir del marco teórico desarrollado por Amable (2006) sobre la precariedad laboral en asalariados españoles.La segunda parte del análisis es descriptiva e interpretativa siguiendo el método de la teoría fundamentada, utilizado para describir la relación de la precariedad con la salud y bienestar percibidos por los informantes. Los trabajadores inmigrantes caracterizan la precariedad laboral describiendo la elevada inestabilidad del empleo, escaso poder para negociar las condiciones de empleo, indefensión y una intensificación de la carga de trabajo. Perciben también, que sus ingresos son insuficientes para cubrir sus necesidades y que poseen escasos beneficios sociales que limitan su capacidad de ejercer derechos. Los trabajadores en situación irregular, comparten las características descritas de la precariedad, aunque perciben mayor indefensión y peores condiciones laborales. En la relación de la precariedad laboral con la salud, los informantes describieron no sólo problemas sobre su salud general (musculoesqueléticos, problemas alimentación, etc.) sino también problemas como la insatisfacción laboral, estrés, factores psicosociales, malas condiciones de vida y también hábitos poco saludables, como consumo de alcohol y medicamentos.A partir de este estudio hemos observado que la principal diferencia entre el colectivo de trabajadores españoles y el de inmigrantes reside en la extensión de la precariedad laboral. Entre los inmigrantes, la precariedad se presenta en niveles muy altos o incluso extremos, que exceden el ámbito laboral e incluyen aspectos de precariedad social, relacionados a sus condiciones de vida, marginación y exclusión. En el caso de los trabajadores en situación irregular necesariamente entran en la precariedad lo que los ubica como un colectivo muy vulnerable.Finalmente, si se considera que el trabajo es uno de los principales mecanismos de inserción en la sociedad, los inmigrantes que se hallan en situación de precariedad laboral podrían quedar expuestos a una inserción social igualmente precaria. Desde la perspectiva de Salud Pública es necesario considerar que aún y cuando la situación de la inmigración represente un impacto pequeño sobre la salud de los trabajadores, la magnitud de la inmigración a nivel mundial es muy elevada, por lo que el potencial impacto que ésta podría tener sobre la salud global de la población podría ser enorme.
154

Exploring food choice as social practice : appreciating the context of family feeding in Kahnawake, Québec, Canada

Delormier, Treena 10 1900 (has links)
De nous jours, les modèles se référant aux comportements individuels représentent la pensée dominante pour comprendre les choix alimentaires dans le domaine de la nutrition en santé publique. Ces modèles conceptualisent les choix alimentaires comme un comportement de consommation décidé de façon rationnelle par des individus, en réponse aux multiples déterminants personnels et environnementaux. Même si ces modèles sont utiles pour décrire les déterminants des comportements individuels d’alimentation, ils ne peuvent expliquer les choix alimentaires en tant que processus social façonné en fonction des individus et des lieux, dans des contextes diversifiés. Cette thèse élabore le Cadre Conceptuel sur la Pratique des Choix Alimentaires afin d’explorer les choix alimentaires comme phénomène social. En utilisant le concept de pratique sociale, les choix alimentaires des individus symbolisent une relation récursive entre la structure sociale et l’agence. Ce cadre conceptuel nous donne un moyen d’identifier les choix alimentaires comme des activités sociales modelées sur la vie de tous les jours et la constituant. Il offre des concepts pour identifier la manière dont les structures sociales renforcent les activités routinières menant aux choix alimentaires. La structure sociale est examinée en utilisant les règles et les ressources de Giddens et est opérationnalisée de la façon suivante : systèmes de significations partagées, normes sociales, ressources matérielles et ressources d'autorité qui permettent ou empêchent les choix alimentaires désirés. Les résultats empiriques de deux études présentées dans cette thèse appuient la proposition que les choix alimentaires sont des pratiques sociales. La première étude examine les pratiques de choix alimentaires au sein des familles. Nous avons identifié les choix alimentaires comme cinq activités routinières distinctes intégrées dans la vie familiale de tous les jours à partir d’analyses réalisées sur les activités d’alimentation habituelles de 20 familles avec de jeunes enfants. Notre seconde étude a élaboré les règles et les ressources des pratiques alimentaires à partir des familles de l’étude. Ensuite, nous avons analysé la façon dont les règles et les ressources pouvaient expliquer les pratiques de choix alimentaires qui sont renforcées ou limitées au sein des familles lors de la routine spécifique à la préparation des repas et de la collation. Les ressources matérielles et d'autorité suffisantes ont permis d’expliquer les pratiques de choix alimentaires qui étaient facilitées, alors que les défis pouvaient être compris comme etant reliés à des ressources limitées. Les règles pouvaient empêcher ou faciliter les pratiques de choix alimentaires par l’entremise de normes ou de significations associées à la préparation de repas. Les données empiriques provenant de cette thèse appuient les choix alimentaires comme étant des activités routinières qui sont structurées socialement et qui caractérisent les familles. Selon la théorie de la structuration de Giddens, les pratiques routinières qui persistent dans le temps forment les institutions sociales. Ainsi, les pratiques routinières de choix alimentaires façonnent les styles d’habitudes alimentaires familiales et contribuent par ailleurs à la constitution des familles elles-mêmes. Cette compréhension identifie de nouvelles directions concernant la façon dont les choix alimentaires sont conceptualisés en santé publique. Les programmes de promotion de la santé destinés à améliorer la nutrition sont des stratégies clés pour prévenir les maladies chroniques et pour améliorer la santé populationnelle. Les choix alimentaires peuvent être abordés comme des activités partagées qui décrivent des groupes sociaux et qui sont socialement structurés par des règles et des ressources présentes dans les contextes de pratiques de choix alimentaires. / Models of individual-behaviour currently represent the dominant understanding of food choice in public health nutrition. This model frames food choice as a dietary intake behaviour rationally decided by individuals in response to multiple personal and environmental determinants. While useful in describing determinants of individual dietary behaviours, the model cannot explain food choice as a social process shaped in relation to people and places associated with diverse contexts. This thesis presents the Food Choice Practice Framework to explore food choices as social phenomena. Using the concept of social practice, food choice is proposed as an interplay of social structure and agency. The framework provides a means for identifying food choices as activities patterned among, and constituting, day to day life. It furnishes concepts to identify how social structures reinforce routinized food choice activities. Social structure is examined using Giddens' notions of rules and resources and operationalized as: shared systems of meanings, social norms, material resources, and authoritative resources that enable or constrain desired food choices. The empirical work from two studies supports the proposition that food choices are social practices. The first study in the thesis examines food choice practices in families. We identified food choices as five distinct routinized activities integrated among the usual feeding activities of 20 families with young children. The second study elaborated the rules and resources of food choice practices from the study families. We then analyzed how rules and resources could explain both enabled and constrained food choice practices experienced by families in the specific routine of creating regular meals and snacks. Adequate allocative and authoritative resources helped explain enabled routine food choice practices, while challenges could be understood as coming about through limited resources. Rules could constrain or enable food choice practices through sanctioning norms and meanings associated with creating meals. The empirical work supports understanding food choices as routinized activities that are socially structured and which characterize families. According to Giddens' structuration theory routinized practices that endure through time form social institutions. Therefore routinized food choice practices shape characteristic styles of eating patterns in families, as well as contribute to the constitution of families themselves. This understanding identifies new directions for the way food choice is conceptualized in public health. Health Promotion programs designed to improve nutrition are key strategies for the prevention of chronic disease and improvement of population health. Food choices can be approached as shared activities that describe social groups, and explained as socially structured by rules and resources present in the contexts of food choice practice.
155

Vroeë volwasse lidmate se kerklike meelewing binne die Verenigende Gereformeerde kerk: 'n empiriese studie in die ring van Wellington

Kwago, Anita Louisa 30 November 2003 (has links)
Text in Afrikaans / The central focus of this study is the church involvement of young adult members. Following an introductory chapter in which the research methodology and modus operandi are being explained, a discussion, in the light of recent literature, is devoted to young adults as a unique generation of our time, shaped within a particular social context; their specific characteristics and spiritual needs; and possible reasons for their very slight involvement with the church (chapter 2). In chapter 3, the empirical survey, conducted by means of questionnaires and structured interviews within the Uniting Reformed Church's Circuit of Wellington, is described and the results interpreted. In chapter 4, certain conclusions are drawn. The indication from the literature reviewed, that young adults are mainly uninvolved with the church, was empirically confirmed. Finally, recommendations are made and guidelines given, aimed at a more effective ministry to the young adult member of the church. / Religious Studies and Arabic / M. Diac. (Youth Work)
156

La foi musulmane et la laïcité en France et au Québec, entre régulation publique et négociation quotidienne / Muslim Faith and Secularism in France and Quebec, between Public Regulation and Dailylife Negociation

Lavoie, Bertrand 20 January 2017 (has links)
Le but de la recherche est de comprendre comment un individu se sentant lié à une norme religieuse interprétée comme prescrivant le port d'un signe religieux peut se sentir en même temps lié à une norme étatique prescrivant des exigences en terme de neutralité religieuse. Afin d'analyser la dynamique d'interaction entre le hijab et la laïcité, je conduis des entretiens semi-dirigés avec des femmes portant un hijab qui travaillent pour l'État ou qui sont appelées à travailler pour celui-ci dans un avenir professionnel proche. Cette recherche a un volet comparatif par la constitution de deux échantillons de 25 entretiens provenant de deux contextes juridiques où l'application de la laïcité implique soit une interdiction du port du hijab pour les employés de l'État (en droit français) ou soit une autorisation (en droit québécois). Les principaux résultats de la recherche démontrent que la majorité des participantes réussissent à concilier les deux normes par la mise en oeuvre d'une interaction stratégique, une conscience internormative du droit, qui a pour but de faciliter la rencontre de normes en apparence conflictuelles. / The overall goal of the dissertation is to analyze the relation to religious norms and state law regarding the question of the wearing of muslim religious symbols. This socio-legal research follows results from 50 interviews done with persons who wear muslim religious symbols and work (or consider working) at the same time for the french and quebec states. The two legal contexts shows dissension regarding the regulation of religious symbols in public institutions. Empirical results shows different strategies of action and interpretation of state and religious norms, a human legal agency, where the rational autonony of the weaerer is the central element in the relation to norms.
157

Jak se stávám učitelem? Hledání profesní identity / How I am becoming a teacher? Searching for professional identity

Králíková, Tereza January 2017 (has links)
How I am becoming a teacher? Searching for professional identity Is the development of a professional identity in students in the teacher training program at the PedF UK based on similar foundation as the professional identity of the students at the Detroit Teacher Program? How much is this professional identity influenced by the city and social situation in which those students are living and studying? Is the discourse that is used by both sides similar or different? A comparison of related narratives, concepts and metaphors will be done. What is the role attributed to art disciplines in the teacher training curriculum in both countries? A case study will explore all of these issues, and will be based on an analysis and reflecting on of videos which were created as part of the project, "How I Am Becoming a Teacher", as well as curriculum documents and other related documents. Key words Art, photography, visusal story, professional identity, teacher training, reflective practice, city, school, university faculty, artography
158

A select bouquet of leadership theories advancing good governance and business ethics: a conceptual framework

Vercueil, Megan 20 October 2020 (has links)
How authors and scholars have approached leadership studies – in terms of their thinking, defining and studying – has changed remarkably over time. According to literature, this is predominantly due to greater optimism about the field and greater methodological diversity being employed to better understand complex, embedded phenomena. As a result, there has been a significant rise in the use of qualitative research approaches to the study of leadership. Numerous definitions, classifications, explanations and theories about leadership, exist in the contemporary literature. However, despite the vast array of literature, the challenge of failing leadership persists. Challenges, such as the speed of technological advancements, social, and economic change are ever-present, while the impact of COVID-19 is, as yet, uncertain. Despite these challenges, can companies compete successfully in the marketplaces they operate in while also remaining ethical and engaged with the challenges of the broader business and social environment? To answer this question, this study has undertaken qualitative research on the bouquet of trait, situational and value-based leadership theory, in order to re-assess both established and developing theories. The predominant aim is to describe, explain and analyse available literature in an attempt to ascertain academic guidance on how it might be possible to enable leaders and society to mitigate leadership challenges by proposing a conceptual framework that could support leadership theory and, in so doing, take an academic stance in providing better answers or guidance to the failures currently being experienced. Several authors have noted that leadership makes a difference with resulting impacts on many which implies that to make the world a better place, leadership has two contradictory elements; good and bad. These elements are reflected in today’s connected world where the media, either showers praise on leaders or writes articles deriding their incompetence and abuse of their roles at all levels The proposed conceptual framework of this study endeavours to enable society and leaders, practically and at an individual level, to evaluate leadership issues and link leadership frameworks to their everyday lives and, in so doing, aid in mitigating the challenges being faced. / Business Management / D.B.L.
159

The Management Of Feral Pig Socio-Ecological Systems In Far North Queensland, Australia

Shuster, Gabriela January 2012 (has links)
No description available.
160

Multilevel Approaches to Dealing with the Challenges of Diversity

Ehret, Agnes 12 May 2022 (has links)
In recent years, the role of diversity has become increasingly important and present – both in society and at the workplace. Diversity, that is any attribute that people might use do distinguish between self and others, is a topic that is visible in several areas and that has challenging implications, both for organizations and for society as a whole. It is a multilevel construct that needs a holistic approach - but so far, most of the research on diversity is limited to the team level, without reflecting on implications for other levels and interactions with other levels of diversity. The first objective of this dissertation is to examine whether approaches of organizational diversity research, namely faultlines, are applicable to the societal level and whether they are useful on this level to explain phenomena of societal relevance. Second, we investigate whether diversity trainings on the team-level can help meet these challenges by teaching useful competencies. And third, we explore whether characteristics on the individual level, namely intrapersonal diversity, enable people to overcome the challenges of diversity which will ultimately also contribute to meet the challenges of diversity on the societal level. On the basis of the combination of findings on diversity at three different levels and the introduced multi-level model, new hypotheses at different levels of analyses can be formulated and subsequently tested.:1. Introduction 2. Core Constructs and Conceptual Clarifications 3. Theoretical Framework 4. Status Quo of Diversity Research 5. Overview of the Research Program 6. Does Social Context Predict Voting for Far-Right Parties? A Study on Societal Faultlines and Voting Behavior in East Germany 7. When Diversity is Something New: Enhancing Diversity Beliefs among Apprentices 8. Intrapersonal Diversity: We Like what we are 9. General Discussion / Diversität hat in den letzten Jahren zunehmend an Bedeutung und Präsenz gewonnen – sowohl in der Gesellschaft als auch am Arbeitsplatz. Diversität, also jedes Merkmal, das Menschen dazu nutzen können, sich selbst als unterschiedlich von anderen Personen wahrzunehmen, ist in vielen Bereichen sichtbar und stellt sowohl für Organisationen als auch für die Gesellschaft als Ganzes eine große Herausforderung dar. Es ist ein Mehrebenen-Konstrukt, das einen ganzheitlichen Ansatz erfordert – die bisherige Forschung zu Diversität beschränkt sich jedoch größtenteils auf die Gruppenebene, ohne Auswirkungen auf oder Interaktionen mit andere Ebenen von Vielfalt zu berücksichtigen. Das erste Ziel dieser Dissertation ist es zu prüfen, ob Ansätze der organisationalen Diversitätsforschung, namentlich Faultlines, auf die gesellschaftliche Ebene übertragbar sind und ob sie auf dieser Ebene nützlich sind, um gesellschaftlich relevante Phänomene zu erklären. Zweitens untersuchen wir, ob Diversitätstrainings auf Gruppenebene helfen können, diese Herausforderungen zu meistern, indem sie nützliche Kompetenzen vermitteln. Und drittens untersuchen wir, ob Eigenschaften auf der individuellen Ebene, namentlich intrapersonelle Diversität, Menschen dazu befähigen, die Herausforderungen von Diversität zu bewältigen, was letztlich auch dazu beitragen wird, den Herausforderungen von Diversität auf gesellschaftlicher Ebene gerecht zu werden. Auf Basis der Kombination von Diversitätserkenntnissen auf drei unterschiedlichen Ebenen und dem vorgestellten Mehrebenen-Modell können neue Hypothesen auf unterschiedlichen Analyseebenen formuliert und anschließend überprüft werden.:1. Introduction 2. Core Constructs and Conceptual Clarifications 3. Theoretical Framework 4. Status Quo of Diversity Research 5. Overview of the Research Program 6. Does Social Context Predict Voting for Far-Right Parties? A Study on Societal Faultlines and Voting Behavior in East Germany 7. When Diversity is Something New: Enhancing Diversity Beliefs among Apprentices 8. Intrapersonal Diversity: We Like what we are 9. General Discussion

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