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Den här uppsatsen behandlar problematiken förknippad med givande och mottagande av utvecklingsbistånd. En negativ konsekvens som kan uppstå av utvecklingsbistånd är biståndsberoende. Med det menas oftast att mottagarna blir beroende av givarnas medel och därmed är de fast i en ond cirkel då de blir fortsatt beroende av en utomstående part. Jag kommer dock belysa att myntet har två sidor, även givarna blir beroende men i det här fallet av att ge bistånd. Att givarna blir biståndsberoende har att göra med att biståndet har utvecklats till en industri där många människor är beroende av dess fortlevnad för att säkra intressen och sin försörjning. De inbyggda faktorerna i utvecklingsbiståndet är mycket komplicerade och att vara givare eller mottagare innefattar så mycket mer än att ”bara” vara givare eller mottagare. Den här studien syftar till att förstå hur det kommer sig att länder söder om Sahara som låg i topplistan på biståndsmottagare för 30 år sedan än idag finns kvar på samma lista. Uppsatsen behandlar frågorna: Hur påverkas utvecklingsprocesserna i länderna söder om Sahara av utvecklingsbistånd? Kan utvecklingsbistånd leda till oanade och rent av negativa konsekvenser och vilka är då dessa? Och vidare, vad har givarna för intresse av att ge bistånd?

A growing number of individuals in Europe and other developed regions of the world are remaining childless throughout their life course. These individuals will lack major social and caring components relative to parents and likely have other needs and issues as they age and as the proportion of childless continues to grow. It has previously been shown that partnered individuals and parents’ live longer and healthier lives, but studies into the mental health of childless individuals have been inconclusive. In the present study I investigate the relationship between mental wellbeing and childlessness in France and Sweden. The mental wellbeing of the respondents was measured using a short-form of a depression scale. The result of the study showed that the effects of childlessness were affected by country of residence, gender, parental status as well as marital status. Further, a poor relationship to one’s children had a negative impact on mental wellbeing. Individual attitude towards childlessness did not have an effect on mental wellbeing however, and contrary to previous studies and the first hypothesis of this study, being childless did not have a negative effect on mental wellbeing. The results are limited by the nature of the sample, where a more complete measure of the depression scale would have been beneficial. Future research could further investigate the significance of positive family relationship compared to those with poor relationships and the childless. As the proportion of childless individuals continues to grow there will be ample research opportunities into their mental wellbeing.

Migration and re-migration of economically and socially marginalized Ethiopian women and girls has become a phenomenon. Based on interviews with 12 Ethiopian migrant women returned from the Middle East and the Gulf States, the primary aim of this thesis is to describe and study Ethiopian women migrants’ circular migration to the Middle East. I will mainly focus on how social dynamics in the family, gender relations and economic circumstances are intricate. The process of women’s migration and how the expectations of the family can be gender differentiated are discussed. Further, the migrant women’s power relation when class and ethnicity determine their position is discussed. Relations with the sending family and the issues related to the women who return, as well as problems affecting them at home and in the destination countries, are looked at. Various and complex issues of migration and the women’s roles are discussed with reference to the women’s experiences. Migration provides women with opportunities for social and economic mobility but can also subject them to ethnic discrimination, exploitation, and abuse. The movement is generally seen as voluntary labor migration and it has placed them in a vulnerable position both at home and abroad. Their migration is interconnected to the economic need but also the responsibilities they have towards their family and kin.

On 25th July 2008 to 4th November 2011 the Italian government activated a state of emergency due to the presence of ‘nomadic encampments’ throughout the nation, leading to the current urbanising plan named ‘The Nomad Plan’. The main objective of this plan is to transfer 6,000 Roma into 13 authorised camps monitored by guards and 24h video-cameras, located outside Rome's perimeter. The purpose of this research, based on field work conducted in Rome, Italy from January to March of 2013, is to understand the segregation of a group of ex-Yugoslavian Roma. To do so, the aim of the essay is to analyse the relationship between Roma and social cooperatives. The latter are brokers between Roma and government, being outsourced NGOs providing service to include Roma groups into society. Fieldwork was based on interviews and two months' participant observation in a volunteer social service agency located near a Roma settlement. Significant issues that emerged from the research are the strengthening of territorial struggle and control between Roma families prompted by policies geared towards the building of leadership. Moreover, the thesis argues that the reinforcement of segregation is mostly due to Roma dependence on service given inside settlements. Lastly, humanitarianism is likely to be the main framework guiding social cooperatives' practice and discourse on Roma people in Italy.

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Title: I can, I want and I take responsibility. Author: Nelum Berglund In my quantitative study in the spring of 2016, entitled ”Employeeship - what is it?”, it was shown that goal orientation and following guidelines, rules, policies and safety routines at the work place are some factors that effects the employeeship. Those who felt that working com- munity and cooperation are important parts of the employeeship were relatively few. There- fore, the purpose of this study became to investigate the employeeship with particular focus on which role working community and cooperation have in this process. The main focus of my study was to investigate which meaning community and cooperation have on development of employeeship and how employeeship is experienced by employees and managers at Vårdia. The study was performed as a case study were I used an open partially participation observat- ion as a data collection method. The empirical part of the survey was directed to a total of 37 individuals, of which one was a cheif exeutive officer, six managers and 30 employees. A total of 35 people were observed. Power to act, ability to communicate, cooperativeness, self- determination and occupational responsibility are the key factors in employeeship. The will to communicate is highly dependent upon the ability to communicate and the mana- gements power to act. When the ability to communicate is lacking, the willingness to cooperate and to take responsbility beyond what is their duty due to their proffession also vanishes according to the participants. The will to cooperate was increased when the indi- viduals could communicate in a constructive manner. How the cooperation restricts or enables the employeeship is entirely dependent on which ability the organisation has to create effici- ent forms for cooperation, common goals and the indivuduals ability to broaden or change their view of their roles as employees in the organisation. Key words: Employeeship, Employee, Organization, Community, Cooperation.

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