Global ETD Search

1	Lokföraren i förändring : En studie om ERTMS-implementeringens påverkan på arbetsrollen / The changing role of train drivers : A study on the impact of ERTMS implementation on the work role Larsson, Anton, Windus, Björn, Stålbrand, Filip January 2023 (has links) Implementeringen av ERTMS/ETCS har haft betydande inverkan på lokförarnas roll och arbetssituation. Denna studie undersöker konsekvenserna av ERTMS/ETCS gällande lokförarnas ansvar, grad av kontroll och den viktiga balansen mellan automation och mänsklig kompetens. Intervjuer med lokförare och branschexperter visade på en tydlig förändring från aktivt beslutsfattande och operativ kontroll till en mer passiv roll där lokförarna följer systemets instruktioner. Med ERTMS/ETCS har lokförarnas självständighet minskat, eftersom systemet kan ta över kontrollen om förarna avviker från systemets rekommendationer. Därmed förskjuts maktbalansen mot systemets fördel och minskar lokförarnas inflytande. För att upprätthålla en balans mellan bevarandet av lokförarnas kompetens och användningen av avancerade system övervägs en strategi där lokförarna utbildas som "Säkerhetsoperatörer". Faktorer såsom ljuskänslig display och dess positionering är tydliga tecken på att ERTMS/ETCS inte beaktat den sociala aspekten ur ett sociotekniskt perspektiv. / The implementation of ERTMS/ETCS has had a significant impact on the role and work situation of train drivers. This study examines the consequences of ERTMS/ETCS in terms of train drivers' responsibilities, level of control, and the crucial balance between automation and human competence. Interviews with train drivers and industry experts revealed a clear shift from active decision-making and operational control to a more passive role where train drivers follow the system's instructions. With ERTMS/ETCS, train drivers' autonomy has decreased as the system can take control if the drivers deviate from its recommendations. Consequently, the power dynamics shift in favor of the system, diminishing train drivers' influence. To maintain a balance between preserving train drivers' competence and utilizing advanced systems, a strategy is being considered to train train drivers as "Safety Operators." Factors such as the light-sensitive display and its positioning indicate that ERTMS/ETCS has not considered the social aspect from a socio-technical perspective. Train Driver ERTMS ETCS Automation Digitalization Role Change Human Factors Sociotechnical Perspective Work Roles Lokförare ERTMS ETCS Automation Digitalisering Rollförändring Human Factors Sociotekniskt perspektiv Arbetsroller Information Systems
2	Humans in the loop - Mapping the current critical debate on AI in the Information Systems discipline Du Rietz, Wibke Hannah January 2023 (has links) AI is a phenomenon that does not only manifest itself as a disruptive technology, but also entails a paradigmatic shift with conceivably unprecedented and unforeseeable consequences for society and the human condition. This technology with its components Big Data and Machine Learning/algorithms has evoked critical reactions because of ethical concerns that follow on the backwash of its ubiquitous and ever more expanding use. Whose voices are presently raised and what contributions can actually be expected from the information systems (IS) discipline – an academic field that is prone to scrutinize phenomena that emerge when the social and technological system interact? By reviewing a systematically defined selection of the latest IS research literature and analyzing the critical perspectives, this study displays current themes in the IS discipline concerning critique of AI. The accumulation and clustering of the results can provide an answer to the question of what themes appear in the critique of AI in the IS discipline and whether a critical standpoint towards detrimental effects of AI use in society is formed. Social critique, which has no longstanding tradition in IS research, would be necessary to succeed in offering a well-informed and science-based guidance on how to face AI as a society and with the human condition as a focal point. AI algorithm ethics epistemology metatheory IS research sociotechnical perspective research paradigm critical research literature review content analysis thematic analysis abduction abductive approach socioanalysis Bourdieu Information Systems, Social aspects
3	Folkbibliotekariers syn på och relation till folkbibliotekens arbete med digitala tjänster gentemot personer med synnedsättning : En kvalitativ intervjustudie om begreppet digitala tjänster i en bibliotekskontext / Public librarians' views on and relation to public libraries' work with digital services towards people with visual impairments. : A qualitative interview study on the concept of digital services in a library context Bengtsson, Jenny January 2023 (has links) For a person who has been diagnosed with a disability at some point in their life, their ability to be an active democratic citizen in our information society changes. This thesis examines what kind of challenges the Swedish public libraries and librarians faces in their day-to-day work connected to the specific group of users with vision-related disabilities and discusses and analyze public librarians' perception of what digital skills means to them. In the combination of people with visual impairments and their digital needs and competence development and on the actual conditions and challenges existing at the Swedish public libraries regarding digital services for people with visual impairments, the study identifies several challenges for both parties. The study results present an insecurity among librarians regarding the expectations to adjust and help with digital guidance, when they still are feeling insecure about what kind of digital competence expects of them. During the qualitative interviews, a shared experience of anxiety, uncertainty, and an uneven level among the library staff regarding basic digital competences and where the "boundary" is revealed. The uneven level of digital competence is highlighted as problematic, as the patrons are assumed to be treated differently on repeated visits to the public library. The study identifies several challenges that would further encourage both the individual, the profession, the institution as well as society and research to study further. New knowledge in a library context has been identified and needs to be studied in a broader and more comprehensive research study. Digital services public libraries digital service work priority groups visual impairment visual impairment librarians accessibility democratic mission sociotechnical perspective new institutional theory pragmatic legitimacy cognitive legitimacy Digitala tjänster folkbibliotek prioriterade grupper synskada synnedsättning bibliotekarier tillgänglighet demokratiskt uppdrag sociotekniskt perspektiv nyinstitutionell teori pragmatisk legitimitet kognitiv legitimitet Information Studies Biblioteks- och informationsvetenskap
4	The autonomous crewmate : A sociotechnical perspective to implementation of autonomous vehicles in sea rescue Lundblad, Oscar January 2020 (has links) The usage of autonomous vehicles is starting to appear in several different domains and the domain of public safety is no exception. Wallenberg Artificial Intelligence, Autonomous Systems and Software Program (WASP) has created a research arena for public safety (WARA-PS) to explore experimental features, usages, and implementation of autonomous vehicles within the domain of public safety. Collaborating in the arena are several companies, universities, and researchers. This thesis examines, in collaboration with Combitech, a company partnered in WARA-PS, how the implementation of autonomous vehicles affects the sociotechnical system of a search and rescue operation during a drifting boat with potential castaways. This is done by creating a case together with domain experts, analyzing the sociotechnical system within the case using cognitive work analysis and then complementing the analyses with the unmanned autonomous vehicles of WARA-PS. This thesis has shown how the WARA-PS vehicles can be implemented in the case of a drifting boat with potential castaways and how the implementation affects the sociotechnical system. Based on the analyses and opinions of domain experts’ future guidelines has been derived to further the work with sociotechnical aspects in WARA-PS. / WARA-PS Human autonomy collaboration Public safety Sea rescue SSRS Emergency services Autonomous vehicles Unmanned aerial vehicle Unmanned Surface Vehicle uav usv SAR Human machine interaction HMI Sociotechnical systems cognitive work analysis CWA sociotechnical perspective implementation drone quadcopter boat rescue at sea case novel technology appropriate technology thematic analysis WASP Maritime swedish sea rescue uxv Human Computer Interaction Information Systems

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