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Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-10T10:44:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 BEATRIZ IOLANDA PEIXOTO DE FREITAS.pdf: 760613 bytes, checksum: 6b27c7ff153bcd7af88cfe9656042066 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-08-31 / The CEASA, of Goiás, located in the city of Goiânia, has a lot of problems with the large quantity of food that is wasted inside its prencises. Lots of vegetables and fruits that can be used are going to the garbage can every day. This problem means a catastrophy to the local economy, specially to the society: beggars come to collect the fruits and vegetables that are in good conditions. In this academic works auctor, I studied the wasted food in the Central of Supply of Goiás and a possible consumer to the processed product that is made of oddment fruits and vegetables. Three researchs were made to check some solutions for that problem. The first one was made in the Central to check the quantity of food that was been wasted. The second one was about the opinion of the employees; they talked about their ideas and solutions for the problem. The last one, made in four institutions, makes an evaluatian if the alternative would have the popular approbation by questionnaires, presentations and movies. The results showed that there is a lot of factors show points to a solution that can be easily implanted and the possible consumers approved the proposition. It was concluded that the processed food is an interesting alternative and could resolve the problem of wasting food and decrease the costs of food for the social institutions. / A Central de Abastecimento de Goiás situada no Município de Goiânia, enfrenta atualmente muitos problemas com a grande quantidade de alimentos desperdiçada dentro de seus domínios. Quantidades estas potencialmente aproveitáveis, que são enviadas para o lixo todos os dias. Este problema gera conseqüências desastrosas para a economia e principalmente para a sociedade; visto que, um grande número de catadores de lixo se aglomera para coletar estas frutas e hortaliças que ainda encontram-se em condições de aproveitamento. Este trabalho estudou e pesquisou à respeito do desperdício de alimentos na Central de Abastecimento de Goiás, de possíveis consumidores para um produto processado à base de sobras de frutas e hortaliças. Foram efetuadas três pesquisas de campo que objetivaram verificar algumas alternativas para o problema. A primeira pesquisa foi realizada na própria Central de Abastecimento de Goiás para verificação da quantidade de alimento que era descartado todos os dias, a segunda pesquisa foi uma pesquisa de opinião em que os funcionários administrativos do expuseram suas idéias à respeito da melhor forma de solução para o problema e a terceira pesquisa de campo, realizada em quatro instituições avaliou se a alternativa apresentada teria aprovação popular através de questionários, palestras e a apresentação de um filme. O trabalho mostrou que existem muitos fatores facilitadores da implementação da proposta. Os resultados demonstram que a possibilidade de implantação é grande e que os possíveis consumidores se mostraram propensos a consumir o alimento processado à base de sobras. Conclui-se desta forma que o alimento processado à base de sobras é uma alternativa interessante e poderá resolver o problema do desperdício de alimentos na Central de Abastecimento de Goiás, diminuindo os custos com alimentação para instituições.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T18:12:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcelo Hailer Sanchez.pdf: 608465 bytes, checksum: 6433e6cc6f96b3bcb32817c3de552b6d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-04-29 / This research aims to analyze the construction of gay characters in narratives displayed in the range night Globo. This is to demonstrate how are strongly marked by heteronormativity, understood as the organization of male sexuality, and how the privilege of this standard becomes invisible even homosexuality in the novels overall. We hypothesized that, unlike what happens with heterosexuality, which organizes homosexuality as an opposite, heteronormativity does not include opposition or heteronomy. The gay characters as discursive device to strengthen the rules of the Matrix heteronormative. The research corpus comprises the novels America (2006), Two Faces (2007/08), Tropical Paradise (2007) and Foolish Heart (2011), to be examined from the angle of its forward or backward in relation to the representation of the body dissident gay. The base of theoretical studies of Michel Foucault about the construction of normative discourses and scholars of communication within the cultural industry such as Edgard Morin and Theodor Adorno. The methodology used and the historical survey decoupage dialog / Esta pesquisa propõe analisar a construção de personagens gays em narrativas teledramatúrgicas exibidas na faixa noturna da Rede Globo. Trata-se de demonstrar como são fortemente marcadas pela heteronormatividade, entendida como a organização masculina da sexualidade, e como o privilégio desta norma ainda torna invisível a homossexualidade nas novelas globais. Trabalhamos com a hipótese de que, diferentemente do que acontece com a heterossexualidade, que organiza a homossexualidade como um oposto, a heteronormatividade não contempla oposição ou heteronímia. Ou seja, as personagens gays enquanto dispositivo discursivo para fortalecer as normas da Matriz Heteronormativa. O corpus da pesquisa compreende as novelas América (2006), Duas Caras (2007/08), Paraíso Tropical (2007) e Insensato Coração (2011), a serem examinadas do ângulo de seu avanço ou retrocesso em relação à representação do corpo dissidente do gay. Utilizamos como base teórica os estudos de Michel Foucault a respeito da construção dos discursos normativos e com os estudiosos da comunicação no âmbito da indústria cultural, tais como Edgard Morin e Theodor Adorno. Como metodologia, utilizamos o levantamento histórico e a decupagem de diálogo

La migraine constitue un problème de santé publique ayant un impact négatif majeur dans la vie quotidienne des patients. Douze pour cent de la population mondiale souffre de migraine et son coût est évalué à 18 milliards d'euros par an dans la communauté européenne. La fréquence des crises peut augmenter au cours du temps chez certains migraineux, faisant ainsi évoluer une migraine épisodique (0 à 14 jours de crises par mois) en migraine chronique (plus de 15 jours de crises par mois). Ce processus est qualifié de transformation de la migraine. La fréquence des crises semble être un facteur important dans ce processus. Utilisant des approches comportementales, électrophysiologiques, immunohistologiques(expression de la protéine Fos), nous avons identifié une partie des mécanismes neurobiologiques impliqués dans la transformation des céphalées. En effet, en développant un modèle animal de stimulation chimique répétée des méninges nous avons évalué (1) le rôle de l'intensité et de lafréquence sur la sensibilité cutanée (2) la sensibilisation des neurones de la corne dorsale spinale et trigéminale (3) l'efficacité du traitement de fond de référence de la crise, le propranolol (4) l’implication du tronc cérébral (le locus coeruleus (LC) et la substance grise periacqueducale (PAG)) dans la sensibilisation des neurones trigéminaux et spinaux (5) l'implication du LC dans les modifications de la sensibilité cutanée induite par la stimulation chimique des méninges. Notre étude comportementale révèle que la topographie (céphalique et/ou extracéphalique) et la nature (statique ou dynamique) de l'allodynie induite par la stimulation chimique des méninges est sous l'influence de deux facteurs : l'intensité et la fréquence de la stimulation, qui peuvent entraîner sa persistance. Nos études électrophysiologiques et comportementales confirment que l'allodynie cutanée céphalique et extracéphalique est le reflet de la sensibilisation des neurones trigéminaux cervicaux et spinaux, qui peut devenir persistante. Le propranolol, permet de prévenir la modification de la sensibilité cutanée ainsi que l'altération de l'activité des neurones trigéminaux et spinaux. Nous avons également observé la sensibilisation de deux structures du tronc cérébral : la PAG et la PAG qui se traduisent par une altération persistante des CIDN. Cependant le propranolol semble prévenir l'altération de tous ces phénomènes via l'inhibition d'une seule structure le LC et non la PAG. En effet, nos microinjections de propranolol dans le LC permettent de prévenir toutes les modifications induites par la stimulation chimique des méninges. En conclusion ces résultats suggèrent que la fréquence et l'intensité des crises de migraine sont deux facteurs de risque endogène de transformation des céphalées. Un marqueur de cettetransformation est l'allodynie, qui est le reflet clinique de la sensibilisation centrale des neurones de la corne dorsale. Cette sensibilisation centrale est due à l'arrivée directe d'information provenant des méninges mais également à une altération de l'activité neuronale du LC. Nous pouvons également dire que le propranolol constitue un excellent choix dans le traitement de la crise migraineuse étant donné qu'il prévient toutes les modifications induites par la stimulation chimique des méninges et qu'il agit via le LC. / Migraine is a public health problem having a major negative impact on the daily lives of patients. Twelve percent of the world population suffers from migraine and its cost is estimated at $ 18 billion per year in the European Community. The frequency of attacks may increase over time in some migraineurs, thus evolve episodic migraine (0-14 days crises by month) in chronic migraine (more than 15 days of attacks by month). This process is called transformation of migraine. Frequency of headache attacks at baseline appears to be an important risk factor for this process. Using behavioral electrophysiological, and immunohistochemical (expression of Fos protein) approaches, we have identified some of the neurobiological mechanisms involved in the transformation of migraine. Indeed, developing an animal model of repeated chemical stimulation of the dura, we evaluated (1) the role of the intensity and frequency of chemical stimulation (crisis) on skin sensitivity (2) sensitization of second order trigeminal and spinal neurons (3) the effectiveness of font treatment reference of the crisis, propranolol (4) the involvement of the brainstem (locus coeruleus (LC) and periacqueductal grey matter (PAG)) in the sensitization of trigeminal and spinal neurons and (5) the involvement of LC changes in skin sensitivity induced by chemical stimulation of the dura. Our behavioral study reveals that topography (cephalic and / or extracephalic) and nature (static or dynamic) of allodynia induced by chemical stimulation of the dura is under the influence of two factors: intensity and frequency of stimulation, which may lead to its persistence. Our electrophysiological and behavioral studies confirm that the cephalic and extracephalic cutaneous allodynia reflects awareness of trigeminal and spinal neurons, respectively, which may become persistent. Propranolol permits to prevent changes in cutaneous allodynia, and trigeminal and spinal sensitization. We also observed the awareness of two brainstem structures: the PAG and LC which result in a persistent alteration of DNIC. However propranolol appears to prevent the alteration of these phenomena via inhibition of a single structure LC and not the PAG. Indeed, our microinjection of propranolol in the LC can prevent any changes induced by chemical stimulation of the dura. In conclusion these results suggest that the frequency and intensity of migraine attacks are two endogenous risk factors of migraine transformation. A marker of transformation is allodynia, which is the clinical expression of central sensitization of the dorsal horn neurons. This central sensitization is due to the direct arrival of information from the dura but also to an alteration of neuronal activity in LC. Based on these findings, one can suggest that patients with frequent and/or severe migraine attacks take as early as possible a migraine prophylactic treatment. This treatment should prevent the cumulative adverse functional consequences on the central nervous system of the activation of dural nociceptors.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-19T12:56:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maira Silva Ferreira.pdf: 1765527 bytes, checksum: 00c09af66f2675bd1c5d8e150676d2d3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-07-07 / The use of vegetal oils as fuels presents advantages with respect to oil derivatives, mainly for being a renewable energy source and for not generating toxic gases during the burning, consequently reducing the emission of noxious gases into the atmosphere. Some disadvantages, such as its high viscosity and low volatileness, had turned improper the use of this raw material in diesel engines. As to remedy such problems, alternatives like transesterification processes, pyrolysis and microemulsion of the vegetal oils are being performed. Micro-emulsions are isotropic systems formed by mixtures of organic and inorganic phases and, as fuels, they present advantages related with the use of renewable sources, the reduction of viscosity and soot, with consequent reduction of gas emissions. The aim of this work was to formulate and to develop fuels in microemulsioned systems with raw material (vegetal oils and derivatives) original from the State of the Maranhão. In the assessed microemulsions, it was shown that properties such as viscosity, specific mass, corrosivity, amongst others, vary in accordance with the microemulsion composition, in particular, lesser viscosities are obtained with bigger water contents. By using biomass produced in the State of the Maranhão, such as babaçu and soy oils, babaçu-nut soap and biodiesel produced from babaçu and soy, it was possible to obtain a micro-emulsion able to attain the potential to attend the requirements for its use as fuel. Preliminary results showed that all systems can attend the specifications for their use as combustibles, and that the microemulsion consisting of water/biodiesel from babaçu-nut ethyl/soup babaçu/ethyl alcohol at C/T=10 ratio, appeared as the best system, once it presented viscosity and corrosivity with respect to copper close to the acceptable limit for diesel, still not presenting sulphur traces, besides showing complete combustion, i.e., not producing residues after thermal degradation. / O emprego de óleos vegetais como combustível apresenta vantagens frente aos derivados de petróleo, principalmente por ser uma fonte de energia renovável e sua queima gera quantidades mínimas de gases tóxicos, reduzindo conseqüentemente as emissões na atmosfera. Algumas desvantagens tornaram o uso desta matériaprima imprópria em motores a diesel, tais como sua alta viscosidade e baixa volatilidade. Alternativas para contornar tais problemas vêm sendo realizadas, como, por exemplo, o uso de processos de transesterificação e pirólise do óleo vegetal e sua microemulsificação. Microemulsões constituem sistemas isotrópicos formados por misturas de uma fase orgânica e uma fase inorgânica e, como combustíveis possuem vantagens relacionadas com a utilização de fontes renováveis, a diminuição da viscosidade e a redução na fuligem com conseqüente diminuição da emissão de gases. O objetivo deste trabalho foi de formular e desenvolver combustíveis em sistemas microemulsionados utilizando matéria-prima do Estado do Maranhão (óleos vegetais e derivados). Nas microemulsões avaliadas mostrou-se que propriedades como viscosidade, massa específica, corrossividade, dentre outras, variam com a composição da microemulsão, particularmente, viscosidades menores são obtidas com maiores teores de água. Com o emprego de biomassa produzida no Estado do Maranhão, tais como, óleo de babaçu e soja, sabão de coco babaçu, e biodiesel de babaçu e soja, foi possível a obtenção de microemulsões com potencial para atender os requisitos de utilização como combustível. Os resultados mostraram, em princípio, que todos os sistemas podem vir a atender as especificações de uso como combustíveis e que a microemulsão constituída de água/biodiesel de babaçu etílico/sabão de coco babaçu/etanol na razão C/T=10, apresentou-se como melhor sistema, por ter uma viscosidade e corrosividade ao cobre, próxima do limite aceitável para diesel, e ainda não apresentar traços de enxofre, e ter uma combustão completa, ou seja, não produzindo resíduos após degradação térmica.

This thesis deals with the business plan. Intended business plan is to open a soup bar in a small French mountain town Chamonix Mont-Blanc. This business plan will serve primarily for internal purposes to identify the feasibility of the business idea. The thesis is divided into theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part first describes the typology of enterprises in France, then focuses on French tax system and social and health security system. The theoretical part also includes theory for processing the buiness plan, which is then applied in the practical part. The practical part deals with the specific business plan of the soup bar Le Nouveau Papillon. Important components of this business plan is a description of the business idea, analysis of the business environment and competition, financial plan and financial analysis, evaluating the effectiveness of investment and SWOT analysis.

The objective of this study is to develop a market sentiment model for financial markets using machine learning, and to illustrate these methods using commodity price data. A market sentiment model may capture the fundamental and crowd psychology of the market, through a variable that uses positive and negative words and phrases. The commodity price used is the daily price of the spot crude oil exchange-traded fund (ETF), United States Oil Fund (USO). The forecasting power of the market sentiment model is compared with a traditional autoregressive model. The results showed that the autoregressive models did not have significant forecasting power for the oil data over the time period examined and the addition of the sentiment model did not improve the forecasting power. Machine learning is a relatively new forecasting method. Therefore, further research on this topic is needed before any firm conclusions can be drawn regarding the effectiveness of this approach. / February 2017