Conceptual tools of spatial planning and its specifics in specially protected areas in Šumava The thesis concerns with the relation between nature and landscape protection and spatial planning in Šumava. In Šumava we find Czech biggest national park and the whole area is protected with some other territorial protection tools of landscape and nature. Simultaneously we find in Šumava a large number of villages some of them located in the most strictly protected areas. In 2017 an amendment to the act no. 114/1992 Coll., on nature and landscape protection, was approved. The thesis was created at the turn of 2019 and 2020 when some territorial protection tools, such as quiet zones in national park, national park management plans and national parks zoning systems were redefined based on the 2017 amendment. This amendment has changed significantly the protection tools of landscape and nature and strengthen its role in the national parks. The mayors of municipalities were outright against the amendment and argued that as a result of this amendment the development of the villages would be limited. The thesis concerns with specifics of conceptual tools of spatial planning in Šumava, i. e. how the villages are limited in its territorial development by the existence of specially protected areas, also...

Sedan barnkonventionen blev lag i Sverige år 2020 ska barnens rättigheter i samhälletstärkas, vilket omfattas inom den fysiska planeringen. Denna uppsats ämnar till att undersökahur barnperspektivet hanteras inom kommuner, för att skapa en tydligare bild harNorrköpings och Motalas kommun användas för analys. Kvalitativa intervjuer medrepresentanter har genomförts och ska tillsammans med dokumentgranskning av kommunalaplaner stå till grund för jämförelse av kommunernas arbete med barnperspektivet. Resultatethar visat att barnkonventionen till viss del har stärkt barnens rättigheter inom den kommunalaplaneringen, men också att olika aspekter så som resursbrist och målkonflikter bidrar till attperspektivet inte helt inkluderas inom planeringen, utan i många fall bortprioriteras. Dettasker trots att retoriken kring barnperspektivet visar sig vara stark, då kommunerna själva ochdess representanter beskriver barnperspektivet som viktigt. Tydligare riktlinjer, mallar ochändrade prioriteringar behövs för att helt implementera barnperspektivet. / Since the Convention on the Rights of the Child became law in Sweden in 2020, the rights ofchildren have been strengthened, including in spatial planning. This essay will examine howthe child perspective is handled, the municipalities of Norrköping and Motala have been usedfor in depth analysis. Qualitative interviews with representatives have been conducted, andtogether with documents of municipal plans, they have formed the basis for comparing themunicipalities' working methods. The results have shown that the Convention has to someextent strengthened children's rights, but also aspects such as lack of resources and conflictsof goals contribute to the perspective being deprioritized. This is despite the fact that therhetoric is strong, as the municipalities and their representatives describe it as important.Clearer guidelines and changed priorities are needed to implement the children's rights.

Sustainable urban development is emerging out as tool to tackle climate change with a big difference mark. With cities acting as emitters of huge chunks of GHG gases, voices from all corners are intensifying pressure to mend the current urban development model and help find a solution. Several UN conferences fuelled the debate to include local people living in cities and held them accountable for their living behaviour towards the natural environment, and help change the existing unsustainable living patterns or practices which already exist in society. Since, it is the humans for whom these technological solutions have been provided, therefore, it becomes important how the humans themselves thinks while adapting or rejecting any sustainable solutions in their daily lives. The role of spatial planning becomes important here, because it involves all round planning which influences their daily living behaviour, considering individual as the ‘bearer’ of its ‘final outcome’. This thesis will help explore human dimensions in the sustainability debate, thoroughly arguing the factors humans consider in their daily lives, while making a new choice between sustainable and unsustainable practices which is introduced by the spatial planning around them. The study also helps to understand that regardless of individual negotiations, how residents motivated to adapt sustainable measures in their lives. This is being done by undertaking two theoretical viewpoints, the social-practice theory and the structure-agency theory.  Social-practice theory helped understand how daily living practices of the residents in Hammarby Sjöstad are related with spatial planning. This relationship between practices and spatial planning involves several rounds of negotiations between individuals and their existing daily routines, before a final choice is made. This second concept is understood through structure-agency theory. The case under study for this thesis is Hammarby Sjöstad, a district located in the south of Stockholm city in Sweden, which is being projected as a model for sustainable urban development. The data for the study was collected through qualitative research method, conducting interviews of the residents in Hammarby Sjöstad. The interviews conducted for the study found out that public transport, waste recycling and open spaces emerged as one of the most effective and efficient spatial planning in Hammarby Sjöstad, according to the respondents. The study also highlights individual cases where respondents have given specific reasons for making particular decisions, highlighting the individual negotiations.

Flooding is already an issue that occurs from time to time. With climate changes the frequency of floods that occur due to heavy rainfall will most likely increase. Sweden is no exception and cities in Sweden have been victims of heavy rainfall events and floods. This leads to a need of climate change adaptation in municipalities. The municipalities in Sweden have monopoly on planning and are therefore utterly responsible to plan and adapt to climate changes. Planning can both be to prevent flooding from occurring but also to adapt the municipality to floods, in other words, when a flooding occur the consequences and damage will be minimized. The method used in this research was literature review. The research studied municipalities responsibilities connected to the flooding issue but also advice and recommendations from other authorities, as well as what measures municipalities can take to avoid flooding or minimize the consequences. The research also includes a short case study of Umeå municipality to study their work on the issue. The results mainly show that it is important to plan for flooding early in the planning process. However, the continuously work in every stage in the planning process to adapt to flooding or minimize the consequences of them is important. This research showed that it is a lack of adaptation for flooding in Umeå municipality.

Despite the value of public spaces for creating greater social cohesiveness, they risk not being prioritized in urban planning. This thesis aims to investigate the role of public spaces for a social sustainable urban development, focusing on equality in Linköping. The research questions concern the municipality's work, qualities and challenges regarding equal public places. Previous research highlights social sustainability based on equality and problems surrounding planning of public places. The study is based on qualitative interviews, with a politician and employees at the planning department of Linköping, and a supplementary document analysis. The results highlight the municipality's work with equal public spaces and a lack of evaluation methods. Accessibility, security and multifunctionality are important in the design of equal public places. The challenges are densification, privatization and conflicts of interest. It can be stated that Linköping’s work with the issue is reflected in previous research. However, there are development opportunities regarding citizen dialogue, evaluation methods for equal meeting places and better definitions of goals and concepts. / Offentliga mötesplatsers riskerar att bortprioriteras i den fysiska planeringen, trots sitt värde för den sociala sammanhållningen i staden. Uppsatsens syfte är att undersöka offentliga mötesplatsers roll för en socialt hållbar stadsutveckling med fokus på jämlikhet i Linköpings kommun. Frågeställningarna berör kommunens arbete, kvaliteter samt utmaningar gällande jämlika mötesplatser. Tidigare forskning lyfter främst upp social hållbarhet utifrån jämlikhet samt problematiken kring planering av offentliga mötesplatser. Frågeställningarna besvaras genom kvalitativa intervjuer med en politiker och tre tjänstepersoner från Linköpings kommun, samt en kompletterande dokumentanalys. Resultatet redovisar kommunens arbete med jämlika mötesplatser samt en brist på utvärderingsmetoder. Tillgänglighet, tillhörighet, trygghet samt mångfunktionalitet är viktiga vid utformningen av jämlika mötesplatser. Utmaningarna som betonas är förtätning, privatisering samt intressekonflikter. Det går att konstatera att den tidigare forskningen återfinns i Linköpings kommuns arbete med frågan. Dock finns det utvecklingsmöjligheter gällande medborgardialog, utvärderingsmetoder för jämlika mötesplatser samt bättre definitioner av mål och begrepp.

The diploma thesis deals with the evaluation of investment with regard to the development of the territory. The theoretical part focuses on investment evaluation, spatial planning and the conclusion is devoted to territorial development. The practical part discusses two variants of investment in the preparation of areas for housing in the town of Holešov. In the first, the investor is the city of Holešov, in the second is the developer. The conclusion of the practical part connects the mentioned investment with the development of the territory.

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This master thesis in human geography explores how neighborhoods are represented and perceived on the popular social media platform Instagram. By analyzing user-generated content, both visually and textually, this study aims to uncover the predominant themes, characteristics, and subjective perspectives associated with neighborhood representation on Instagram. Through a systematic analysis of the content shared by Instagram users, the research identifies recurring themes, visual motifs, and distinguishing features that emerge when portraying and expressing experiences of different neighborhoods using topic modelling and sentiment analysis in Orange. The study specifically focuses on Umeå, allowing for a deeper understanding of how Instagram users perceive and portray the various neighborhoods within the city. The findings of this research hold potential implications for urban planning practices, as they shed light on the factors influencing neighborhood representation on Instagram and their relevance to decision-making processes related to urban development, community engagement, and social well-being. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the interplay between social media and neighborhood representation.

The connection between the built environment and physical activity has gained newfound attention. Plenty of research and several administrations highlight that how we plan our environments can nudge more people into active living. In Sweden, the act of planning in ways that promote physical activity has been on the agenda a few decades and many local administrations include this perspective in their spatial policies. This intrigues that spatial measures that promote physical activity should be well-known for Swedish planning officials, in addition to being noticeable in the built environment. However, there is often a considerable gap from accepted policies to applied practices as strategic spatial planning and especially the act of implementation are challenging. This thesis sheds light on how accepted spatial policies that promote physical activity have been considered and implemented in the built environment of Katrineholm. Results have been achieved by studying spatial policies, conducting in-depth interviews with planning officials and by analyzing the material thematically via the SPlaMI-framework. The results emphasize that the weakness of policy documents was a reoccurring challenge in the implementation-phase. Further, different actors, so called policy entrepreneurs, was pivotal for the outcomes and connected legal framework also played a crucial role. A surprising finding was that no cooperation between health experts and the planning department had been present, although these types of partnerships are highlighted in previous research. Finally, the absence of evaluation also presented a concern for further advancements.

Samråd som del i detaljplanerprocessen tillkom med plan- och bygglagen (1987:10) som idag benämns äldre plan- och bygglag. Engagemanget hos allmänheten hade växt sig starkare under 1960- och 1970-talet då det byggdes mycket och i snabb takt. Samrådet var ett sätt att engagera allmänheten i planering av områden för att kunna skapa mer hållbara projekt och förstärka allmänhetens inflytande i planering. Utöver det lagstadgade samrådet kan kommuner arbeta med tidiga dialoger för att ytterliga samla information och ge möjlighet till inflytande hos allmänheten. Samrådet och processen som helhet har fått kritik för att inte vara tillräckligt demokratisk och det har varit svårt att veta när dialoger ska ske för att ge bästa möjliga effekt. Syftet med kandidatuppsatsen är att undersöka när samråd och dialoger bör äga rum och varför de bör äga rum vid den tidpunkten. Jag undersökte också hur samråd och dialoger bör genomföras för att bidra till en effektiv och hållbar detaljplaneringsprocess.  Först har litteraturstudie genomförts för att efter relevanta teoretiska ramverk ta reda på vad som sagts i tidigare utredningar och studier. Där har det visat sig att samråd och dialoger är nödvändigt för att öka inflytande och minska missnöje bland medborgare. Dialogerna bör föras kontinuerligt genom processen för att förhindra fel som i ett senare skede tar mycket längre tid. Följt av litteraturstudien genomfördes en kvalitativ undersökning i form av intervjuer med semistrukturerade frågor ställda till kommuntjänstemän. Av undersökningen framgick en ytterligare anledning till att samråd och dialoger är viktigt, vilket är kunskapsinhämtning. Tiden för dialogerna varierar mycket från olika projekt, men det är viktigt att informera om varför dialogen förs.   Slutsatsen jag kan dra utifrån studien är således att samråd och dialoger behövs för att medborgare ska ha inflytande över sin omgivning och för att minska missnöje. Dialogerna bör hållas kontinuerligt med rätt information vid dialogerna och det ska göras klart vad som är syftet med dialogerna. Kommunerna bör använda sig mer av planprogram för att inleda detaljplaneprocessen med en tidig dialog och detaljplaner kan i större utsträckning gå ut på samråd innan de är färdigställda med en längre samrådstid. / Consultation as part of the detailed planning process was introduced with the Planning and Building Act (1987:10), which is now referred to as the older Planning and Building Act. Public engagement had grown stronger during the 1960s and 1970s when there was a lot of construction happening at a rapid pace. Consultation was a way to involve the public in the planning of areas in order to create more sustainable projects and increase public influence in the planning process. In addition to the statutory consultation, municipalities can engage in early dialogues to gather more information and provide opportunities for public influence. The consultation and the overall process have been criticized for not being sufficiently democratic, and it has been difficult to determine when dialogues should take place to achieve the best possible effect. The purpose of the bachelor's thesis is to investigate when consultations and dialogues should take place and why they should take place at that time. I did also investigate how consultation and dialogs should be done in order to contribute to an effective and sustainable detailed planned process.  First, a literature review was conducted to identify relevant theoretical frameworks and find out what has been said in previous investigations and studies. It has been found that consultations and dialogues are necessary to increase influence and reduce dissatisfaction among citizens. The dialogues should be conducted continuously throughout the process to prevent errors that would take much longer to address at a later stage. Following the literature review, a qualitative study was conducted in the form of interviews with semi-structured questions addressed to municipal officials. The study revealed another reason for consultations and dialogues, which is knowledge acquisition. The timing of the dialogues varies greatly across different projects, but it is important to inform why the dialogue is being held.   The conclusion I can draw from the study is thus that consultation and dialogues are necessary for citizens to have influence over their environment and to reduce dissatisfaction. The dialogues should be held continuously with the right information provided, and the purpose of the dialogues should be made clear. Municipalities should make greater use of planning programs to initiate the detailed planning process with an early dialogue, and detailed plans can be subjected to consultation to a greater extent before they are finalized, with an extended consultation period.