Appréhender l’organisation spatiale d’un territoire urbain ou périurbain génère un vaste champ de questionnements concernant la distribution et les propriétés du bâti, du parcellaire et des voies de circulation, et les interrelations de cet ensemble d’objets géographiques avec les usages de la cité. Cette thèse a pour objectif de proposer un modèle de représentation et de quantifier la structuration d’un tel espace afin de mieux en appréhender les usages. Cette démarche de modélisation repose sur la caractérisation des relations spatiales existantes entre les éléments remarquables identifiés. Afin de prendre en compte les entités d’un tel territoire et les relations spatiales qui les caractérisent, nous caractérisons un modèle de graphe où les noeuds représentent respectivement les bâtiments, les parcelles, et les routes, et les arcs correspondent aux relations topologiques de connexion, adjacence ou intersection, de ces éléments. Afin de quantifier les propriétés d’un territoire, une mesure de centralité du bâti, une mesure de connectivité locale du bâti, une mesure de densité du bâti et une mesure de la compacité du réseau de circulation sont proposées et formalisées. Ces mesures sont adaptables aux contextes ruraux, périurbains et urbains grâce aux paramètres permettant d’ajuster l’échelle d’observation et d’analyse. Le modèle et les mesures proposés sont implémentés dans le Système de Gestion de Bases de Données relationnel PostgreSQL avec prise en compte de l’extension spatiale PostGIS pour des applications grand public. L’application sur un cas d’étude, la commune de Guissény, tend à rendre opérationnel le modèle de graphe proposé et permet d’examiner les capacités d’analyse de la structuration spatiale de chaque mesure identifiée. / Understanding the spatial organization of a given territory generates a wide range of urban planning and research issues such as the distribution and properties of buildings, parcels and roads, and the relevance of it in terms of uses. The research developed by this thesis model the structuring of space, this being one of the first steps towards a better characterization, study, interpretation and simulation of the evolution of such objects.The structuring of space relies on the characterization of the spatial relationships between remarkable elements: buildings, parcels and road networks. Since existing models do not combine these elements, this thesis proposes a graph model that integrates all of them. The nodes represent buildings, parcels, and roads respectively, and the arcs correspond to the topological connection relationships, adjacency or intersection, of these elements.In order to quantify the properties that emerges from a given territory, a building centrality measure, a building local connectivity measure, a building density measure and a road network compactness measure have been proposed and formalized. These measures adapt to the rural, peri-urban and urban contexts thanks to the parameters that allow to adjust, scale of observation, and analysis. The model and measures proposed are implemented in the relational database management system PostgreSQL with PostGIS extension. The application on a case study, the village of Guisseny, makes the proposed graph model operational and allows to examine the spatial structuring analytical capacities of each measure.

The diploma thesis focuses on systems of territorial and spatial planning in the Czech Republic and Germany. The aim of the thesis is to identify the similarities and differences in the systems and to show them on particular spatial plans of two cities of these countries. The theoretical part of the thesis is focused on defining of basic terms such as territorial and spatial planning and sustainable development. It outlines the concept of territorial planning in the European Union. The practical part deals with territorial and spatial planning in the Czech Republic at the example of the city Hradec Králové and in Germany at the example of the city Regensburg. Within the practical part of the thesis the comparison of systems of territorial and spatial planning of both countries and the comparison of particular spatial plans of two cities is carried. The theoretical and practical parts are logically related. The thesis brings the information about functions of spatial planning in Bavaria to the Czech environment. It reveals the key differences in these systems, in both general and specific level. The thesis may show surprisingly high number of similar signs in the systems of both countries.

La région Souss Massa Drâa fait l'objet d'une première expérience d'aménagement touristique du territoire durant les années 1970. Cet aménagement repositionne l'espace de cette région, jusque-là pauvre en activités économiques, par rapport à une logique de marché et de rentabilité des investissements et non pas par rapport à un souci d'aménagement touristique équilibré du territoire, qui prend en considération les différentes potentialités qu'offre le Sud du pays. Il en résulte que les efforts d'aménagement se concentrent dans les zones balnéaires pour répondre à une demande de tourisme de masse, toujours de plus en plus excédentaire de l'offre. Cette situation ouvre largement les portes aux spéculations. foncières et financières qui prolifèrent un peu partout, obligeant l'État à introduire une législation de plus en plus hostile à l'égard d'un secteur privé qui souffre déjà des séquelles de la crise économique, et des formations-recompositions qui résultent du programme d'ajustement structurel, de la politique de privatisation et de la suppression des avantages octroyés au secteur touristique. L'objectif premier de ce travail de recherche est d'analyser et d'évaluer les politiques et les systèmes d'organisation qui sont mis en place et qui sont responsables des difficultés de développement du secteur touristique au niveau de la région Souss Massa Drâa. La radioscopie du tourisme au niveau de ce territoire durant les quatre dernières décennies s'avère un passage obligé pour l'analyse et l'appréhension des voies et des moyens de faire de ce secteur un pilier de développement économique de ce territoire. / The Souss Massa Drâa region witnessed the first experience in territory touristic development during the 1970's. This development repositioned the space of this region, until then short of economic activities, in relation to the demands of the market and the profitability of the investment, and not in relation to any concern regarding some balanced territory touristic development, which takes into consideration the different potentialities that the South of the country offers. The result is that the efforts for development have been concentrated around the coastal resorts in order to respond to mass tourism needs, continuously exceeding the offer at band. This situation leaves the doors wide open to real estate and financial speculations which are proliferating everywhere, forcing the State to introduce a legislation which is more and more hostile toward a private sector which already suffers from the aftermath of the economic crisis, the remake-up formations resulting from the structural adjustment program, the policy of privatization, and the removal of the several benefits granted to the touristic sector. The primary objective of this research work is to evaluate the policies and systems of organization which have been put in place and which are responsible for the difficulties in the development of the touristic sector in the Souss Massa Drâa region. The fluoroscopy of tourism at the level of this territory during the past four decades has proved that tourism is an essential passage for the analysis and the apprehension of the ways and means required to make this sector a pillar of territory economic development.

This Master Thesis gives an insight of railroad infrastructure at a regional level of European importance through a case-study within the Rhine-Neckar region in Germany. Administrative competences are hard to overcome from the planning point of view, consequently regions rely on informal planning tools to achieve a broader transnational and integrated transport strategy in Europe. Beside that metropolitan regions have in a scientific sense four different functions. One of them is the gateway function in a polycentric European development. Therefore this thesis analyze the new high-speed railway track between Frankfurt am Main and Mannheim. Furthermore the thesis draws an outlook of the further development of the new high-speed railway and their expected problems out of a regional planning point of view. The conclusion give an insight, if all four scientific metropolitan functions can be found within the region and what their approach of a cooperative federalism is about. All four metropolitan functions can be found within the region in terms of the new high-speed railway. The innovation function is given through the INTERREG IVB-NWE project CODE24, which was elected as a strategic initiative and was of European importance. The decision-making and control function is given through the established European Grouping of Territorial Cooperation, as it gives the whole initiative an European legal form. The symbol function can be found particularly in a footnote of the German Federal Train Track Expansion Act back in 2004, as the region achieved a legal boundary at the federal level. The last function, the gateway function, is given as the corridor between those two agglomerations has the highest traffic volume in Germany.

The graduation theses Spatial planning in Denmark and its comparation with the processes in the Czech Republic describes the systems of the spatial planning in both countries. Preliminary detail a main factors influencing the spatial planning of the territory of the both lands. The main issue of the graduation theses is focusing on Denmark and its detailed characterization how the planning authorities prepare a development plans and carry out whole development strategies in Denmark. At the end compares a spatial planning of Denmark and regional policy and policy of physical planning of the Czech Republic.

The graduation thesis Spatial planning in Norway - the comparison with Czech Republic consists of description of spatial planning systems in Norway and Czech Republic. It focuses on differences between divided (regional and spatial planning) Czech system and integrated Norwegian model. The graduation thesis is divided into five parts. The first consists of basic terms, the second of socioeconomic analysis of Norway. Third and fourth part are describing Czech a Norwegian planning models. The main part of the graduation thesis is the part in which are define deuces, differences, advantages and disadvantages of spatial planning in Norway in comparison with the divided Czech model.

This master's thesis is devoted to the character of the interaction and negotiation about residential development between the municipality representatives and development companies, the key players in the suburban development. As the geographical area for the research were chosen selected municipalities in north-east hinterland of Prague. The theoretical part summarizes the institutional approach, residential suburbanization, spatial planning and the residential development. The practical part consists of the research itself. It was done as the qualitative analysis of the semi-structured interviews with the municipality representatives and development companies. The interviews are then evaluated on the basis of the theoretical thematic analysis. The interaction between developers and mayors is quite complicated because it represents the conflict of private and public interests. This leads to further negotiations. The character of the interaction and also the negotiations are more or less formed by various circumstances. In this thesis have been distinguished four types of interactions. These types differs in the conditions and requirements determination by the mayors and its fulfillment by the development companies. Keywords: suburbanization, spatial planning, developer, development project,...

Denna studie behandlar hur fysisk planering samspelar med social integration och social hållbarhet samt hur det appliceras i ett utvecklingsområde. Undersökningen har skett i delområdet Lindängen i Malmö med fokus på Lindängen centrum där de sociala och fysiska rummen har granskats för en upprustning av stadsmiljön. Det finns en brist på kunskap inom ämnet gestaltad livsmiljö kopplat till socialt hållbart samhällsbygge samt har tidigare forskning visat att kommuner har svårt att avsätta medel till förvaltning av offentliga rum. Generellt bör gestaltning, kvalitet och hållbarhets lyftas i högre grad vid utgivning av forskningsmedel. Lindängen centrum blir en intressant fallstudie eftersom området relaterar till problem som dålig samverkan i byggprocessen i samband med fastighetsägarens ekonomiska synpunkter vilket har resulterat i att platsen inte utvecklats. Det finns många teorier som visar på hur stadens och offentliga rummens utformning kan förutsätta mänskliga handlingsbeteenden för social integration. Aktiva gator, kantzoner och fasader behövs för interaktion mellan människor där placering av dörrar, fönster och bänkar kan vara avgörande. Detta uppnås med fysiska objekt i rummen och olika bebyggelsestrukturer i form av levande fasader, primära och sekundära ytor samt soft edges. Dessa aspekter genererar livet och flödet i de fysiska rummen. Följande teorier som presenteras i arbetet har tillämpats i fallet Lindängen och utifrån detta skapades ett gestaltningsförslag. Detta gestaltningsförslag visar på hur olika former av upprustning kan leda till ett främjande av social integration som i sin tur stärker den stadens sociala hållbarhet. / This study is focused on how physical planning cooperates with social integration and social sustainability as well as how it applies in a development area. Our research has occurred in the sub-area Lindängen in Malmö centered on Lindängen Centrum where the social and physical space has been audited for rearmament of the urban environment. There is a lack of knowledge within the subject of urban design connected with social sustainability. Antecedent research has indicated that municipalities are struggling with funding the governance of public spaces. Design, quality, and sustainability should generally be emphasized to a higher degree at the publication of research funds. Lindängen centrum becomes an interesting case study, seeing that the environment relates to problems, for instance, bad concurrence concerning economic problems which results in that the location has not been developed. There exist many theories that conclude how the city and the design of the public spaces can presuppose human action behavior for social integration. Active streets, borders, and facades are crucial for the interaction among people where the placement of doors, windows, and benches can be vital. This is achieved by physical objects in spaces and various building structures in the shape of living facades, primary and secondary surfaces as well as soft edges. These aspects generate life and the flow in the physical spaces.The following theories presented in this study have been applied in the Lindängen case and based on this created a design proposal. This design proposal shows how various improvements in the urban spaces can lead to a furtherance of social integration, which in turn can strengthen the city's social sustainability.

Blomquist, Aviva (2021). Understanding Community Sense of Place and Social Sustainability Through Instagram: The establishment of Rågsved nature reserve and the demolition Snösätra Graffiti Wall of Fame. Human Geography, advanced level, master’s thesis for Master exam in Human Geography, 30 ECTS credits  Supervisor: Danielle Drozdzewski Language: English Key words: Digital geography, sense of place, social media, public space socio-spatial planning, participation, social sustainability, cultural sustainability.  This thesis investigates digital sense of place and social and cultural sustainability issues in the establishment of Rågsved nature reserve and the subsequent demolishment of (parts of) Snösätra Graffiti Wall of Fame. Drawing on theories of the more or less digital world, the non-representational, the more-than human, and the idea of geolocative social media as participatory public space (in the making), the thesis aim was to investigate how covert netnography/digital ethnography and discourse analysis can help us understand sense of place, and to identify sustainability issues through geotagged user generated data on Instagram. The empirical findings reveal conflicting community sense of place, assembled through complex entanglements between algorithms, physical structures/landscape, language, and sensory embodiments, which were simultaneously digital and non-digital. There were indications that the flows of posts geotagged on Instagram functioned as ‘claimed’ participatory public space, where stakeholder communities discussed place outside of dominant political imaginations. In addition, the posts indicated social and cultural sustainability issues. The main conclusion is that this type of discourse analysis of social media has the potential for functioning as a ‘passive’ participation strategy, and for creating deliberative discussions with stakeholder communities based on an understanding of place as they experience it.

Ett av vår tids största utmaning är klimatkrisen och hur vi ställer om till ett hållbarare samhälle. Många menar att problematiken ligger i att dagens samhälle verkar i ett tillväxtparadigm som förhindrar omställning, och nedväxtrörelsen menar att detta måste lämnas och istället tänka nedväxt. I denna uppsats intresserar jag mig för hur nedväxtrörelsen ser på klimatomställningen, hur den ska gå till, vilka visioner om framtider vi bör sträva mot och nedväxtrörelsens syn på planeringens roll i dessa visioner.  Studiens har utformats i form av en mixed-method design där en litteraturstudie står i fokus och där forskningslitteratur inom nedväxt har utgjort den huvudsakliga empirin. Empirin har samlats in genom dokumentstudier och intervjuer där urvalet har gjort med hjälp av snöbollsmetoden. Materialet har analyserats utifrån teorin om planeringstänkandet objekt (det som planeras) och subjekt (det som planerar).  Studien kan ur ett nytt perspektiv delvis bekräfta tidigare dragna slutsatser om nedväxtrörelsen visioner om det gemensamma, delande, och lokalt deltagande samhället som deltar via direktdemokrati. Vidare visar studien att detta även genomsyrar synen på planeringsprocessen och planeringens roll. För planeringen förespråkas en kollaborativ och deltagande process där de lokala invånarna är lika mycket experter som planeraren. Dock visar studien också på att det inte endast finns en bild om planeringsobjektet och en bild om planeringssubjektet utan det råder delade meningar inom nedväxtrörelsen, bland annat vilken bebyggelsestruktur som bäst går i linje med nedväxtrörelsens grundidéer. Detta visar på en levande debatt bland aktivister och forskare.