In this thesis was created a medium-term draft of actions for the local development needs of village Staré Město pod Landštejnem based on economic, social and organizational possibilities that the village has. This draft was based on the analysis of themes from a questionnaire survey among residents of the village, interviews with local actors, existing development documents related to the community and the author's own ideas. A part of this thesis is the geographical characteristics of the village area and the analysis of literature dealing with the countryside, especially its local and regional development, spatial planning and territorial development of rural settlements and the surrounding landscape, including the analysis of materials prepared for the municipality. Another important output of the thesis is to summarize and supply the existing principles for spatial and landscape planning in the village.

Cette thèse repose sur la mise en exergue du concept d’intermédiation territoriale, considérée comme une dynamique relationnelle et organisationnelle entre acteurs locaux, variable dans le temps et dans l’espace. Le territoire, fruit des interactions et des constructions sociales, jouant ici comme un véritable révélateur de leurs comportements, de leurs pratiques et des processus qui les animent. La réflexion focalise sur l’inscription spatiale des activités économiques, de même que sur les rapports entre acteurs territoriaux qui conduisent à sa formation et sa gestion. La planification stratégique spatialisée, en tant que vision à moyen-long terme de l’organisation spatiale des activités, constitue aussi bien l’objet privilégié d’analyse de ce travail, qu’une porte d’entrée permettant d’interroger le rapprochement entre les pratiques en aménagement et les politiques de développement économique à l’échelle locale. L’enjeu est de pouvoir observer et analyser les cohérences qui sont à l’oeuvre, et demandées à la PSS, autant qu’une nécessité accrue de durabilité. Dans quelles mesures la planification stratégique spatialisée, orchestrée par l’action publique locale, s’inscrit-elle dans un processus d’intermédiation territoriale, voire de façon plus générale, de développement territorial durable ? / This thesis is therefore based on the emphasis of the concept of territorial intermediation we consider a relational and organizational dynamics between local actors, variable in time and space The territory, the result of interactions and social constructs, playing here as a true indication of their behaviors, practices and processes that drive them. Reflecting our focus on spatial registration economic activities, as well as the relationship between territorial actors that lead to its formation and management. The strategic spatial planning as a vision in the medium - long term spatial organization of activities, also constitutes the privileged object of this work as input to query the connection between the door management practices and policies of economic development at the local level. The challenge is to observe and analyze the consistency, required the PSS, as an increased need for sustainability. To what extent the strategic spatial planning, orchestrated by the local public action, it enrolled in a territorial intermediation process, or more generally, for sustainable territorial development ?

Le concept de « réseau écologique » souligne l'importance de la connectivité écologique entre différents espaces naturels. Produit des évolutions historiques des pratiques de conservation et des nouvelles découvertes scientifiques, ce concept propose une nouvelle manière d'appréhender la protection de la nature. De nombreuses initiatives de « réseaux écologiques » ont ainsi lieu à travers le monde, notamment dans les Alpes. Elles témoignent de cette nouvelle conception de la protection de la nature, qui dépasse la simple conservation d'espèces pour s'orienter vers la préservation de systèmes écologiques. L'application de ce concept est étudiée dans trois régions alpines en Allemagne, Suisse et France. Sur ces territoires, de nombreuses initiatives différentes viennent se superposer, engendrant des questionnements quant à la coordination et la coopération entre ces divers échelles, acteurs, actions et les objectifs qui en découlent. En plus de ses impacts purement écologiques, la démarche de réalisation de réseaux écologiques semble également offrir un potentiel particulier allant au-delà des objectifs liés à la protection de la nature. Ce sont également ces autres effets fortuits qui sont au cœur de la recherche : le potentiel mobilisateur de l'outil offrant des possibilités particulières de gouvernance territoriale, les liens existants et potentiels avec l'aménagement du territoire, et les nouvelles logiques d'acteurs. Le concept de réseaux écologiques est venu bouleverser les pratiques de protection de la nature entrainant des modifications de la perception de la nature par la société et transformant ainsi également la relation entre la société et la nature. / The concept of “ecological networks” emphasises the importance of ecological connectivity between different natural areas. As a result of the historical evolutions of nature conservation practices and new scientific evidence this concept provides a new approach to nature protection. Numerous initiatives of “ecological networks” exist worldwide and also in the Alps. They are evidence of this new conception of nature protection going beyond the conservation of single species aiming the protection of functioning ecosystems. The implementation of this concept is analysed in three alpine regions in Germany, Switzerland and France. In these regions various different initiatives are overlapping one another generating interrogations concerning the coordination and cooperation between the different scales, actors, actions and related aims. In addition to the pure ecological impacts the creation of ecological networks seems to offer a particular potential going beyond the general objectives related to nature protection. These additional casual effects are in the centre of this research: the potential of the tool to mobilise various categories of different actors, the particular possibilities of regional governance, the prospective and existing links with spatial planning. The concept of ecological networks has completely changed nature protection practice inducing modifications of the perception of nature by society and therefore of the relation between society and nature.

The territory serves as an indicator of the quality in which the State manages land use. Based on the concepts of planning, spatial planning and transportation planning, seen from the perspective of the State action, and understanding the transport networks as a key element in the organization of the territory, we described the importance of transport in the Brazilian historical and spatial constitution. Considering elements and characteristics of the Brazilian territory at the beginning of the 21th century, as well as transport networks data, public policies and State institutions responsible for its management, we aimed at describing and understanding the recent performance of the Brazilian State in transport planning from the perspective of spatial planning. As a point of comparison, we studied European transport policies, as well as its recent performance, particularly the Portuguese case, enabling us to trace points of convergence and divergence in relation to the Brazilian case. / O mote para esta tese é a constatação de que o território serve de indicador da qualidade da gestão que sobre ele é empreendida. Partindo dos conceitos de território, o ordenamento territorial e o planejamento de transportes, vistos sob a ótica da ação do estatal, e entendendo as redes de transportes como elemento fundamental na organização do território, buscou-se reconstituir a importância dos transportes na formação sócio-espacial brasileira. Com base em elementos e características do território brasileiro neste início do século XXI, bem como dados das redes de transportes, das políticas de Estado e das instituições responsáveis por sua gestão, objetivou-se descrever e compreender a atuação recente do Estado brasileiro em planejamento de transportes sob a ótica do ordenamento do território. Como ponto de comparação, foram estudadas as políticas europeias de transportes, bem como sua atuação recente, particularmente o caso português, permitindo traçar pontos de convergência e divergência em relação ao caso brasileiro. / Doutor em Geografia

The aim of this diploma thesis was to describe and analyze the specific problems of developing rural village Purkarec. The work was approached from the perspective of spatial planning and land consolidation. These procedures were applied in the preparation of various projects. The selected area was described in terms of natural and cultural values and in terms of rural infrastructure. Described are the land use limits, which is a limiting factor for development. By using SWOT analysis were solve specific problems and their projects were designed. The analysis resulted in opportunities of development especially in tourism - the construction cycle ways, the implementation of the ferry. It also highlights the need of implement land consolidation. Also the future construction of houses is essential. The construction of cycle ways should be focused by their multi-functionality of the proposal. Maintenance plans are mainly limiting to possibility of building additional housing, the principles were established sufficiently friendly to nature and landscape character. Selected rural development projects were evaluated according to the most important local area factors. Using the assessment was drawn up a timetable for implementation of individual projects. The enclosures of the thesis are maps created in ArcGIS program. The maps express the relationships of development measures in this location.

O setor público de planejamento de uso e ocupação do solo dispõe de instrumentos para regular o desenvolvimento, como o Plano de Bacia Hidrográfica - PBH, que atua em âmbito regional e os Planos Diretores Municipais - PD, em âmbito municipal, os quais possuem sobreposição de interesses e áreas de gerenciamento. Contudo, o Estado de São Paulo ainda encontra dificuldades em estabelecer conexões entre PBHs e PDs. Apesar de serem peças importantes para o disciplinamento do uso e ocupação do solo, não apresentam interação, ocasionando um descompasso e desarticulação de agentes institucionais com poderes de decisão na área ambiental e, consequentemente, na implementação das decisões tomadas. Assim, a presente tese investiga a possibilidade de integração do Plano Diretor Municipal com o Plano de Bacia Hidrográfica, pertencentes à mesma Unidade de Gerenciamento de Recursos Hídricos a partir da aplicação da Avaliação Ambiental Estratégica. A metodologia do trabalho parte das experiências internacionais de planejamento territorial por planos diretores municipais ou regionais e de aplicação de AAE neste campo do conhecimento, tendo como referência o sistema adotado na Escócia. O arcabouço concebido foi aplicado para desenvolver diretrizes para ser utilizado na Bacia Hidrográfica do Litoral Norte do Estado de São Paulo. Na análise foram contempladas as etapas de elaboração dos distintos instrumentos, os dados utilizados, os momentos de interlocução entre os setores responsáveis e partes interessadas, os mecanismos de verificação de implementação e monitoramento, e os direcionamentos finais dados por todos os instrumentos. Foram identificadas as compatibilidades e incongruências caracterizadas pela aplicação dos instrumentos de planejamento, tendo como resultados positivos do caso escocês o estabelecimento de autoridades consultivas, a aprovação do processo por órgãos externos, e as diretrizes do plano local vinculadas ao planejamento regional, sinalizando para possíveis melhorias dos procedimentos adotados no Litoral Norte do Estado de São Paulo. / The land use planning has different tools to guide the spatial development, as River Basin Management Plan in the regional scale and Local Development Plan in the municipal scale, which overlaps in area and issues of management. However, the São Paulo State has troubles to connect them. Both River Basin Management Plan and Local Development Plan are important to regulate the land use, but they are not integrated accurately by public government with consequences in the planning implementation. This thesis looks for Strategic Environmental Assessment\'s efficiency applied to connect the Local Development Plan with River Basin Management Plan in the same management area. The methodology analyses the international experience in spatial planning by the Strategic Environmental Assessment expertise, and puts the Scottish Management as reference to North Coast of São Paulo State. The analysis contemplates planning procedures, baselines, public participation, monitoring, implementation strategies and planning results. There are compatibilities and divergences of both planning tools and among the positive results of Scottish planning are the adoptions of consult authorities during the planning elaboration, the planning processs external approbation, and the local planning decisions linked by regional planning results. The Scottish expertise could be useful to improve the planning practice in the North Coast of the São Paulo.

公共圖書館是兒童主要獲取資訊及知識的場所，對於兒童而言，圖書館兒童閱讀空間閱讀氛圍的營造與空間規劃設計又為影響到兒童對於圖書館使用意願的關鍵。理想的兒童閱讀空間應該不論在閱讀空間設計、家具及設備安排、分齡分眾功能劃分上，都應該能呼應兒童及家長等使用者的需求，以吸引他們到圖書館來親近使用，並幫助兒童在利用圖書館的過程中培養閱讀的樂趣。本研究旨在建構適合公共圖書館兒童閱讀空間的原則及構面指標，以作為國內公共圖書館未來規劃及建置兒童閱讀空間時的參考。 　　本研究研究目的有四點：（一）以兒童需求中心探討圖書館兒童閱讀空間設計原則；（二）探討兒童與父母對圖書館兒童閱讀空間設計原則的認知；（三）探討兒童與父母對圖書館兒童閱讀空間的使用與滿意度；（四）探討影響兒童與父母對圖書館兒童閱讀空間滿意度的影響因素，以作為公共圖書館未來在兒童閱讀空間上的規劃參考。 　　為獲得研究結果，本研究首先分析國內外有關公共圖書館兒童閱讀空間規劃案例，並透過文獻分析法與訪談法具體建構出三構面19項指標，以及「公共圖書館兒童閱讀空間需求及滿意度調查問卷」作為研究工具。研究問卷並針對臺北市立圖書館總館及所屬分館的兒童閱讀空間進行發放，獲得以下結論：（一）兒童閱讀空間經過空間改善後多能滿足使用者期待；（二）兒童對圖書館服務需求多元，並非僅限閱讀；（三）安全性、共讀空間、閱讀氛圍營造會影響兒童使用意願；（四）安全性、家具樣式及哺集乳室的設置最受使用者滿意；（五）使用者認為圖書館應關注不同年齡的兒童及家長需求，增加團體討論室，區隔討論區與閱讀區。 / A public library is a major place where children can have access to information and knowledge. For children, the creation of a reading atmosphere and the spatial planning and design in the children's reading space at the library are the key to their willingness to use libraries. An ideal children’s reading space should be able to respond to the needs of children and parents and other users, whether in reading space design, furniture and equipment arrangement, or facilities for different age groups, so as to attract them to the library and encourage them to read for pleasure in the process of using the library. This study aims to establish the principles and dimension indicators for the children's reading space at the public library, which can serve as a reference for future planning and construction of children's reading spaces at public libraries in Taiwan. 　　The purposes of this study are to explore (1) the design principles behind the children's reading space at the library from the perspective of children's needs; (2) children's and parents’ perceptions of the design principles behind the children's reading space at the library; (3) children’s and parents’ use of and satisfaction with the children's reading space at the library, and (4) factors in children’s and parents’ satisfaction with the children's reading space at the library, in order to provide a reference for future planning of children's reading spaces at public libraries. 　　In order to obtain research results, this study first analyzed the cases of children's reading space planning at public libraries at home and abroad, and developed three dimensions and 19 indicators through literature review and interviews, as well as used as a research tool the Public Library Children's Reading Space Requirements and Satisfaction Questionnaire. The questionnaire was also distributed to the children’s reading spaces at Taipei Main Public Library and its branches, thereby reaching the following conclusions: (1) most of children's reading spaces can meet users’ expectations after the improvement of space; (2) children's demand for library services is diversified and not limited to reading; (3) safety, the family reading area, and the reading atmosphere have influence on children's willingness to use; (4) most users are satisfied with safety, the furniture style, and the establishment of a lactation room, and (5) users believe that the library should focus on the needs of children and parents of different ages, and increase group discussion rooms, and separate discussion areas from reading areas.

Examensarbetet har genomförts som en Minor Field Study (MFS), i Kina med fokus på hållbar fysisk planering. Begreppet hållbar utveckling är omfattande varför arbetet har begränsats att belysa fyra viktiga områden med stark koppling till fysisk planering; Energi, Transport, Vatten och Avfall. Examensarbetet har delats upp i två delar; Teori och Fältstudie - Shidao. Utvecklingen i Kina går snabbt och städer växer med en rasande fart i en process som många gånger dominerats av kortsiktigt ekonomiskt fokus. Under senare år har fysisk planering med fokus på hållbar utveckling uppmärksammats. Hållbarhetsbegreppet har bland annat sin utgångspunkt i det ekologiska kretsloppet. Industrialiseringen har inneburit kraftigt ökad energiförbrukning i Kina och kol används i stor utsträckning vilket är en av orsakerna till ökade föroreningar i landet. 16 av världens 20 mest förorenade städer ligger i Kina och lösningen på problemet är bl.a. förnyelsebara energikällor och att hushålla med energin. Den kraftigt ökande efterfrågan på bilar och ökade trafikmängderna orsakar allvarliga problem med föroreningar i storstäder runt om i Kina. Välfungerande kollektivtrafik lyfts fram som ett viktigt element i ett hållbart samhälle samtidigt som gång- och cykeltrafik ska uppmuntras och prioriteras i den fysiska planeringen. Hantering av vatten och avfall får också stora konsekvenser i den snabba utveckling som Kina står i. Efterfrågan på vatten ökar samtidigt som det uppstår stora problem med förorenat vatten. Dagvattenhanteringen är ett viktigt område där fysisk planering kan spela en avgörande roll. Vad gäller avfallshanteringen måste mängden avfall minskas samtidigt som allt mer av avfallet återanvänds eller återvinns. Följande referensområden har studerats med syfte att lyfta fram stadsutvecklingsprojekt med fokus på hållbarhet: Bo01/Västra hamnen i Malmö, Viikki i Helsingfors och Luodian Town i Shanghai. Cheklista som utgångspunkt för fältstudien i Shidao, Kina: Energi NYTTJA FÖRNYELSEBARA ENERGIKÄLLOR EFFEKTIV DISTRIBUTIONSTEKNOLOGI ENERGI-EFFEKTIVT BYGGANDE UPPMUNTRA TEKNOLOGI/SYSTEM FÖR ÅTERANVÄNDNING INFORMATION OCH MEDBORGARDELTAGANDE Transport PRIORITERA KOLLEKTIVTRAFIK UPPMUNTRA MILJÖVÄNLIG FORDONSTEKNIK MINSKA BILANVÄNDNING UPPMUNTRA GÅNG- OCH CYKELTRAFIK Vatten SÄKRA PRODUKTION OCH DISTRIBUTION RENA DAGVATTNET FÖRHINDRA ÖVERSVÄMNING BIDRA TILL MÅNGFALD OCH ESTETISKA VÄRDEN Avfall MINSKA, ÅTERANVÄND, ÅTERVINN FÖRBÄTTRADE, SANITÄRA DEPONIER INFORMATION OCH MEDBORGARDELTAGANDE Området, ett nedlagt industriområde, står inför en omvandling till bostäder, kontor och handel och under den tidiga planeringen har hållbarhetsaspekterna fått mycket lite fokus. Fältstudien omfattar en inventering av området men också en analys av de tidigare planerna som redovisats för den nya bebyggelsen. Analysen av tidigare planförslag har sin utgångspunkt i den nämnda checklistan och följs av förslag på ändringar av det befintliga planförslaget. Två områden, en offentlig miljö och en privat miljö har detaljstuderats. Befintligt planförslag arbetades om i två detaljerade planförslag för att rymma de åtgärder som lyfts fram i analysen. Stadsplaneringen i Kina står inför avgörande beslut vad gäller miljön. Planering på lång sikt kommer att krävas och många viktiga aspekter att ta hänsyn till inom hållbar planering ryms i den cheklista som presenteras i examensarbetet. / Josef Erixon, tel: 070-3329196, Tina Bosnjak, tel: 070-6078064

Coral reefs are an important resource world-wide. Unfortunately, coral reef conditions are declining in many areas due to both global and local stressors. The objective of this study was to survey stakeholders in southeast Florida to better understand reef use in the region. Stakeholders spatially identified where and how often they conducted their activities. These data were compiled and analyzed in GIS to determine spatial use patterns. Both location and intensity of use were analyzed to determine which areas may be under greater stress from recreational activities. It was found that reef use was not evenly distributed in the region but clustered around inlets and piers. Reef use differed between user groups (i.e. SCUBA divers, fishers) and demographics. It was also found that use in the Broward-Miami Coral Reef Ecosystem Region was spread out over a wider spatial scale than the use in the regions north and south.. These data are important as they have the potential to inform the recommendations being made to improve coral reef management in southeast Florida. The study can provide a better understanding of human-environmental relationships and the trade-offs involved so that recommendations can better decrease user conflicts, maximize economic productivity, and preserve the environment.

L’actuelle reconfiguration de l’activité maritime et portuaire s’accompagne de mutations majeures qui appellent à un renouvellement de la gouvernance des villes portuaires. Trois des principales villes portuaires de la Rangée Nord-Ouest Européenne – à savoir Anvers, Le Havre et Rotterdam – expérimentent la diffusion du paradigme stratégique et la diversité de projets induits.Pour répondre aux enjeux théoriques et opérationnels issus d’un tel contexte, cette thèse est structurée autour de quatre volets – dont l’analyse de l’impact des instruments de planification stratégique sur les processus d’aménagement dans les villes portuaires. L’élaboration d’une méthodologie pertinente pour appréhender la complexité des enjeux d’aménagement des villes portuaires et le nouveau contexte de production des politiques d’aménagement constitue le deuxième volet. L’étude du lien entre planification stratégique et cohérence territoriale en est le troisième. Par ailleurs, il s’agit d’étudier la possibilité de modéliser les différents types de planification stratégique. Cette recherche est conduite selon une méthodologie pluridisciplinaire et une analyse systémique.Outre la méthode d’analyse des démarches stratégiques et de la complexité des villes portuaires, les travaux menés permettent, d’une part, de mieux appréhender la redéfinition actuelle des processus d’aménagement et, d’autre part, d’évaluer l’intégration de la cohérence territoriale dans les politiques d’aménagement des villes portuaires.Enfin, la formalisation théorique des projets stratégiques débouche sur une typologie originale des 3 modèles de planification stratégique mis en évidence à Anvers, au Havre et à Rotterdam. / Port and maritime activity are currently undergoing an important reorganisation. This phenomenon goes hand in hand with prominent evolutions triggering a renewal of port cities governance. Among the Northern Range, three major cities – namely Antwerp, Le Havre and Rotterdam – have been experiencing the spreading of the strategic paradigm followed by a diversity of strategic projects. In order to answer the theoretical and operational issues induced by this renewed context, the research is structured around four axes among which the analysis of strategic planning instruments and its impact on spatial planning processes in port cities. Conceiving a methodology that allows explaining the complexity of port cities constitutes an important challenge. As such, it is the second axis explored. The link between strategic planning and territorial coherence forms the third axis. Finally, the opportunity of modelling strategic planning of port cities is the fourth axis. The research follows a cross-disciplinary approach coupled with a systemic analysis. On top of providing a specific methodology to analyse strategic planning and port cities complexity, the doctoral study contributes to a better understanding of spatial planning processes and their current redefinition. It also produces an evaluation of the way territorial coherence is integrated to spatial planning policies in port cities. Last but not least, the research presents a theoretical formalisation of strategic processes leading to an original typology of the three strategic planning models identified in Antwerp, Le Havre and Rotterdam.